Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), were found to be cytotoxic at 15% degrees C in the presence of complement for a panel of human lymphocytes, with a higher frequency than those of matched controls. The cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LTA) responsible for this activity have the same properties as those described in sera from individuals with acute viral infections. The frequency and geometric mean titres (GMT) of LTA varied with the origin of the patient (Chinese larger than North African larger than Caucasian) and the stage of the disease (Stage IV larger than Stage I). A positive correlation between LTA and anti-EBV titres was found with regard to antibodies to the viral capsid antigen (VCA) and the EBV-specified nuclear antigen (EBNA). The absence of correlation between LTA and anti-early antigen (EA) titres probable reflects the complex relationships existing between viral infection and LTA production, but is compatible with the hypothesis that LTA acts as an immune regulatory mechanism in viral infections.
 ...
PMID:Cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 19 60

Smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) with specificity for actin, were found with a higher frequency in sera from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients than in sera from matched controls. No correlation could be found between SMA and anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titres. There was no parallelism, in individual sera, between the finding of SMA and the occurrence of cold lymphocytotoxins, aother antibody activity found with an abnormally high frequency among BL and NPC patients. The reason why actin, a weak antigen in experimental animals, may become immunogenic in humans remains unexplained.
 ...
PMID:Smooth muscle antibody in Burkitt's lymphoma and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 19 62

Cold agglutinins (CA) were evaluated prospectively in patients with various mononucleosis syndromes and in a large control group. Cold agglutinins with anti-i specificity were seen mainly in heterophil-positive or -negative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infectious mononucleosis (31.8% of cases). Unclassified CA with equal reactivity against cord and adult erythrocytes were seen in 56 of 150 (37.3%) cases of heterophil-antibody-positive infectious mononucleosis (IM), in 1 of 7 (14.3%) cases of heterophil-negative EBV-induced IM, and in 12 of 31 (38.7%) cases of the heterophil-negative mononucleosis-like syndrome due to cytomegalovirus or other unspecified agents. One patient with heterophil-positive IM had a persistent, partially papain sensitive CA with anti-Pr-like activity. Anti-i CA were seen in less than 1.0% of healthy young adults (500) or patients without mononucleosis (500) submitted for heterophil studies. Unclassified CA were noted in 3.2% of the latter 1000 samples.
 ...
PMID:Cold agglutinins in infectious mononucleosis and heterophil-antibody-negative mononucleosis-like syndromes. 19 43

The proteins encoded by bacteriophage T4 genes 41, 45, 44, and 62 are known from the genetic studies of Epstein et al. ((1963) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28, 375--394) to be required for viral DNA synthesis. A convenient assay for each of these proteins is described which is based on the specific stimulation by each protein of DNA synthesis in extracts of Escherichia coli infected with mutants of bacteriophage T4 unable to make that protein. The T4 41 protein, 45 protein, and the complex of the 44 and 62 proteins have been highly purified. For each protein there is co-chromatography during the final purification step of (i) activity in the complementation assay, (ii) activity required for DNA synthesis with other purified T4 proteins, and (iii) a subunit of the size previously identified as that of the corresponding gene product.
 ...
PMID:DNA replication with bacteriophage T4 proteins. Purification of the proteins encoded by T4 genes 41, 45, 44, and 62 using a complementation assay. 37 24

We examined the ability of hot-water extracts of 66 vegetables and plants to suppress tumor promotion, as well as to scavenge lipid peroxide radicals in vitro. To assess the effect against tumor promotion (transformation) in vitro, we used the phorbol myristate acetate/Epstein-Barr virus/B-lymphocyte system. To assess the lipid radical-scavenging effect, the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence method using the tert-butyl hydroperoxide/heme system was used, which generates more alkyl peroxide radical (ROO.) than alkyl (R.) and alkoxyl (RO.) radicals. The results showed a significant correlation between the anti-tumor-promoting effect and the lipid radical-scavenging effect (r = 0.82). We found that boiled extracts of green leaves of carrot, crucifers, and beans (black bean, red bean, mung bean, and soybean) had the greatest anti-tumor-promoter and radical-scavenging activities. Cold-water extracts of vegetables generally exhibited only about 10% or less of the activity of the hot-water extracts.
 ...
PMID:High correlation between lipid peroxide radical and tumor-promoter effect: suppression of tumor promotion in the Epstein-Barr virus/B-lymphocyte system and scavenging of alkyl peroxide radicals by various vegetable extracts. 133 Oct 5

