Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cold-induced headache and to test if it is associated with migraine. Women attending a population-based mammography screening programme were asked to participate in the study. Fifty-one of 669 women (7.6%) experienced a headache after ingesting 150 ml of ice-cold water through a straw. Women who had experienced one or more migraine attacks in the last year (active migraine) were twice as likely to experience a headache from ingesting the cold water as women who had never suffered from migraine. Ninety-five women who had experienced their most recent migraine attack more than 1 year ago (inactive migraine) were not at increased risk. The prevalence of active and inactive migraine was 19.4 and 14.2%, respectively. Headache caused by drinking cold water is common in women. The results indicate that active migraine facilitates the perception of forehead pain induced by a cold palatal stimulus.
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PMID:Headache caused by drinking cold water is common and related to active migraine. 1184 76

We investigated the use of self-administered pain-relieving manoeuvres on a sample of 400 patients with primary headaches--represented by an even distribution of migraine without aura (MO), migraine with aura (MA), episodic tension-type headache (TH), and cluster headache (CH)--consecutively seen at Padua and Parma Headache Centres. Manoeuvres on various regions of the head were used by 258 patients (65% of the cases). The most applied procedures were: compression (114 out of 382 manoeuvres; 30%), application of cold (27%), massage (25%) and application of heat (8%). A significant (P < 0.001) relationship was found between headache diagnoses and type of manoeuvre. In MO patients the application of cold (38% of the manoeuvres) and compression (36%), used mainly on the forehead and temples, prevailed; compression, mainly on the temples, was the most frequent procedure (44%) in MA patients. Massage on the temples and nape was the predominant manoeuvre (43%) in TH patients, whereas in the CH group, which more often required heterogeneous procedures, none of the above-mentioned manoeuvres was prevalent. Compression, as a diagnostic criterion for MO, had a sensitivity of 33% and a specificity of 86%; for the application of cold the figures were 36% and 84%, respectively. Massage had a sensitivity of 33% and a specificity of 80% for TH. The efficacy of the self-administered manoeuvres in reducing pain was scarce. Only 8% of the manoeuvres, in fact, resulted in a good or excellent pain control. Moreover, the efficacy of the manoeuvre was often momentary, wearing off when the manoeuvre stopped. In spite of this, 46% of the subjects used the manoeuvres constantly, at each attack.
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PMID:Self-administered pain-relieving manoeuvres in primary headaches. 1159 99

Traditionally, production losses are estimated using the human capital or friction cost method. These methods base estimations of productivity costs on data on absence from work. For some diseases, like migraine, productivity losses without absence are occasionally calculated by estimating the production losses from reduced productivity at work. However, diseases typically only associated with absence may also be expected to cause reduced productivity before and after absence. In a previous study, Brouwer et al. concluded that productivity losses without absence are also very relevant in common diseases, like influenza, common cold or neck-problems. Studying a new sample of employees of a Dutch trade-firm (n = 51), who completed the questionnaire 'Ill and Recovered' upon return to work after absence due to illness, it was revealed that about 25% of the respondents experienced production losses before absence and about 20% of the respondents experience production losses after absence. This leads to an increase in estimated production losses of about 16% compared with only considering absence data. Current productivity costs estimates based solely on absence data may, therefore, underestimate real productivity costs. Compensation mechanisms in firms may reduce the underestimation.
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PMID:Productivity costs before and after absence from work: as important as common? 1208 90

The compound herbal medicine Wu-chu-yu-tang is used for the treatment of migraine and vomiting accompanying a cold. To assess the interactions of herb and drug metabolism, effects of Wu-chu-yu-tang on hepatic and renal cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were studied in C57BL/6J mice. Treatment of mice with 5 g/kg per day Wu-chu-yu-tang for 3 days caused 2.5-fold and 2.9-fold increases of liver microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) and 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylation activities, respectively. However, CYP activities toward 7-ethoxycoumarin, benzphetamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, erythromycin and nifedipine, and conjugation activities of UGT and GST were not affected. In kidney, Wu-chu-yu-tang-treatment had no effects on Cyp, UGT and GST activities. Among the four component herbs of Wu-chu-yu-tang, only Evodiae Fructus (Wu-chu-yu) extract increased EROD activity and CYP1a2 protein level. In E. Fructus, rutaecarpine, evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine are the main active alkaloids. At the doses corresponding to their contents in Wu-chu-yu-tang, rutaecarpine-treatment increased hepatic EROD activity, whereas evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine had no effects. These results demonstrated that ingestion of Wu-chu-yu-tang elevated mouse hepatic Cyp1a2 activity and protein level. E. Fructus and rutaecarpine contributed at least in part to the CYP1a2 induction by Wu-chu-yu-tang. Patients should be cautioned about the drug interaction of Wu-chu-yu-tang and CYP1A2 substrates.
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PMID:Effects of Wu-chu-yu-tang and its component herbs on drug-metabolizing enzymes. 1218 32

