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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite methodological differences in the limited number of studies reviewed, it appears that cardiovascular responses at rest and during exercise in the cold differ between patients with CAD and healthy subjects (Figures 1 and 2). This difference remains, even when attempting to control for investigation time and conditions. Typical exercise time reported for patients with CAD exercising in the cold is 4 to 8 minutes, where HR and SBP are generally the same or higher. Data corresponding to a similar time frame (5-15 minutes) in healthy subjects show HR to be lower or no different, whereas SBP was similar in both studies. Logically, healthy subject's RPP values would be similar or lower in the cold, which may be a teleological development to conserve myocardial oxygen uptake in the face of elevated sympathetic stimulation during cold exposure. The lower HR would offset the cold-induced hypertension and also help to preserve cardiac output. In healthy subjects, cardiac output is similar in the cold despite a higher stroke volume (SV) due to the lower HR. However, the similar cardiac output reported by Epstein and colleagues in patients with CAD, both at rest and during exercise at 15 degrees C, was obtained by increases in SV and HR. A blunted peripheral vasoconstriction response in older subjects could lead to reduced central blood volume with a corresponding decrease in venous return and SV. An inability to maintain an appropriate SV in the cold by patients with CAD may be responsible for the elevated HR to maintain cardiac output. However, in healthy subjects, SV appears to have a triphasic response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A review of heart rate and blood pressure responses in the cold in healthy subjects and coronary artery disease patients. 852 83

Coumarin-related compounds, auraptene and umbelliferone, have been isolated from the cold-pressed oil of natsumikan (Citrus natsudaidai HAYATA), and tested as inhibitors of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation in Raji cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of auraptene (18 microM) was almost equal to that of genistein. Umbelliferone, which lacks a geranyloxyl group present in auraptene, was less active (IC50 = 450 microM). In a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (topical application at 0.19 mumol) and TPA (topical application at 1.6 nmol) in ICR mouse skin, topical application of auraptene (at 160 nmol) significantly reduced tumor incidence and the numbers of tumors per mouse by 27% (P < 0.01) and 23% (P < 0.05), respectively. Auraptene at a concentration of 50 microM markedly suppressed superoxide (O2-) generation induced by 100 microM TPA in differentiated human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. Having no O2(-)-scavenging potential, auraptene may inhibit the multicomponent NADPH oxidase system. Inhibition of intracellular hydroperoxide formation in differentiated HL-60 cells by auraptene was also confirmed by flow-cytometric analysis using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as a fluorescence probe. Quantitative analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography showed the occurrence of auraptene not only in both the peels and sarcocarps of natsumikan, but also in those of hassaku orange (C. hassaku) and grapefruit (C. paradisi), and even in their bottled fresh juice form. These results indicate that auraptene is a chemopreventer of skin tumorigenesis, and implies that suppression of leukocyte activation might be the mechanism through which it inhibits tumor promotion.
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PMID:Auraptene, a citrus coumarin, inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion in ICR mouse skin, possibly through suppression of superoxide generation in leukocytes. 924

In postinfection cold agglutination, certain cold agglutinin (CA) specificities are associated with distinct infectious agents. The combined occurrence of anti-I and anti-Sia-b1 CAs following Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been reported recently. After renal transplantation and hyperacute graft rejection, transiently occurring CAs were observed in an 18-year-old boy. The CAs were characterized by serum cold absorption with sialidase-treated red cells and warm elution from the cells. An anti-Sia-b1 CA could be differentiated from an accompanying low-liter anti-I. Fresh infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Epstein-Barr virus, rubella, and varicella viruses were excluded, but CMV infection was demonstrated. This is the first case of a postinfection anti-Sia-b1 CA associated with CMV infection.
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PMID:CMV-induced anti-Sia-b1 cold agglutinin in an immunocompromised patient. 935 71

Adenovirus large E1A, Epstein-Barr virus Zebra, and herpes simplex virus VP16 were studied as models of animal cell transcriptional activators. Large E1A can activate transcription from a TATA box, a result that leads us to suggest that it interacts with a general transcription factor. Initial studies showed that large E1A binds directly to the TBP subunit of TFIID. However, analysis of multiple E1A and TBP mutants failed to support the significance of this in vitro interaction for the mechanism of activation. Recent studies to be reported elsewhere indicate that conserved region 3 of large E1A, which is required for its activation function, binds to one subunit of a multisubunit protein that stimulates in vitro transcription in response to large E1A and other activators. A method was developed for the rapid purification of TFIID approximately 25,000-fold to near homogeneity from a cell line engineered to express an epitope-tagged form of TBP. Purified TFIID contains 11 major TAFs ranging in mass from approximately 250 to 20 kD. Zta and VP16, but not large E1A, greatly stimulate the rate and extent of assembly of a TFIID-TFIIA complex on promoter DNA (DA complex). For VP16, this is a function of the carboxy-terminal activation subdomain. An excellent correlation was found between the ability of VP16C mutants to stimulate DA complex assembly and their ability to activate transcription in vivo. Consequently, for a subset of activation domains, DA complex assembly activity is an important component of the overall mechanism of activation.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1998
PMID:Mechanisms of viral activators. 1038 88

