Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Headache occasionally occurs during or after scuba diving. Although its significance often is benign, headache may signal a serious neurological disorder in some circumstances. In addition to the usual causes of headache, the diagnostic evaluation should consider otic and paranasal sinus barotrauma, arterial gas embolism, decompression sickness, carbon dioxide retention, carbon monoxide toxicity, hyperbaric-triggered migraine, cervical and temporomandibular joint strain, supraorbital neuralgia, carotid artery dissection, and exertional and cold stimulus headache syndromes. Focal neurologic symptoms, even in the migraineur, should not be ignored, but rather treated with 100% oxygen acutely and referred without delay to a facility with a hyperbaric chamber.
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PMID:Headache and facial pain in scuba divers. 1522 93

Several studies have shown that atmospheric conditions can affect well-being or disease, and that some individuals seem to be more sensitive to weather than others. Since epidemiological data on the prevalence of weather-related health effects are lacking, two representative weather sensitivity (WS) surveys were conducted independently in Germany and Canada. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to identify the prevalence of WS in Germany and Canada, (2) to describe weather-related symptoms and the corresponding weather conditions, and (3) to compare the findings in the two countries. In Germany 1,064 citizens (age >16 years) were interviewed in January 2001, and in Canada 1,506 persons (age >18 years) were interviewed in January 1994. The results showed that 19.2% of the German population thought that weather affected their health "to a strong degree," 35.3% that weather had "some influence on their health" (sum of both = 54.5% weather sensitive), whereas the remaining 45.5% did not consider that weather had an effect on their health status. In Canada 61% of the respondents considered themselves to be sensitive to the weather. The highest prevalence of WS (high + some influence) in Germans was found in the age group older than 60 years (68%), which was almost identical in the Canadian population (69%). The highest frequencies of weather-related symptoms were reported in Germany for stormy weather (30%) and when it became colder (29%). In Canada mainly cold weather (46%), dampness (21%) and rain (20%) were considered to affect health more than other weather types. The most frequent symptoms reported in Germany were headache/migraine (61%), lethargy (47%), sleep disturbances (46%), fatigue (42%), joint pain (40%), irritation (31%), depression (27%), vertigo (26%), concentration problems (26%) and scar pain (23%). Canadian weather-sensitive persons reported colds (29%), psychological effects (28%) and painful joints, muscles or arthritis (10%). In Germany 32% of the weather-sensitive subjects reported themselves to be unable to do their regular work because of weather-related symptoms at least once in the previous year, and 22% of them several times. Co-morbidity was significantly higher in weather-sensitive subjects both in Germany and Canada. These results clearly showed the important impact of WS on public health and the economy. These findings prompted us to start studies on the causal factors of weather-related health effects.
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PMID:Prevalence of weather sensitivity in Germany and Canada. 1533 86

Unpleasant sensory symptoms are commonly reported in association with the use of 5-HT1B/1D-agonists, i.e. triptans. In particular, pain/pressure symptoms from the chest and neck have restricted the use of triptans in the acute treatment of migraine. The cause of these triptan induced side-effects is still unidentified. We have now tested the hypothesis that sumatriptan influences the perception of tactile and thermal stimuli in humans in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Two groups were tested; one consisted of 12 (mean age 41.2 years, 10 women) subjects with migraine and a history of cutaneous allodynia in association with sumatriptan treatment. Twelve healthy subjects (mean age 38.7 years, 10 women) without migraine served as control group. During pain- and medication-free intervals tactile directional sensibility, perception of dynamic touch (brush) and thermal sensory and pain thresholds were studied on the dorsal side of the left hand. Measurements were performed before, 20, and 40 min after injection of 6 mg sumatriptan or saline. Twenty minutes after injection, sumatriptan caused a significant placebo-subtracted increase in brush-evoked feeling of unpleasantness in both groups (P < 0.01), an increase in brush-evoked pain in migraineurs only (P = 0.021), a reduction of heat pain threshold in all participants pooled (P = 0.031), and a reduction of cold pain threshold in controls only (P = 0.013). At 40 min after injection, no differences remained significant. There were no changes in ratings of brush intensity, tactile directional sensibility or cold or warm sensation thresholds. Thus, sumatriptan may cause a short-lasting allodynia in response to light dynamic touch and a reduction of heat and cold pain thresholds. This could explain at least some of the temporary sensory side-effects of triptans and warrants consideration in the interpretation of studies on migraine-induced allodynia.
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PMID:Sumatriptan (5-HT1B/1D-agonist) causes a transient allodynia. 1556 20

