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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When the body temperature of a small neonate falls below 35 degrees C, lassitude can be noted; severe derangements of cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, immunological, and hematological systems may also occur depending in part on the duration and severity of hypothermia. Diagnosis requires a low-reading thermometer, lacking which the diagnosis can be suspected, but most often is missed. Fatal cases of diagnosed cold injury commonly have terminal pneumonia or sepsis. Prevention involves identification and home visits to high-risk infants; intensive care of those with the diagnosis at Soroka Hospital Medical Center has reduced the case-fatality rate from 30% in 1971 to 3% in 1988-1989. During the same period in our region, the proportion of neonatal deaths occurring in winter months of December, January, and February has dropped from 55 to 27%. The expected proportion is 25%. We hypothesize that excess neonatal mortality during winter months, especially due to pneumonia and sepsis or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is an indicator of missed cold injury syndrome. A preliminary evaluation was made form U.S. data by state, provided by the National Center for Health Statistics, which records no fatalities from cold injury during 1986. Contrasted with this are 26 cold injury deaths in Israel for 1977-1980. In the U.S., though, excess winter neonatal deaths in 1986 from SIDS, pneumonia, and sepsis are reported.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preventability of neonatal cold injury and its contribution to neonatal mortality. 195 41

A significant portion of the world's geography lies above 10,000 feet elevation, an arbitrary designation that separates moderate and high altitude. Although the number of indigenous people living at these elevations is relatively small, many people travel to high altitude for work or recreation, exposing themselves to chronic or intermittent hypoxia and the associated risk of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and less frequently, high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). The symptoms of AMS (headache, nausea, anorexia, fatigue, lassitude) occur in those who travel too high, too fast. Some investigators have linked the development of these symptoms with the condition of altered blood-brain barrier permeability, possibly related to hypoxia induced free radical formation. The burden of oxidative stress increases during the time spent at altitude and may even persist for some time upon return to sea level. The physiological and medical consequences of increased oxidative stress engendered by altitude is unclear; indeed, hypoxia is believed to be the trigger for the cascade of signaling events that ultimately leads to adaptation to altitude. These signaling events include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may elicit important adaptive responses. If produced in excess, however, these ROS may contribute to impaired muscle function and reduced capillary perfusion at altitude or may even play a role in precipitating more serious neurological and pulmonary crisis. Oxidative stress can be observed at altitude without strenuous physical exertion; however, environmental factors other than hypoxia, such as exercise, UV light exposure and cold exposure, can also contribute to the burden. Providing antioxidant nutrients via the diet or supplements to the diet can reduce oxidative stress secondary to altitude exposure. In summary, the significant unanswered question concerning altitude exposure and antioxidant supplementation is when does oxidative stress become potentially damaging enough to merit antioxidant therapy and conversely, what degree of oxidative stress is necessary to foster the adaptive response of altitude exposure?
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PMID:Work at high altitude and oxidative stress: antioxidant nutrients. 1232 88

As increasing numbers of people choose to sojourn or retire to the mountains, high-altitude illness is becoming a pathological phenomenon about which healthcare providers should have greater awareness. Hypoxia is the primary cause of high-altitude illness, but other stressors on the sympathetic nervous system, such as cold and exertion, also contribute to disease development and progression. Although variable across persons, symptoms of high-altitude disorders usually occur at altitudes over 7000 feet, and typically in 1 of 3 forms: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), or high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Major symptoms include nausea, poor sleep, headache, lassitude, cough, dyspnea on exertion and at rest, ataxia, and mental status changes. As a rule, illness occurring at high altitude should be attributed to the altitude until proven otherwise. Treatment is best accomplished by descent and by oxygen or pharmacologic intervention if necessary. Under no circumstances should a person with worsening symptoms of high-altitude illness delay descent. As will be discussed in part II of this article, gradual ascent and subsequent acclimatization to altitude is the most effective prevention, though acetazolamide (Diamox) may be a useful prophylactic measure in some.
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PMID:High-altitude-related disorders--Part I: Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. 1513 83

More than three thousand publications in the past have confirmed the efficacy of garlic for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, acknowledging and validating its traditional uses. Garlic is also used for the treatment of fatigue, although the mechanism involved remain unclear. The anti-fatigue function of garlic may be closely related to its many favorable biological and pharmacological effects. In animal studies, garlic has been shown to promote exercise endurance. Differences in the methods of processing garlic result in differences in the intensity of its anti-fatigue effect, and the most favorable form of processing has been shown to be extraction of raw garlic followed by its natural aging for a long period in a water-ethanol mixture. In human studies, it has been confirmed that garlic produces symptomatic improvement in persons with physical fatigue, systemic fatigue due to cold, or lassitude of indefinite cause, suggesting that garlic can resolve fatigue through a variety of actions. Recently, primarily in Japan, attempts have been made to measure the intensity of fatigue objectively and quantitatively using biomarkers. Currently available data strongly suggest that garlic may be a promising anti-fatigue agent, and that further studies to elucidate its application are warranted.
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PMID:Garlic as an anti-fatigue agent. 1795 79

Maintaining employees' presenteeism is a major issue in the workplace. Simple and convenient methods to improve presenteeism are required. We investigated whether administering the lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) can improve the performance and physical condition of office workers. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1) an intake period (consumption of LC-Plasma-containing yogurt beverage) followed by a non-intake period, or 2) a non-intake period followed by an intake period. Each period lasted 4 weeks and there was a 4- week washout period between each. Assessment was conducted using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ), the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and physical condition questionnaires. A total of 153 subjects were analyzed. Absolute presenteeism (as assessed by the HPQ) and vigor (as assessed by POMS) were significantly higher in the intake period than the non-intake period. The subject's physical health (as assessed by typical common cold symptoms, physical condition, sneezing or runny noses, coughing or sore throats, and lassitude) was also superior during the LC-Plasma intake period. Our results suggest that intake of LC-Plasma for 4 weeks improves work performance through reducing the risk of infection.
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PMID:Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma Improves Subjective Physical State and Presenteeism: A Randomized, Open-Label Crossover Study among Healthy Office Workers. 3267 64