Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with functioning renal allografts requiring aortic reconstruction pose a considerable challenge to the vascular surgeon. A variety of strategies for renal allograft preservation during intervention have been described including hypothermia, indwelling shunts, cold renal perfusion, axillofemoral bypass, and endovascular stent-grafting. Reported here are two cases of successful aortic reconstruction utilizing standard open surgical techniques designed simply to minimize warm renal ischemia. The first case was that of a 55 year-old patient with a functional renal allograft originating from the right external iliac artery, who presented acutely with large symptomatic aortic and bilateral iliac artery aneurysms. He was treated with aorto-right femoral/left iliac bypass grafting. The right femoral anastomosis was performed first so that warm renal ischemia was limited to the 34 min required to perform the proximal end-to-end aortic anastomosis. The second case was that of a 44-year-old patient also with a transplanted kidney originating from the right external iliac artery. He presented with worsening hypertension, decreasing renal function, claudication, and severe aortoiliac occlusive disease. He was treated with aorto-left femoral bypass grafting via a retroperitoneal approach, followed by femorofemoral crossover bypass for retrograde perfusion of the kidney (total warm ischemia time 20 min). Both patients recovered uneventfully without a decrement in renal function and remain well on follow-up. It is concluded that standard open surgery without adjunctive shunts or bypasses remains a viable treatment option for these patients, provided warm renal ischemia can be minimized.
...
PMID:Aortic reconstruction in patients with functioning renal allografts. 1240 42

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is rarely associated witha congenital pelvic kidney. To date only 11 cases have been reported in the literature in which a solitary pelvic' kidney was associated in only 1 patient. Repair of thesaneurysm is technically demanding because the abnormal origin of the renal arteries presents the problem of renal ischemia duringaortic cross-clamping. We report a case of a 77-year-old man who was found to have an AAA associated with a congenital solitary pelvic kidney. An abdominal aortography dearly showed 2 aberrant renal arteries, one of which originated from the aortic wall just above the aortic bifurcation and the other from the left common iliac artery. At surgery, we found other associated anomalies including malrotation of the gut and a left undescended testis. The surgical procedure consisted of an aneurysmorrhaphy followed by a tube graft replacement with therenal arteries being left intact to the distal aortic wall or below. Renal preservation during aortic cross-clamping was achieved by direct perfusion of the upper renal artery with cold lactated Ringer's solution together with topical cooling with ice slush. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Urinary output was satisfactory and serum creatinine level remained unchanged throughout his hospital stay. The renal preservation method used in this case was simple and effective.
...
PMID:Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with a congenital solitary pelvic kidney. A case report. 1573 73

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of renal ischemia, cold preservation and reperfusion on the degree of renal kidney senescence. An experimental model of ex vivo renal hemoperfusion was used. Expression of p16(INK4a), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(Kip1) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes (CDKIGs) was studied immunohistochemically in kidney biopsy samples at baseline and different time points after reperfusion. All three markers were up-regulated in kidney tissue after the reperfusion; however, their activation in different renal cells varied according to the reperfusion time. Expression of p16 was significantly increased in tubular cells at 180 min of reperfusion when compared with the baseline. Activation of p27 was detected in glomerular cells at 15 min and was significantly higher at 60, 120 and 180 min of reperfusion. The marker started increasing in tubular cells at 15 min and was elevated at every time point afterwards. p21 was significantly over-expressed in all renal cells after the reperfusion. It has been shown by the results of the current study that renal ischemia/reperfusion is associated with over-expression of CDKIGs indicating on substantial DNA damage and/or accelerated tissue senescence. For the first time it has been shown that tissue expression of CDKIGs is positively related with the reperfusion time.
...
PMID:Up-regulation of cell cycle regulatory genes after renal ischemia/reperfusion: differential expression of p16(INK4a), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(Kip1) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes depending on reperfusion time. 1635 79

