Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 44-year-old man with Menetrier's disease associated with protein-losing gastropathy and with abnormal serum complement profile is reported. He was treated by an antifibrinolytic compound tranexamic acid (trans-AMCHA) since he was found to have elevated fibrinolytic activity in the biopsied gastric mucosa. The therapy brought his serum protein from 3.8 g/dl to 5.6g/dl, however could not reduce his mucosal disorder. Substitution of a placebo for trans-AMCHA resulted in marked depression of his serum protein to 3.7 g/dl. It was concluded that trans-AMCHA was effective in raising his serum protein to a certain extent but failed to block the vicious circle of "mucosal disorder", "increased tissue fibrinolysis" and "hypoproteinemia" (Kondo, M. et al. Gastroenterology 70, 1045, 1976). Abnormal serum complement profile seen in this patient was found to be due to cold activation of the classical complement pathway (Kondo, M. et al. J. Immunol. 117, 486, 1976). Although no correlation between the phenomenon and Menetrier's disease has been clarified yet, the appearance of wheezing as in asthma when exposed to cold suggested that cold activation of complement occurred in vivo and resulted in increasing of the vascular permeability in the lungs.
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PMID:A case of Menetrier's disease associated with protein-losing gastropathy and abnormal serum complement profile. 71 Aug 25

A survey was undertaken among adults aged 20-44 years in a South Wales town. Persons with a history of wheezing with breathlessness and in the absence of a cold were identified by postal questionnaires and seen at a clinic, together with a sample of subjects without these symptoms. The response rates for the first and second stages of the survey were 99.6% and 91.0% respectively, and 574 subjects were ultimately seen. Asthmatic patients (those receiving treatment within the previous year) had some airways obstruction at rest, which increased after exercise. They also had strong allergic tendencies, as shown by personal and family history, skin tests, and serum IgE levels. The ex-asthmatics (those not receiving treatment within the previous year) showed these tendencies to a lesser extent. A larger group gave a history of wheezing but stated that they had never had asthma; in their response to exercise and allergic traits they resembled the control group rather than the asthmatics, and appeared to have the features of chronic bronchitis. Asthma and chronic bronchitis would therefore seem to be distinct entities within the population studied.
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PMID:A community survey of asthmatic characteristics. 122 53

Cold passage 18 (CP18) parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 95 infants and young children. None of 19 seropositive older children 41 to 124 months old became infected when 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of vaccine virus was administered intranasally. Two of nine and seven of twenty-four young seropositive children given 10(5) or 10(6) TCID50 of CP18 PIV-3, respectively, became infected. Each of four seronegative young children became infected, as indicated by virus shedding and antibody response, when given 10(6) TCID50 of CP18 PIV-3 intranasally. Illness was not observed in seropositive children. Two of the four seronegative children developed a mild illness characterized by rhinorrhea and wheezing on auscultation; none had fever. In one case, vaccine virus spread from a vaccine to a sibling control but did not cause illness. The vaccine is attenuated relative to wild-type PIV-3, but additional attenuation will be required to achieve a satisfactory PIV-3 vaccine.
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PMID:Evaluation of a live attenuated, cold-adapted parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine in children. 132 76