The objective of this prospective case-control study was to identify and quantify demographic and clinical risk factors for venous ulcer disease, with special emphasis on heredity and physical activity. Patients presenting to a participating vascular surgery department between January and December 1997 with a first open venous ulcer served as cases. Controls were sampled among patients with subacute conditions such as skin problems, back pain, cold, headache/migraine, sore throat, and mild ear infections and were matched on referral physician, age (+/-5 years), and gender. Subjects were eligible if they were 18 years or older and were excluded if they had nonpalpable pedal pulse or any chronic active diseases such as cancer or AIDS. Cases' and controls' statuses were ascertained by the participating physicians. Data on risk factors were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and were self-reported by patients. The mean age of participants was 61 years for cases (n = 102) and 59 years for controls (n = 200). Family history of maternal venous insufficiency (odds ratio (OR) = 6.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.9, 24.3]95%), vigorous exercise (OR = 8.9, CI = [1.1, 72.0]95%), and history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR = 17.6, CI = [2.9, 106.8]95%) were found to be significant predictors of venous ulcers in matched multivariate logistic regression analysis; number of pregnancies was also a significant risk factor in women (OR = 1.2, Cl = [1.0, 1.5]95%). Our study suggests that knowledge of family history of venous insufficiency and monitoring of physical activity will lead to ulcer prevention. Although physical activity is recommended for patients with venous insufficiency, vigorous exercise increases the likelihood of ulcerations.
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PMID:Risk factors for the first-time development of venous ulcers of the lower limbs: the influence of heredity and physical activity. 1246 17

In this paper, the skin blood flow for the stomach and forehead regions of 36 female patients with menstrual symptoms was studied using a moorLDI laser Doppler imager in which the results of 6 typical patients are included. The patterns obtained at the two sites are common to all women in the sample who have menstrual symptoms. Cold stress testing was also investigated to see if it was effective in bringing out any skin blood flow fluctuation at these regions caused by menstrual symptoms. Each patient attended two scanning sessions: one before and the other during menstruation. During each session, the patient was scanned three consecutive times, each on the stomach and the forehead skin regions. For each region, the first measurement was a bare scanning whereas for the second and the third, 85% denatured ethanol (cold stress test) was applied onto the required scan areas. It was found that cold stress testing was able to bring out distinct differences in LDI perfusion images before and during menstruation. Results were best captured when perfusion images were taken approximately after 85% denatured ethanol had been applied in two layers for 30 s, allowed to evaporate over the next 5 min (approximately the time taken to obtain one image), reapplied for another 30 s and then finally over the next 30 s allowed to evaporate further. However, it was impossible to deduce conclusively any correlation regarding migraine and skin blood flow since all the patients for this work had menstrual cramps only.
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PMID:Laser doppler imaging of menstrual symptoms. 1277 58