Experiments in rodents have demonstrated an important role for selectins in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the relevance of this in larger mammals, as well as the impact on long-term structure and function is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that small molecule selectin ligand inhibition attenuates IRI, cellular inflammation, and long-term effects on renal interstitial fibrosis. We used a porcine model of kidney IRI and used Texas Biotechnology Corporation (TBC)-1269, a selectin ligand inhibitor. Renal function, tissue inflammation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis development were evaluated up to 16 weeks. Both warm and cold ischemia models were studied for relevance to native and transplant kidney injury. Pigs treated with TBC-1269 during 45 min of warm ischemia (WI) showed significantly increased glomerular filtration rate compared to control animals. In pigs with severe IRI (WI for 60 min), TBC-1269 treatment during IRI significantly increased renal recovery. Cellular inflammation was strongly reduced, particularly influx of CD4 cells. Quantitative measurement of fibrosis by picrosirius red staining showed strong reduction in TBC-1269-treated groups. TBC-1269 also reduced cold IRI, inflammation, and fibrosis in kidneys preserved for 24 h at 4 degrees C and autotransplanted. The selectin ligand inhibitor TBC-1269 provides a novel and effective approach to attenuate IRI in both warm and cold ischemia in large mammals, in both short and long terms. Selectin ligand inhibition is an attractive strategy for evaluation in human kidney IRI.
...
PMID:Protective role of selectin ligand inhibition in a large animal model of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. 1662 50

The administration of a cyclic nucleotide analog improves cold ischemia/reperfusion injury in several organs. The type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor olprinone is a potent stimulus that enhances cellular cAMP levels. The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of enhanced intracellular cAMP levels by olprinone in rat orthotopic kidney transplantation. Autotransplantation and immediate contralateral nephrectomy were performed in Lewis rats after 18 hours of graft storage at 4 degrees C in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution with or without 25 microg/mL olprinone hydrochloride. At 2 hours after reperfusion, serum and urinary biochemical indicators of renal dysfunction and injury were measured: serum creatinine, fractional excretion of Na+ and urinary N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase. Additionally, intracellular cAMP in kidney tissues was measured by a radioimmunology method. Compared to the only UW solution group, olprinone hydrochloride significantly reduced the increased in serum creatinine, FENa and NAG caused by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, after 2 hours of reperfusion. The content of cAMP at the endpoint of 18 hours cold preservation was significantly greater in the UW plus olprinone hydrochloride group than that in the UW group. Two hours after reperfusion, the content of cAMP in the UW plus olprinone hydrochloride group was still significantly higher than that in the UW group without containing olprinone hydrochloride. These results support a beneficial effect of olprinone against cold ischemia and reperfusion injury via an increased intracellular cAMP levels.
...
PMID:The enhancement of cellular cAMP with olprinone protects autotransplanted rat kidney against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury. 1679 61

Over the past ten years nephron sparing surgery for renal cancer has been compared to radical nephrectomy for what concern oncological results, even in elective situations but it is necessary to consider functional results (renal function) as well. Clamping renal artery, inducing a temporary renal ischemia that might represent the major known cause of permanent renal damage, is advised for both open and laparoscopic conservative approach. Data from literature show that before the clamping, the patient should be adequately hydrated and receive mannitol. Ischemia should last preferentially less than 30 minutes and kidney cooling should be advised in case of more prolonged ischemia. Artery reclamping should be avoided. Both in warm and cold ischemia, the renal tissue should be perfused by mannitol once the circulation is resumed.
...
PMID:The effects of renal ischemia on kidney function in renal cancer conservative surgery. 1713 28

Despite the causative role of oxidative stress in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury effects of preservation solutions on reactive oxygen species (ROS) release have not been sufficiently evaluated. We compared the effects of most common solutions in kidney transplantation, University of Wisconsin (UW) and Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK). ROS formation in isolated perfused rat kidney was detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy using spin label 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine. Donor kidneys from Lewis rats were pretreated with saline (controls), in therapeutic groups, kidneys underwent 18 h of cold storage (CS) preserved by HTK or UW solution. Experimental protocol included a stabilization period followed by additional I-R. Kidneys preserved by HTK produced highest ROS values in the control period after CS, whereas levels in UW and control group did not vary significantly. A peak release induced by additional I-R was also significantly highest in HTK kidneys, and UW did not differ from controls. During reperfusion, levels in HTK exceeded control and UW values. Renal vascular resistance, caspase-3-activity, and tissue hydration were enhanced in HTK compared with UW group, whereas ATP concentration was less reduced in UW-preserved tissue. These data show the greater antioxidative potential of UW solution, which also attenuated organ impairment after CS in the early reperfusion period.
...
PMID:Evaluation of preservation solutions by ESR-spectroscopy: superior effects of University of Wisconsin over Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate in reducing renal reactive oxygen species. 1731 Oct 72

