Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two sera demonstrated non-HLA lymphocytotoxicity on the basis of reactivity with the cells of siblings genotypically identical to the serum donors for the major histocompatibility complex. These two sera, Bl and Caf, once contaminating HLA antibodies were removed by absorption with pooled platelets, demonstrated allogeneic lymphocytotoxicity that was restricted to T lymphocytes. Reactivity of the absorbed sera segregated independently of the major histocompatibility complex in 3 of 12 families tested. Unlike both cold lymphotoxins and HLA antibodies, the absorbed sera showed little temperature sensitivity against allogeneic cells, although reactivity of the Bl serum to autologous cells and to cells of the donor's HLA identical sibling did show a decrease with increasing temperature and restriction of activity to the 19S-containing fraction. Granulocytes were unreactive with the absorbed sera. Such sera may provide probes of minor transplantation antigens or markers, or both, of lymphoid subpopulations.
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PMID:T cell-specific human alloantisera-detecting antigens segregating outside the major histocompatibility complex. 6 7

Previous studies of multiple sclerosis patients showed the existence of a positive association between multiple sclerosis and HLA-A3 and B7, as well as a negative association with B12, These observations have been confirmed. In addition, a more marked association has been observed with two recently identified B-cell antigens, DRW2 and DRW3, closely related to HLA-D locus. The presence of cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies was found to bear no relationship with those two specificities. These results suggest that two genes of the HLA-DR region may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:[HLA-DRW antigens and multiple sclerosis]. 8 71

Previous studies of multiple sclerosis patients showed the existence of a positive association between multiple sclerosis and HLA--A3 and --B7, as well as a negative association with B12. These observations have been confirmed. In addition, a more marked association has been observed with two recently identified B-cell antigens, DRw2 and DRw3, closely related to the HLA--D locus. The presence of cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies was found to bear no relationship with those two specificities. These results suggest that two genes of the HLA--DR region may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Increased frequency of HLA--DRw2 and DRw3 in multiple sclerosis. 9 Dec 12

Short-term culture of acute myelogenous leukemia patient's remission lymphocytes with inactivated autologous leukemic blast cells plus allogeneic lymphocytes, generated effector T lymphocytes which were cytotoxic for the specific autologous blast cell in 11 of 14 patients studied. Experiments using Daudi and Molt 4 lymphoblastoid cell lines as third-party helper cell suggest that an HLA D locus incompatability is necessary to provide effective help in this system. Cold target inhibition experiments, crossover studies between pairs of patients, and experiments with allogeneic leukemic blast cells as priming stimulus suggest that the target antigen is only present on the specific autologous blast cell.
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PMID:Autologous leukemia-specific T-cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. 30 61

Cold non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins were found to be principally reactive against B lymphocytes. These antibodies were studied in 1335 patients with a wide range of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, Hashimoto's disease, asthma, diabetes, lymphoma, psoriasis, leukemia, multiple sclerosis, and also in healthy donors. Antibodies reactive to B lymphocytes in the cold or warm test conditions were not directed against HLA specificities. Since B lymphocytes differ from T lymphocytes principally in that they have surface immunoglobulin, it is postulated that at least one target antigen of cold lymphocyte cytotoxins is not a virus, infectious agent, or a genetically determined structural antigen, but, rather, simply immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins in various diseases. 31 13

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were digested briefly with protease prior to application of indirect immunofluorescence techniques for detecting alloantibodies in sera of patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. Background staining of intrinsic surface IgM and cytophilic IgG bound to Fc receptors was eliminated or greatly reduced, enabling detection of B cell specific antibodies, including cold-reactive types not demonstrable by conventional immunofluorescence or complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity. The antigenicity of HLA and other surface membrane determinants was not decreased by protease, although reactivity with certain sera was enhanced. In experiments comparing indirect immunofluorescence using protease-treated cells with complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity and antibody-dependent, lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assays, indirect immunofluorescence was more sensitive and comprehensive, but not less specific, in defining alloantibodies of a variety of types.
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PMID:Utility of protease-digested human peripheral blood lymphocytes for the detection of lymphocyte-reactive alloantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. 31 72

