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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most important risk factors and findings of acute accidental hypothermia and concomitant local frostbites are reviewed. Both external and internal risk factors are usually present when exposure to cold is leading to death. The external factors are alcohol and psychic drugs, too light a clothing for the circumstances and wetness. Important internal factors are leanness, physical exhaustion and traumas in young persons and illnesses and degeneration of physiological heat conserving and production responses at old age. The signs caused by cold on the body are variable. In immersion hypothermia cases there are almost no changes, since the death occurs rapidly, most frequently from drowning. On the victims of dry frost first degree congelations, showing up as purple oedematic skin areas or spots, can be observed on the face and extremities. Stress ulcerations or haemorrhages in the stomach mucosa develop in ca. 70% of dry hypothermia cases. In long lasting exposures to cool temperature haemorrhagic pancreatitis, lung oedema and myxomatous skin oedema have been the characteristic signs. Frostbites developing concomitantly with fatal hypothermia show only oedema and hyperaemia, but no blisters or inflammation in the skin, which are the most conspicious vital reactions of frostbites after thawing.
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PMID:Some aspects on death in the cold and concomitant frostbites. 1099 30

This article reviews causes of marathon collapse related to physical exhaustion, heat exhaustion and dehydration. During severe exercise-heat stress (high skin and core temperatures), cardiac output can decrease below levels observed during exercise in temperate conditions. This reduced cardiac output and vasodilated skin and muscle can make it difficult to sustain blood pressure and perhaps cerebral blood flow. Dehydration can accentuate this cardiovascular strain. In contrast, excessive heat loss to the environment during cold weather may result in hypothermic collapse. Other factors contributing to post-race collapse might include reduced skeletal muscle pump activity and dehydration and prior heat stress mediated changes in cerebrovascular responses to orthostatic challenges.
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PMID:Heat exhaustion and dehydration as causes of marathon collapse. 1746 13