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is increasingly performed all over the world. However, as in its open counterpart, achieving a satisfactory haemostasis may be challenging. Our goal is to describe the different methods employed to control bleeding during LPN. We performed a non-structured review of the literature on the different haemostatic methods used during LPN. The techniques and materials used are divided into two main groups: LPN with ischemia and LPN without ischemia. The techniques to achieve warm, cold and regional ischemia are described. Energy sources and sealants are discussed in the section on LPN without ischemia. Case selection is of capital importance in the choice the appropriate haemostatic tools for LPN. Some refinements, related to the nature of the laparoscopic procedure, are still required to reach an effective cold ischemia. A broad variety of energy sources have been tested in animal models and in human setting. Major disadvantages are tissue scarring, smoke creation and low progression speed. To date none has been demonstrated to be superior to the conventional suturing. Fibrin and thrombin promoters as bio-glues are an important adjuvant method during LPN. Bipolar current devices together with fibrin sealants or coagulation promoters are used in small peripheral tumors. In bigger or central tumors, additionally suturing over Surgicel bolsters, the most popular technique is to secure the suture by means of clips. The level of the recommendations is based on comparative cohorts. We conclude that haemostasis is achieved during LPN adapting the protocols used in open nephron sparing surgery to the laparoscopic approach. Renal ischemia and bolster sutures are still mandatory in complicated LPN while in case of small exophytic tumors a satisfactory haemostasis may be achieved by using only a sealant product.
...
PMID:Haemostasis in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: current status. 1736 75

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major complication of kidney transplantation. We tested if ex vivo delivery of carbon monoxide (CO) to the kidney would ameliorate the renal injury of cold storage that can complicate renal transplantation. Orthotopic syngeneic kidney transplantation was performed in Lewis rats following 24 h of cold preservation in University of Wisconsin solution equilibrated without or with CO (soluble CO levels about 40 microM). Ischemia/reperfusion injury in control grafts resulted in an early upregulation of inflammatory mediator mRNAs and progressive deterioration of graft function. In contrast, the grafts preserved with CO had significantly less oxidative injury and this was associated with improved recipient survival compared to the control group. Renal injury in the control group showed considerable degradation of cytochrome P450 heme proteins, active heme metabolism and increased detrimental intracellular free heme levels. Kidney grafts preserved in CO-equilibrated solution maintained their cytochrome P450 protein levels, had normal intracellular heme levels and had less lipid peroxidation. Our results show that CO-mediated suppression of injurious heme-derived redox reactions offers protection of kidney grafts from cold ischemia/reperfusion injury.
...
PMID:Ex vivo carbon monoxide prevents cytochrome P450 degradation and ischemia/reperfusion injury of kidney grafts. 1882 98

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is characterized by severe inflammatory damage. We assessed the effect of administrating recently developed nitrosothiol compounds acting as nitric oxide (NO) donors on the production of cytokines and other markers of acute inflammatory reaction in an experimental model of warm (I/R), and in a model of cold ischemia and transplant in rats. Warm ischemia was achieved by ligation of left renal pedicle for 60 min, followed by contralateral nephrectomy. NO-donors LA-803, LA-807, LA-810 were administered i.v. (1.8 micromol/kg) during 30 min before reperfusion. Cold ischemia was achieved by preservating the kidney for 24 h in Euro Collins and grafting it in consanguineous Fisher 344/Ico rats. LA-803 was administered in the preservation fluid and in the recipient rat. Reperfusion time was 4 h in warm ischemia and 3 h in cold ischemia + transplantation. Administration of LA-803, LA-807 and, in a lower proportion, LA-810 prevented from the enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the decrease in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), the increase in tissue level of superoxide anion (SOA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the increase in neutrophil infiltration induced by warm I/R. Treatment with LA-803 in animals with renal transplantation after cold ischemia was also associated with reduced plasma levels of TNF, IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta, increased plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10, reduced renal levels of SOA and SOD, and reduced neutrophil infiltration. These data demonstrate that systemic administration of new NO-donors with nitrosothiol structure diminished inflammatory responses in a kidney subjected to warm I/R or cold ischemia and transplantation.
...
PMID:Protective effect of new nitrosothiols on the early inflammatory response to kidney ischemia/reperfusion and transplantation in rats. 1951 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>

---