The upper and lower airways have complimentary roles in the ultimate object of supplying the body with oxygen whilst removing waste products of metabolism. Pathology in one area may trigger a response in another, the physiology of which, in the case of virus-induced asthma exacerbations remains poorly characterized. Viral infection of the upper airways by common cold viruses frequently triggers a response in the lower airways leading to prolonged morbidity, especially in subjects with significant pre-existing airway disease. The induction or amplification of BHR may be an important mechanism whereby asthmatic symptoms are produced although the cellular and tissue events or reflex mechanisms activated by viral illnesses and underlying BHR changes are poorly defined and may be dependent on the type and the severity of infection. Children and asthmatics tend to develop frequent colds setting in motion a sequence of events culminating in airway obstruction and symptoms of wheezing, coughing and chest tightness. This may reflect independent inflammatory changes caused by a simply additive effect of viral damage to the mucosa superimposed upon pre-existing allergic inflammation (Fig. 1). Few if any symptoms will develop in normal subjects with a mild cold whereas significant symptoms may ensue if the cold is severe and induces marked lower airway swelling, secretions and smooth muscle contraction; pathology to which children who have small calibre airways may be particularly susceptible. In asthmatics even a mild cold frequently induces exacerbation of symptoms, while serious life-threatening asthma attacks may occur associated with a severe cold. Some studies have suggested that this effect is not only additive but also synergistic and brought about by release of the mediators already present in increased quantities, the induction of IgE synthesis, or by the potentiation of neural and epithelial damage. The combined effect of both asthma and viruses may thus be amplified and result in a sustained and refractory period of airway obstruction, severe symptoms and unstable asthma. As most hospital admissions for asthma occur over the winter months and soon after the start of the school terms [115], spread of viruses through the community to susceptible individuals may be the single most important cause of sustained exacerbations of asthma. Definition of the pathological and physiological mechanisms involved will lead to better understanding and may thus provide a basis for prevention and the development of effective forms of treatment for virus-induced asthma.
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PMID:Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms. II. Physiology and mechanisms. 135 15

Thirty asthmatic patients, ages ranging from 6 to 72 years, who were submitted to a 14 weeks clinical evaluation, were studied measuring the severity of dysnea, coughing, expectoration and wheezing. Sodium chromoglycate (SCG) was administered in aerosol starting the second week of the study and the doses of bronchial dilators was reduced starting the fourth week, with a 25% decrease in the total established initial dosage, every two weeks. In this study, SCG showed to be useful in decreasing symptoms caused by bronchial hyperreactivity and the use of bronchial dilators in 70% of asthmatics who react with the presence of just one risk factor (cold, the most frequent).
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PMID:[Effectiveness of sodium cromoglycate in the reduction of bronchodilator doses in asthmatic patients]. 141 Nov 7

We present an anonymous questionnaire inquiry involving 334 primary schoolteachers in the Randers area with the purpose of elucidating teachers' knowledge about asthma. To a series of statements about asthma, the teachers answered yes, no or don't know. A limited knowledge of different aspects of asthma in children was found, although 57% had asthma children in their classes. Specially limited was knowledge about medical treatment. Five percent had received proper instruction about asthma and had a significantly better knowledge of medical treatment (p less than 0.001-0.05). Only 57% knew that wheezing after physical exertion is a strong indicator of asthma and only 33% knew that exertion in cold weather increases the risk of an attack. It is recommended that instruction in children's diseases, especially asthma, is introduced in teacher training colleges.
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PMID:Danish primary schoolteachers' knowledge about asthma: results of a questionnaire. 149 8

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether in patients with persistent cough the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BH) and development of asthma could be speculated based on clinical data. Only patients who met strict criteria excluding exogenous factors that influence BH, especially smoking or respiratory infection, were included in this study. The study group included 15 males and 50 females aged 18 to 62 years (mean +/- S.D. of 44 +/- 12 years) whose physical findings, chest X-rays, spirometry results and peripheral leukocyte counts were within normal limits. Duration of cough was at least one month. The patients had no history of wheezing, dyspnea or previous bronchodilator therapy. None of them had ever been smokers. In addition, there was no history of upper respiratory tract infection in the preceding month. BH was assessed by "Astograph" using methacholine. Cmin and Dmir or SGrs/Grs cont. were measured as the indexes of bronchial sensitivity or reactivity respectively. A methacholine Cmin of 3, 125 micrograms/ml or less was taken as a positive indication of BH. The evaluated clinical data were age, pulmonary function (spirogram or flow volume curve), atopic factors (serum total IgE and family or personal history of atopic diseases), peripheral eosinophil count, bronchial sensitivity or reactivity, and clinical features of cough (induction by exercise or cold air and nocturnal worsening). The results were as follows. (1) Twenty-nine (45%) of 65 patients were BH-positive (BH-positive group). (2) There was no significant difference in age, %FVC, IgE, and family or personal history of atopic diseases between the BH-positive and negative group. However, the BH-positive group had significantly lower FEV1.0%, %FEV1.0, PEFR, (p less than 0.05) and V25/H (p less than 0.01) and a higher peripheral eosinophil count (p less than 0.05) than the BH-negative group. (3) Seventeen (85%) of 20 BH-positive patients prescribed bronchodilators (beta 2 agonist/theophylline) responded to therapy within a month. (4) Seven (29%) of 24 BH-positive patients available for 2 years follow-up developed clinical asthma. (5) There was no significant difference in %FVC, FEV1.0%, V25/H and peripheral eosinophil count between the patients who developed asthma (Group A) and those who did not (Group N-A). However, The patients in Group A were older than those in Group N-A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical study on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and development of bronchial asthma in patients with persistent cough]. 174 66