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific CD4-positive T cells are known to lyse targets expressing VZV antigen, but little is known of the glycoprotein specificity or phenotype of these cells. To test the ability of T cells to distinguish between gpI and gpIV (which share an antibody-defined epitope), we prepared clones from blood from four healthy individuals by limiting dilution. Among 68 T-cell clones from four donors which were VZV specific in tests of proliferation, 30 lysed autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblasts which had been superinfected with a recombinant vaccinia virus which included the whole VZV gpI sequence. These clones were characterized as major histocompatibility complex class II restricted by inhibition of their cytotoxicity with HLA-DR and CD4 monoclonal antibodies. Twenty-one clones lysed targets expressing gpIV. Fifteen of these clones lysed targets expressing gpI and gpIV. Four clones with gpI-gpIV specificity were examined in detail, and their dual specificity was confirmed by cold target inhibition. These four clones failed to kill target cells infected with a mutant gpIV recombinant vaccinia virus from which amino acid residues 212 to 354 had been deleted. This region includes one of the two gpIV decapeptides which have 50% homology with amino acids 111 to 121 of gpI. Our data confirm that T-cell-receptor-associated structures are required for specific lysis of VZV targets and indicate that (i) gpI-specific CD4 cytotoxic T cells outnumber gpIV-specific T cells in blood and (ii) 50% of gpI-specific T-cell clones also lyse gpIV-expressing targets.
 ...
PMID:Specific lysis of targets expressing varicella-zoster virus gpI or gpIV by CD4+ human T-cell clones. 134 45

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), CD3+, alpha/beta T-cell-receptor-positive, are important effector cells with specific immunity in melanoma patients. The establishment and expansion in vitro of CTL of a specific phenotype to tumor cells strongly depends on the method of activation and sensitization with tumor cells. We generated CD3+ CTL lines to melanoma by co-culturing peripheral blood lymphocytes with autologous irradiated melanoma cells and repetitive stimulation with high-dose interleukin-4 in a "cocktail" culture medium. CTL lines were investigated for their specificity to kill autologous and allogeneic melanoma. Histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) class I (A, B) molecules are important restrictive recognition antigens for CTL. Although these antigens are highly polymorphic, they can share a similar immunogenic molecular epitope(s) and can be immunologically cross-reactive. The CTL lines generated were found to kill not only autologous melanoma, but also allogeneic melanomas having class I HLA-A antigens shared or "cross-reactive" with autologous HLA-A. These CTL lines were poor killers of melanomas bearing non-shared or non-cross-reactive HLA-A. Cold-target inhibition assays demonstrated this CTL cross-reactivity to allogeneic melanoma specificity. Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed autologous and allogeneic B lymphoblastoid cell lines failed to block autologous melanoma killing, indicating that CTL were not recognizing major histocompatibility complex antigens, serum proteins or culture medium products as the primary target antigen. HLA-A2 was the major shared HLA-A antigen recognized by CTL lines on the melanoma lines studied. CTL lines also recognized shared HLA-A11 and A24 on allogeneic melanoma. There were no CTL lines showing restriction to HLA-B. These results suggest that common tumor-associated antigens are present on melanomas and are recognized in association with distinct HLA-A epitopes by CTL.
 ...
PMID:Cytotoxic T cell lines recognize autologous and allogeneic melanomas with shared or cross-reactive HLA-A. 137 43

