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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicentric trial compared the effect of chlorpheniramine maleate with a placebo on the signs and symptoms of the common cold. Two hundred seventy-one patients were domiciled for 48 hours and evaluated during this period and for four days afterwards. Evaluations by both patients and physicians showed that chlorpheniramine maleate was superior to placebo in lessening the degree of symptoms of the common cold. Statistically significant differences were found both on the first day and as late as the seventh day. Significant differences and trends were shown in such measures as total objective score, physicians' evaluation of symptoms. The overall incidence of side effects other than drowsiness did not differ between the treatment groups.
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PMID:Effectiveness of antihistamines in the symptomatic management of the common cold. 49 Aug 52

This study attempted to replicate and extend previous findings on autonomic arousal and responsivity in children with diagnoses of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD). Pupil size, heart rate, skin conductance, and skin temperature were recorded from 32 MBD and 45 control children during a session that included presentation of visual stimuli, simple reaction time (RT), a cold pressor procedure, and rest periods. The MBD children were tested both off and on clinical dosages of stimulant drugs in a crossover design. Evidence of higher than normal arousal levels in the unmedicated MBD Ss was obtained from resting skin conductance and, more tenuously, from pupil size. Lower phasic responsivity in the MBD children was evidenced by slower RT, less cardiac deceleration to both light and RT stimuli, and smaller pupil dilation to the RT stimuli. Spontaneous pupillary constrictions during "rest" periods, presumably indicating drowsiness, were observed about equally in MBD and control children. Stimulant drugs raised arousal levels but did not reverse the responsivity deficits. The lower phasic reactivity in the MBD group and the effects of stimulant drugs on arousal indices confirm earlier reports. The finding of higher arousal in drug-free MBD children is incompatible with the low arousal hypothesis of MBD but is consistent with a previous report of the effects of a stimulating environment on these children.
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PMID:Pupillary and heart rate reactivity in children with minimal brain dysfunction. 63 54

Three cases (case 1, female, aged 30; case 2, male, aged 32; case 3, male, aged 34) of benign brainstem encephalopathy with truncal ataxia were reported. Two patients had prodromal symptoms Neurological examination revealed truncal ataxia in all cases. As additional neurological signs, anisocoria, mydriasis, nystagmus, ptosis, transient opsoclonus, and facial palsy were seen. There was neither drowsiness nor myoclonus in the three cases. On laboratory examinations, cold agglutination test revealed significant elevation in two cases. The examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed a moderate rise of proteins in one case, but did not revealed pleocytosis in any of the cases. Magnetic resonance imaging of one patient revealed an area of high intensity in the left pontine tegmentum by T2-weighed imaging. The prognosis for all these cases was good, and the reappearance of neurological signs was not present until now. Our cases were different from brainstem encephalitis (Bickerstaff's encephalitis) because of an absence of disturbed consciousness and no pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Our cases were also different from "myoclonus-opsoclonus syndrome" because of an absence of myoclonus. We discussed a possibility of a new clinical syndrome which we call "benign brainstem encephalopathy with truncal ataxia".
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PMID:[Benign brainstem encephalopathy with truncal ataxia--a clinical study of 3 cases]. 128 89

Inhibitory effects on acute nausea and emesis, safety and usefulness of a single oral dose of Ondansetron tablet were evaluated in 3 different dose levels for comparison by telephone registration system, in patients receiving non-platinum anti-cancer drugs. A single dose of ondansetron at 4 mg, 8 mg or 12 mg was given orally at 2 hrs before the initial administration of anti-cancer drugs. The patients were observed for 24 hours after administration of anti-cancer drugs, for occurrence of nausea and emesis. Efficacy rates of inhibitory effects on nausea and emesis were 83.3% (10/12 cases) in 4 mg dose group, 78.6% (11/14 cases) in 8 mg dose group and 84.6% (11/13 cases) in 12 mg dose group, without statistically significant difference. Side effects were observed in 3 cases (headache, cold feeling and trembling in limbs, sleepiness) in 12 mg dose group, but these symptoms were not severe and disappeared after several hours or several days. No abnormality in clinical laboratory findings attributable to Ondansetron was observed. From the above, it was considered that Ondansetron was a clinically useful anti-emetic for nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anti-cancer drugs and that 4 mg once daily was the optimal dose.
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PMID:[Examination of anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of single oral dose of ondansetron tablet in nausea and emesis induced by anti-cancer drugs--dose-finding study of ondansetron tablet in patients receiving non-platinum anti-cancer drugs]. 138 76

Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's disease), an accessual vascular acrosyndrome characterised by an important constriction of distal arterioles, has still no specific pharmacological therapy. In the last years, the use of calcium-entry-blockers (nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil, nicardipine), drugs able to control the contractility of the vessels, showed some positive results. Considering this data, we appraised the efficacy of flunarizine, another calcium-entry-blocker, in a preliminary study of 28 patients (23 females, 5 males, aged between 15 and 48 years) suffering from Raynaud's disease. Apart from a statistically insignificant improvement of subjective symptoms (i.e. acroparesthesias, cold extremities) flunarizine (10 mg/day for 1 month) did not have positive results. Finally, this drug caused some side-effects: drowsiness, increase of weight and appetite, but without a real necessity for withdrawal of therapy.
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PMID:[Raynaud's phenomenon and calcium blocking agents. A preliminary open study with flunarizine]. 182 7