The clinical hallmarks of asthma are wheezing and reversibility. Any disease that impairs air flow through obstructed airways may cause wheezing. Patients with true asthma may give a history of allergy and past attacks of dyspnea and wheezing occurring when exposed to allergens, inhaled irritants, upper respiratory infection, cold and humid air, exercise, and emotional stress. When encountering a wheezing dyspneic patient who does not report such a history, it behooves the physician to entertain the possibility that the patient may have a disease other than asthma. Chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cardiogenic pulmonary edema pulmonary emboli, aspiration of gastric contents, and upper airway obstruction are the common causes of nonasthmatic wheezing. In almost every instance a wide spectrum of easily obtainable data, particularly historical, are available to alert the physician that the patient's dyspnea and wheezing are not due to asthma. Laboratory data are also readily available to buttress the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:The differential diagnosis of asthma. 176 18

A health survey was carried out among 8259 second- and fifth-grade schoolchildren living in three towns along the Israeli coast. The schoolchildren performed the following pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and peak expiratory flow, their parents filled out an American Thoracic Society-National Heart and Lung Institute health questionnaire. The aim of the survey was to study the impact of environmental and home exposures on the prevalence of respiratory conditions and on pulmonary function tests among Israeli schoolchildren. The health effects of exposure to passive smoking are discussed in detail. A trend of a higher frequency of reported respiratory conditions was found among schoolchildren whose fathers or mothers are smokers compared with children whose parents do not smoke. A statistically significant excess between 1.4% (for wheezing without cold) and 4.7% (for cough with cold) was found for children of smoking fathers; the excess for children of smoking mothers was between 1.6% (for wheezing with cold) and 3.6% (for cough with cold) compared with children of nonsmokers. A gradual excess in symptoms was found among children with none, one, and two smoking parents. Relative risks were found to be between 1.13 (for bronchitis) and 1.28 (for wheezing without cold) for children of smoking fathers, and between 1.24 (for asthma) and 1.41 (for cough with sputum) for children of smoking mothers, compared with 1.00 for children of nonsmokers. There was no consistent trend of reduced pulmonary function tests among children of smokers compared with nonsmokers' children.
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PMID:Passive smoking among schoolchildren in Israel. 182 Feb 66

Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained on admission from 614 patients younger than 2 years of age who were hospitalized in a ward for acute respiratory infections from June 1988 through October, 1989, in Santiago, Chile. Patients in two rooms were followed during the cold seasons by sampling aspirates every other day during the child's entire hospital stay. Clinical features were recorded daily. Indirect monoclonal immunofluorescent assay and isolation in HEp-2 were used for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) diagnosis. The mean RSV detection rate was 39% at the time of admission, ranging from 8% in April, 1989, to 62% in July, 1988. During the cold months 43 of 288 (15%) nosocomial RSV cases were detected. Pneumonia and wheezing bronchitis were the principal diagnoses of both groups admitted, whether they were shedding RSV or not. It is concluded that RSV plays a major role in admissions for acute respiratory infections, as well as in nosocomial infections, in Santiago. Because clinical features do not allow one to differentiate viral from bacterial acute respiratory infections, the importance of rapid viral diagnosis is emphasized.
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PMID:Community- and hospital-acquired respiratory syncytial virus infections in Chile. 189 Dec 87


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