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized monoclonal B-cell lines were established from CD5+ and CD5- cord-blood B cells. IgM from many of both CD5+ and CD5- clones reacted with IgG-Fc, ssDNA, and a variety of other autoantigens. More CD5+ B cells that used light chains of the kappa isotype reacted with IgG-Fc and ssDNA than kappa-bearing CD5- B cells. Because many of the clones reacted with IgG-Fc, they were analyzed for the expression of cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI) associated with rheumatoid factor and cold agglutinin paraproteins using murine antibodies (mAb) recognizing V kappa and VH subgroup-associated determinants. Expression of the V kappa IIIb sub-subgroup-associated idiotope recognized by 17.109 mAb was expressed at significantly higher frequency (32%; p less than 0.05) and IgM antibodies derived from the CD5+ compared with the CD5- clones (5%). Both CD5+ and CD5- clones expressed the RF paraprotein-associated idiotope recognized by G8 mAb to the same extent. Similar results were obtained using binding to SpA as a marker of VH III family usage. Furthermore, no differences in frequency of expression of RF paraprotein-associated idiotopes recognized by B6 and/or D12, and characteristic of some antibodies using VH III family genes, were found between the CD5+ and CD5- populations. Although a higher than expected frequency of VH IV-gene expression was demonstrated (around 30%) in both CD5+ and CD5- cells, there were differences in expression of CRI recognized by mAb Lc1 and R2.1A2 with specificities for two VH IV subfamilies. While some CD5+ and CD5- clones were identified in which their IgM reacted with mAb Lc1, only CD5+ clones were recognized by another mAb R2.1A2. Analysis of the relationships between antigen specificities and V kappa- and VH-family gene usage indicated that auto- or polyreactivity was not associated with V kappa III nor any particular VH family. The higher frequency of the V kappa IIIb sub-subgroup-associated idiotope recognized by 17-109 in the CD5+ clones and the association of CD5+ B cells with the VH IV subfamily recognized by mAb R2.1A2 and 9G4 may suggest that CD5+ B cells in cord blood are expanded as a result of recruitment within the fetal environment.
 ...
PMID:Specificity and idiotope expression of IgM produced by CD5+ and CD5- cord blood B-cell clones. 137 73

A 19-year-old girl fell ill with a high temperature and cervical lymphadenopathy. The detection of heterophile antibodies as well as Epstein-Barr-virus-specific antibodies confirmed the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. In the course of the infection, the patient developed severe hemolytic anemia with her hemoglobin falling from 14 to 8 g/dl. High-dose corticosteroid therapy did not stop hemolysis; this could only be achieved by seven plasmapheresis sessions. Antibodies against triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and the blood group marker 'i' were found in the patient's serum. Anti-i cold agglutinins were not active at 37 degrees C, whereas antibodies against TPI caused increased 51Cr release from marked patient's erythrocytes in vitro. Plasmapheresis removed the autoantibodies effectively and stopped the hemolysis. After 8 weeks, the patient gradually recovered.
 ...
PMID:Successful plasmapheresis in corticosteroid-resistant hemolysis in infectious mononucleosis: role of autoantibodies against triosephosphate isomerase. 146 97

In hepatic transplantation, the recipient and the graft must manage a difficult symbiosis. The causes that can unbalance the mutual adaptation are various, but the clinical-biochemical hepatic graft syndromes they produce are not specific. Morphological study of the graft shows a distinct pattern for each type of dysfunction etiopathogeny. Such study may find: (1) immune attack: acute rejection or chronic rejection; (2) technical complications in the biliary tract or in the blood perfusion of the graft; (3) nonspecific cholestasis secondary to graft cold ischemia or preceding development of chronic rejection; (4) recurrence of the previous illness: graft infected by hepatitis virus; (5) opportunistic viral infections (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus, adenovirus); (6) reactions to drugs and toxics; and (7) combinations of several etiologies. Morphological knowledge enables the pathologist to collaborate in hepatic transplantation programs: elaborating protocols, selecting patients, diagnosing hepatic graft dysfunction, and assessing program quality.
 ...
PMID:The role of histopathology in hepatic transplantation. 152 58


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>