The protective efficacy of oral cetirizine, a selective and potent H1-receptor antagonist, against the immediate bronchoconstrictive response to allergen inhalation and exercise challenge was evaluated in 16 subjects with stable, predominantly mild asthma. The subjects underwent double-blind, crossover pretreatments in randomized order in two separate protocols with (1) three daily oral doses of 20 mg of cetirizine and placebo, followed by allergen inhalation, and (2) single oral doses of cetirizine (5, 10, and 20 mg), albuterol (4 mg), and placebo, followed by exercise with cold-air inhalation. Cetirizine failed to decrease bronchial sensitivity to inhaled allergen in eight of 10 subjects. Neither cetirizine nor albuterol uniformly inhibited exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Serum concentrations of cetirizine were consistent with systemic H1-blocking activity. Modest bronchodilation occurred after administration of cetirizine and albuterol before exercise but not after the third dose of cetirizine in the allergen protocol. One subject developed moderate drowsiness during multiple dosing with cetirizine. Thus, cetirizine, in the doses studied, is not uniformly effective in preventing allergen- or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Histamine is one of many mediators participating in immediate asthmatic responses, and selective H1 antagonists do not completely block these airway events. However, cetirizine may still clinically benefit some patients with asthma, such as patients with allergic rhinitis or urticaria.
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PMID:Effects of oral cetirizine, a selective H1 antagonist, on allergen- and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma. 196 19

Myxedema results from hypofunction of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include dry skin, loss of and dryness of hair, mental apathy, drowsiness, and sensitivity to cold. Ocular complications associated with myxedema may be the symptoms that first prompt patients to seek a physician or cosmetic surgeon, however, though other symptoms may be present before eyelid myxedema occurs. The case reported here illustrates the value of a correct diagnosis and appropriate medical treatment, and demonstrates how surgical intervention to correct remaining eyelid problems can succeed when it is part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
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PMID:The rare presentation to the cosmetic and plastic surgeon of a patient with myxedema. 207 81

Six hundred and eighty two assessments were performed on 641 babies under 6 months of age who presented to the emergency department of the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, to try and determine the best markers of serious illness in young infants. Detailed, specific questions that quantified a baby's functional response to illness gave the most useful information. As a group, the six most common predictive symptoms of serious illness were: taking less than half the normal amount of feed over the preceding 24 hours, breathing difficulty, having less than four wet nappies in the preceding 24 hours, decreased activity, drowsiness, and a history of being both pale and hot. The presence of the corresponding sign on examination increased the predictive value of the symptom by 10-20%. Specific, highly predictive (though less common) signs included moderate to severe chest wall recession, respiratory grunt, cold calves, and a tender abdomen. A list of low, medium, and high risk symptoms has been constructed and the five measurements that were most useful in predicting serious illness in young infants have been detailed.
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PMID:Markers of serious illness in infants under 6 months old presenting to a children's hospital. 220 Dec 63

In the attempt to correlate clinical findings with serum levels of aldrin, sixteen patients were followed-up after acute intoxication by this agent. Eight of them, males and females, aged from 1 to 37 years, presented no or light symptoms (some discomfort and nausea). The serum of one of these patients was found to contain 16.6 ppb of aldrin and that of another, 1.41 ppb of dieldrin. A group of five patients, aged from two to 30 years, showed symptoms of moderate severity, reporting nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dyspnea, sweating, mild jerking, rise in blood pressure and convulsions. Of these cases, two were accidental and three were attempted suicides, the majority achieving complete recovery within 24 hours. Serum levels of aldrin were between 6.98 ppb and 26.3 ppb and of dieldrin between 82.00 and 314.18 ppb. We found three severe cases, aged from 21 to 35 years, two attempted suicides and one occupational case. Two of these patients died and one of them presented hypothermia, coma, absence of reflexes and generalized convulsions, and another presented abdominal pain, paleness, sweating, cold extremities, dyspnea, hyperthermia and generalized convulsions. In the first one that died the serum levels were: of aldrin 30.00 ppb and of dieldrin 720 ppb. In the other levels of 747.3 ppb of aldrin and 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin were found. The third had less serious symptoms and presented serum levels of aldrin of 31.05 ppb and of dieldrin 147.11 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute poisoning by aldrin: relationship between serum levels and toxic effects in humans]. 221 74

A multicentered trial compared the effects of the non-sedating antihistamine, loratadine, 5 mg plus pseudoephedrine 120 mg with a placebo on the signs and symptoms of the common cold. One hundred forty-two (142) subjects were treated with the loratadine/pseudoephedrine combination and 141 subjects were treated with placebo twice daily for five days. Evaluations by both subjects and physicians suggest that this antihistamine/decongestant combination is superior to placebo in relieving symptoms of the common cold. Specific differences were found in symptoms including nasal congestion, sneezing, postnasal drainage, and nasal discharge. Differences between groups for the following side effects were found: dry mouth (9% for the combination vs 2% for placebo), insomnia (6% vs 3%), and nervousness (4% vs 2%). There were no differences between groups for the frequency of drowsiness.
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PMID:The effectiveness of the nonsedating antihistamine loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in the symptomatic management of the common cold. 252 99


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