In childhood and adolescence, migraine is the main primary headache. This diagnosis is extensively underestimated and misdiagnosed in pediatric population. Lacks of specific biologic marker, specific investigation or brain imaging reduce these clinical entities too often to a psychological illness. Migraine is a severe headache evolving by stereotyped crises associated with marked digestive symptoms (nausea and vomiting); throbbing pain, sensitivity to sound, light are usual symptoms; the attack is sometimes preceded by a visual or sensory aura. During attacks, pain intensity is severe, most of children must lie down. Abdominal pain is frequently associated, rest brings relief and sleep ends often the attack. The prevalence of the migraine varies between 5% and 10% in childhood. At childhood, headache duration is quite often shorter than in adult population, it is more often frontal, bilateral (2/3 of cases) that one-sided. Migraine is a disabling illness: children with migraine lost more school days in a school year, than a matched control group. Migraine episodes are frequently triggered by several factors: emotional stress (school pressure, vexation, excitement: upset), hypoglycemia, lack of sleep or excess (week end migraine), sensorial stimulation (loud noise, bright light, strong odor, heat or cold...), sympathetic stimulation (sport, physical exercise). Attack treatments must be given at the early beginning of the crisis; oral dose of ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) is recommended. If the oral route is not available when nausea or vomiting occurs, the rectal or nasal routes have then to be used. Non pharmacological treatments (relaxation training, self hypnosis, biofeedback) have shown to have good efficacy as prophylactic measure. Daily prophylactic pharmacological treatments are prescribed in second line after failure of non-pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:[Migraine and headache in childhood]. 1588 59

We performed the present study to compare patients with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in their behaviour during the attacks and the manoeuvres to relieve the pain. One hundred thirty consecutive patients with either migraine (n = 75) or TTH (n = 55) were questioned (including the use of a checklist) concerning their usual behaviour during the attacks and non-pharmacological manoeuvres performed to relieve the pain. The results of the two types of headache were compared. Patients with migraine tended to perform more manoeuvres than patients with TTH (mean: 4.3 vs. 3.6). These manoeuvres included pressing and applying cold stimuli to the painful site, trying to sleep, changing posture, sitting or reclining in bed (using more pillows than usual to lay down), isolating themselves, using symptomatic medication, inducing vomiting, changing diet and becoming immobile during the attacks. The only measure predominantly reported by patients with TTH was scalp massage. Migraineurs, compared to patients with TTH, changing eating habits, pressed the pain site; there were no significant differences between the two groups. The behaviour of patients during headache attacks varies with the diagnosis. Measures that do not always result in pain relief are performed in order to prevent its worsening or to improve associated symptoms. These behavioural differences may be because of the different pathogenesis of the attacks or of various styles of dealing with the pain. They can also aid the differential diagnosis between headaches in doubtful cases.
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PMID:Pain-relieving factors in migraine and tension-type headache. 1596

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of migraines and other primary headaches. CGRP may be involved in the control of neuronal activity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN), which integrates nociceptive afferent inputs from trigeminal tissues, including intracranial afferents. The activity of STN neurons is thought to reflect the activity of central trigeminal nociceptive pathways causing facial pain and headaches in humans. In a rat model of meningeal nociception, single neuronal activity in the STN was recorded. All units had receptive fields located in the exposed parietal dura mater. Heat and cold stimuli were repetitively applied to the dura in a fixed pattern of ramps and steps. The nonpeptide CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS was topically applied onto the exposed dura or infused intravenously. BIBN4096BS (300 microg/kg, i.v.) reduced spontaneous activity by approximately 30%, the additional dose of 900 microg/kg intravenously by approximately 50% of the initial activity, whereas saline had no effect. The activity evoked by heat ramps was also reduced after BIBN4096BS (900 microg/kg, i.v.) by approximately 50%. Topical administration of BIBN4096BS (1 mm) did not significantly change the spontaneous neuronal activity within 15 min. We conclude that the endogenous release of CGRP significantly contributes to the maintenance of spontaneous activity in STN neurons. Blockade of CGRP receptors, possibly at central and peripheral sites, may therefore be an effective way to decrease nociceptive transmission. This may offer a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of facial pain and primary headaches.
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PMID:The nonpeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS lowers the activity of neurons with meningeal input in the rat spinal trigeminal nucleus. 1597 76