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the predominant cause of the common cold. Although this disease is per se rather harmless, HRV infection is considered to set the stage for more dangerous pathogens in vivo. Here we demonstrate that HRV-14, a member of the major group HRV family, can efficiently inhibit antigen-induced T-cell proliferation and T-cell responses to allogeneic monocytes. HRV-14 triggered a significant downregulation of MHC class II molecules on monocytes. Moreover, supernatants from monocytes cultured in the presence of HRV-14 strongly reduced the allogeneic T-cell stimulatory property of untreated monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (md-DCs), whereas Epstein Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells were not sensitive. Analysis of the supernatant revealed that HRV-14 induced the production of significant amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. The important T-cell stimulatory cytokine IL-12 or the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta or TNF-alpha were not detected or were only minimally detected. Finally, monocytes pretreated with HRV-14 were greatly inhibited in their production of IL-12 upon stimulation with IFN-gamma/LPS. These observations suggest that altered cytokine production in mononuclear phagocytes upon interaction with HRV downmodulates appropriate immune responses during the viral infection.
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PMID:Human major group rhinoviruses downmodulate the accessory function of monocytes by inducing IL-10. 1051 Mar 36

Between June 1990 and August 1997, 304 mainly pediatric patients underwent a total of 311 orthotopic living related liver transplantations (LRLTs) under tacrolimus immunosuppression at Kyoto University Hospital. Congenital biliary atresia was the most common underlying disease. The donor was a parent, and the left lateral segments were used as grafts in most cases. The average number of loci of HLA-A, -B, and -DR mismatches between the donor and the recipient were 2.1. Forty-three transplants were ABO-incompatible. Liver histology at the time of abnormal liver function after transplantation was analyzed. Preservation injury was rare and mild. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) occurred in 36% of transplants during the first 6 months. Average rejection activity index (the Banff schema) was 4.2 and severe rejection was rarely seen. The number of mismatching HLA loci and immunosuppression regimens affected the incidence of ACR. Chronic rejection (CR) occurred in 2% of transplants. Concerning humoral rejection, no hyperacute rejection was seen. However, hepatic artery thrombosis (delayed hyperacute rejection) was seen in an ABO-incompatible transplant. Acute hepatitis, including those related to cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, occurred in 17% of transplants. Chronic hepatitis, including hepatitis B and C, developed in 3%. Acute or chronic cholangitis occurred in 16%, and a significantly higher incidence of cholangitis was found in ABO-incompatible transplants. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease developed in 2%. In LRLT, milder preservation injury and less frequent ACR and CR were suggested, probably because of the short cold-ischemia time and the advantages of HLA histocompatibility, respectively.
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PMID:Living related liver transplantation: histopathologic analysis of graft dysfunction in 304 patients. 1066 27

Cord red cell membranes express many differentiation-related molecules. To study such molecules, we have established human cell lines, termed GL-1 and GL-2, by the Epstein-Barr virus transformation method, both of which produce monoclonal anti-i cold agglutinin [Y. Nagatsuka et al., Immunol. Lett. 46 (1995) 93-100]. Thin layer chromatography immunoblotting analysis revealed that these antibodies had broad specificities reacting with a variety of glycolipid antigens. Of the immunoreactive lipid antigens, a new phosphoglycerolipid containing glucose from human cord red cells was found. The isolated lipid was unstable to alkaline hydrolysis and contained glucose as a sole sugar. Secondary ion mass spectrum-collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometric analysis of this lipid gave the main molecular ion peak at m/z 885 corresponding to phosphatidylhexose. This antigen was susceptible to phospholipases A2, C and D but resistant to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that glucose is linked to the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue with a beta-anomeric configuration. Based upon these combined results, we identified this lipid as phosphatidyl-beta-D-glucose. This is the first report showing the presence of the glucosylated glycerophospholipid in mammalian sources.
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PMID:A new phosphoglycerolipid, 'phosphatidylglucose', found in human cord red cells by multi-reactive monoclonal anti-i cold agglutinin, mAb GL-1/GL-2. 1137 29

We examined risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 265 recently diagnosed patients in North Carolina and South Carolina and 355 control subjects identified through driver's license records and frequency matched to patients by age, sex, and state. Analyses were limited to exposures before diagnosis (cases) or reference year (control subjects). SLE patients were more likely than control subjects to report a history of allergy to medications (odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-4.5), particularly to antibiotics. SLE risk increased with history of shingles (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.9) and with frequent (more than once per year) cold sores in the 3 years before diagnosis (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.4). There was little association with history of mononucleosis, a marker of late infection with Epstein-Barr virus, implanted medical devices, or hepatitis B vaccination. History of lupus in parents or siblings was associated with an increased risk (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-8.6). Further research is needed to clarify whether medication allergies and specific infectious agents are involved in the etiology of SLE. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
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PMID:Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history. 1246 74

It is well known that heart rate, oxygen uptake and body temperature during exercise in water are affected by water temperature, buoyancy, hydrostatic and so on. It has been reported that the central blood volume during immersion was affected by the increased external hydrostatic pressure and cold-induced peripheral vasoconstriction, and intrathoratic blood volume should be greater during cold than warm water immersion (Epstein, 1992). The purpose of this presentation study was to make clear heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen uptake and cardiac autonomic nervous system modulation during supine floating at water temperatures of 25, 35 and 41 degrees C.
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PMID:Effects of water temperature on cardiac autonomic nervous system modulation during supine floating. 1265 Jan 75

A 16-year-old girl presented signs of a common cold in combination with a hemolytic crisis. Within 3 days, she developed reduced consciousness and hemiparesis subsequently followed by coma. CT and MRI scans revealed evidence for raised intracranial pressure and an extensive inflammatory process extending from the brain stem up to the thalamus. The patient died within 3 weeks after onset of first symptoms of intracranial pressure despite maximum intensive care. Neuropathological examination revealed disseminated necrotic lesions and perivascular hemorrhages characteristic for acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Hurst's disease), mainly of the brain stem, diencephalon and cerebellum. Serological results, in situ hybridization and PCR analysis demonstrated an acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of the central nervous system. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Hurst's disease linked to EBV.
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PMID:Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Hurst's disease) linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1579 81


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