Recent clinical studies showed that acute migraine attacks are accompanied by increased periorbital and bodily skin sensitivity to touch, heat and cold. Parallel pre-clinical studies showed that the underlying mechanism is sensitization of primary nociceptors and central trigeminovascular neurons. The present study investigates the sensory state of neuronal pathways that mediate skin pain sensation in migraine patients in between attacks. The assessments of sensory perception included (a) mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the periorbital area, electrical pain threshold of forearm skin, (b) pain scores to phasic supra-threshold stimuli in the same modalities and areas as above, and (c) temporal summation of pain induced by applying noxious tonic heat pain and brief trains of noxious mechanical and electrical pulses to the above skin areas. Thirty-four pain-free migraine patients and 28 age- and gender-matched controls were studied. Patients did not differ from controls in their pain thresholds for heat (44+/-2.6 vs. 44.6+/-1.9 degrees C), and electrical (4.8+/-1.6 vs. 4.3+/-1.6 mA) stimulation, and in their pain scores for supra-threshold phasic stimuli for all modalities. They did, however, differ in their pain threshold for mechanical stimulation, just by one von Frey filament (P=0.01) and in their pain scores of the temporal summation tests. Increased summation of pain was found in migraineurs for repeated mechanical stimuli (delta visual analog scale (VAS) +2.32+/-0.73 in patients vs. +0.16+/-0.83 in controls, P=0.05) and repeated electrical stimuli (delta VAS +3.83+/-1.91 vs -3.79+/-2.31, P=0.01). Increased summation corresponded with more severe clinical parameters of migraine and tended to depend on interval since last migraine attack. The absence of clinically or overt laboratory expressed allodynia suggests that pain pathways are not sensitized in the pain-free migraine patients. Nevertheless, the increased temporal summation, and the slight decrease in mechanical pain thresholds, suggest that central nociceptive neurons do express activation-dependent plasticity. These findings may point to an important pathophysiological change in membrane properties of nociceptive neurons of migraine patients; a change that may hold a key to more effective prophylactic treatment.
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PMID:Repeated noxious stimulation of the skin enhances cutaneous pain perception of migraine patients in-between attacks: clinical evidence for continuous sub-threshold increase in membrane excitability of central trigeminovascular neurons. 1292 42

In anaesthetized rats, extracellular recordings were made from neurones of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, involved in the processing of nociceptive input from the dura. Blockers of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) were administered topically to the exposed brainstem. Blockade of N-type (CaV2.2) channels reduced spontaneous activity and responses of the neurones to cold and chemical stimuli applied to the dura, suggesting that N-type channels regulate excitatory synaptic activation. Blockade of L-type (CaV1) channels enhanced spontaneous discharges of the neurones. Blockade of P/Q-type (CaV2.1) channels slightly decreased responses to chemical and cold stimuli but markedly increased spontaneous activity, an effect which was absent during concomitant application of GABA to the brainstem. The data suggest that P/Q-type VGCCs regulate a tonic synaptic inhibitory control of the brainstem neurones. The risk of migraine by genetic modifications of P/Q-type channels may thus be sought in disturbed inhibition in the network that processes nociceptive dura input.
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PMID:Effects of N-, P/Q- and L-type calcium channel blockers on nociceptive neurones of the trigeminal nucleus with input from the dura. 1503 May 33

This study was designed to compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of 'cold-induced headache' between migraine and episodic tension-type headache patients. Seventy-six migraine and 38 episodic tension-type headache patients were included in the study. An experimental model of an 'ice-cream headache' was developed for the study. The pain occurrence period, its location and quality were recorded for each patient who felt pain in their head during the test procedure. Pain in the head occurred in 74% of migraine and 32% of 'tension-type headache' patients. Although the most frequent pain location was the temple in both groups of patients, this rate was greater than twofold in migraine patients when compared with episodic tension-type headache patients. While headache quality was throbbing in 71% of migraine patients, it was so in only 8% of the episodic tension-type headache patients. Considering all the results, it seems that 'cold-stimulus headache' is not only more frequent in migraine patients, but also its location and quality differ from 'tension-type headache'.
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PMID:Prevalence and clinical characteristics of an experimental model of 'ice-cream headache' in migraine and episodic tension-type headache patients. 1503 May 39

Vasospasm can have many different causes and can occur in a variety of diseases as well as in otherwise healthy subjects. We distinguish between primary vasospastic syndrome and secondary vasospasm. The term "vasospastic syndrome" summarizes the symptoms of patients having such a spasm to stimuli like cold or emotional stress. Patients with primary vasospastic syndrome tend to suffer from cold hands, low blood pressure, migraine and silent myocardial ischemia. The ocular vasospastic syndrome is clearly associated, among other manifestations, with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The ocular vasospasm leads to a compromised autoregulation, and therefore sensitizes the eye to intraocular pressure or to a decrease in blood pressure. A variation in ocular perfusion may lead to an increase in free oxygen radicals and in glutamate. This may finally induce apoptosis cascade in retinal ganglion cells. Valuable diagnostic tools are nailfold capillary microscopy and angiography, but probably the best indicator is an increased plasma level of endothelin-1. The role of calcium channel blockers, magnesium, endothelin and glutamate antagonists are discussed.
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PMID:[Ocular vasospastic syndrome]. 1518 34


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