In childhood and adolescence, migraine is the main primary headache. This diagnosis is largely underestimated and misdiagnosed in the pediatric population. Because of the lack of specific biologic markers, specific investigation tools or brain imaging techniques, these clinical entities are too often considered to be a psychological illness. Migraine is a severe headache evolving by stereotyped attacks associated with marked digestive symptoms (nausea and vomiting); throbbing pain and sensitivity to sound or light are common symptoms; the attack is sometimes preceded by a visual or sensory aura. During attacks, pain intensity is severe; most of the children have to lie down. Abdominal pain is frequently associated, rest brings relief and sleep often ends the attack. The prevalence of migraine varies between 5 percent and 10 percent in childhood. In children, the duration of the headache is quite often shorter than in adults; it is more often frontal and bilateral (2/3 of cases) than one-sided. Migraine is a disabling illness: children with migraine miss more school days in a school year than their matched controls. Migraine episodes are frequently triggered by several factors: emotional stress (school pressure, vexation, excitement: upset), hypoglycemia, lack of sleep or excess (week end migraine), sensorial stimulation (loud noise, bright light, strong odor, heat or cold...), sympathetic stimulation (sports, physical exercise). Treatment must be given early at onset of attacks; oral ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) is recommended. If the oral route in not available because of nausea or vomiting, the rectal or nasal routes can be used. Triptan can be prescribed (body weight above 30 kg) when NSAID (prescribed at right dose and time) fail to abort the attack. Non-drug treatments (relaxation training, self hypnosis, biofeedback) have shown to have good efficacy as prophylactic measures. Daily prophylactic drug treatments are prescribed in second line after failure of non-drug treatment.
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PMID:[Migraine in childhood]. 1614 60

Raynaud's phenomenon is provoked by digital vasospasm, mostly induced by cold and emotional strain. While studies dealing with other vasospastic disorders, e. g. migraine, described an increased comorbidity with affective and anxiety disorders, only little evidence has been reported for such an association in Raynaud's phenomenon. 70 Tyrolean patients (55 females and 15 males) with primary Raynaud's phenomenon presented more often with psychiatric morbidity on DSM-IV axis-I during their life-time than prevalence studies in the general population of North America and Europe would have led to expect. No psychotic (0%) and fewer somatoform disorders (2.9%) were found whereas anxiety disorders (77.1%), affective disorders (48.6%), and eating disorders (14.3%) were clearly overrepresented. We would therefore recommend a psychiatric evaluation in primary Raynaud's phenomenon along with the vascular diagnostic assessment to ensure that any psychiatric co-morbidity can be identified and treated.
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PMID:[Psychiatric investigation of Tyrolean patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon]. 1639 40

A familial case of limb pain is described. Frequent vascular pain appeared during early childhood in affected individuals, often with predominance in the lower extremities. This pain subsided in patients during adolescence, when they began to suffer from typical migraine. The limb pain was moderate to severe, and refractory to analgesic and anti-migraine medications. Limb temperature was cold at the onset of pain, and became warm during the painful attacks. Plasma substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were elevated during the episodic pain. We propose this condition is a new precursor etiology of migraine, with possible autosomal dominant inheritance.
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PMID:Familial limb pain in childhood: unusual manifestation of migraine? 1676 48

The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of pain modulating systems subserving diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs) in primary headaches. DNICs were examined in 24 migraineurs, 17 patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and 20 healthy subjects by means of nociceptive flexion RIII reflex and the cold pressor test (CPT) as heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS). The subjective pain thresholds (Tp) and the RIII reflex threshold (Tr) were significantly lower in CTTH vs. controls. In controls a significant inhibition of the RIII reflex was observed during the CPT (-30%, P < 0.05). Conversely, migraine and CTTH patients showed facilitation (+31%, P < 0.05 and +40%, P < 0.01, respectively) of the RIII reflex during the HNCS. This study demonstrates a dysfunction in systems subserving DNICs in both migraine and CTTH. Impairment of endogenous supraspinal pain modulation systems may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of central sensitization in primary headaches.
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PMID:Abnormal modulatory influence of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in migraine and chronic tension-type headache patients. 1677 92


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