It is well known that IgM antibodies are inactive for the LDA test. Moreover, this work showed 7 S IgM to be just as inactive as 19 S IgM. With HLA antibodies, usually IgG, this work showed that the LDA test was not inhibited by a temperature of + 15 instead of + 37 degrees C. With cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies 19 S and 7 S IgM the LDA test was negative even at + 15 degrees C (optimum temperature for these complement dependant lymphocytotoxic antibodies) with or without prolonged incubation. Under these same conditions, a negative result was obtained using auto-lymphocytes as a target. Finally, our results confirmed that IgM antibodies with anti-HLA activity could not act as mediators even for targets with corresponding HLA activity.
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PMID:[Study of the antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test as a function of the nature of the antibodies]. 32 86

A statistical method which accounts for the heterogeneity of clinical materials is presented and applied to a material of necrokidney transplantations. It is concluded that the recipient sex and the period in which the transplantation was performed are the most important factors (best prognosis for female recipients, best programs for transplantations in the first periods) and that the HLA-match grade has a significant influence on graft survival for male recipients and transplantations with short cold ischemia time. The present analysis has furthermore demonstrate the heterogeneity of the material as judged by the associations between factors and the overestimation of the influence of some of the factors by direct comparisons.
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PMID:The influence of 13 clinical and immunological factors on renal graft survival: a contingency table analysis. 35 1

Six serial dilutions of 51 sera from pretransplant patients were reacted against T and B lymphocytes at 5 degrees C and 37 degrees C. By the use of defined panels of T and B lymphocytes it could be shown that 10% of the 51 positive sera contained T-warm antibodies against HLA-A, -B, and -C specificities. There were 28% of the sera that had antibodies against non-HLA antigens reactive to B lymphocytes in the cold. Other sera contained mixtures of HLA and non-HLA antibodies. By dilution analysis of the sera, the mixtures could be detected and the HLA specificities identified. This ability to distinguish between HLA and non-HLA antibodies should be important in classifying pretransplant patients into high- and low-risk patients. Prior evidence that we have presented suggests that the non-HLA antibodies may be enhancing antibodies.
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PMID:Dilutions and specificity analysis of pretransplant sera. 37 26

Neutrophil antigens may be classified into two major categories: antigens shared with other cells and antigens specific for neutrophils. The first category includes the ABH, I, i, 5a,b and HLA determinants. Additional antigens with special characteristics in this category are the blood-group U, Kx, JkaJkb, and Ge determinants which apparently neutrophils share only with erythrocytes. Neutrophil-specific antigens include the NA1, NA2, NB1 and 9a. These specificities are detected by the agglutination test and have been shown to be present on mature neutrophils. Independent allospecificities, detectable by the granulocytotoxicity test, may also exist. In addition, neutrophil antigens, which are species-specific, have been identified by the use of xenogeneic antibodies. The EDTA-dependent agglutination test remains a most reliable assay for the study of neutrophil-specific antigens. The lack of reproducibility known in the leukoagglutination reaction does not pertain to the modification used in the assay of neutrophil-specific antibodies. It does apply, however, to those tests that were performed in the absence of EDTA, and in connection to the study of HLA-related antigens. For every pathophysiological state involving the erythrocyte antigens a neutrophil analogue is observed, the difference being in symptomatology which is related to the structural and functional characteristics of the cells: febrile and pulmonary transfusion reactions result from incompatibility neutrophils. It is found that similarity in the HLA antigens and nonreactivity in the MLC test do not preclude immunization against neutrophil-specific antigens. Therefore, it is probable that febrile and pulmonary reactions will occur in the recipients of multiple granulocyte transfusions, even though donors and recipients may be considered "histocompatible" by the HLA assays. It has been shown that fetal-maternal incompatibility can cause neonatal neutropenia, and several forms of autoimmune neutropenia are described: in "idiopathic" neutropenia of infancy, autoantibodies have been found to have specificity against NA1 and NA2 and in one adult, autoimmune neutropenia due to anti-NA1 antibody has been observed. Neutropenia also occurs due to idiopathic, cold-reacting antileukocyte antibodies, and with cold agglutinins associated with lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. Although the role of neutrophil antigens in bone marrow transplantation has not as yet been determined, these antigens are undoubtedly immunogenic and potentially play an important role in neutrophil compatibility. It is obvious that neutrophils cannot survive in the presence of antineutrophil antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Neutrophil antigens: immunology and clinical implications. 40 Jul 55


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