Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to investigate how migraine headache sufferers and headache-free controls differ in their appraisal and coping responses to a cognitive (mental arithmetic) and a physical (cold pressor) laboratory stressor. Fifty-two women (26 migraine headache and 26 controls) completed the study. Results indicated that migraine sufferers rated the cold pressor task as significantly more painful compared to headache-free participants. Migraine headache sufferers also reported more wishful thinking and self-criticism in managing the mental arithmetic stressor. In addition, migraine participants reported the use of more social withdrawal and catastrophizing in managing stress and pain outside of the laboratory.
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PMID:Appraisal and coping responses to pain and stress in migraine headache sufferers. 1049 66

The aim was to compare haemodynamic responses in trapezius muscles to cold pressor stimulation in individuals with localized trapezius myalgia and asymptomatic controls. Nine males with chronic localized pain in the trapezius (mean age, 23.2 years) and nine male controls (mean age, 24.6 years) who had no medical history of migraine, hypertension or sustained pain in the trapezius region were investigated. Two experimental (cold pressor and mock) trials were performed in a randomly assigned sequence. In the cold pressor trial the participant's left foot and ankle were immersed in 4 degrees C cold water for 2 min; the mock trial was done without that stimulus. Blood volume was continuously recorded 1 min before, 2 min during, and 5 min after cold pressor stimulation using near-infrared spectroscopy. Each participant's blood-volume data were baseline-corrected and submitted to statistical analysis. Results showed that the individuals with muscle pain exhibited a significantly lower mean blood volume than the controls during cold pressor stimulation (p = 0.0367). Upon withdrawal of that stimulation, the mean blood volume in both groups fell below the baseline. These results suggest that individuals with chronic regional trapezius myalgia have less capacity to vasodilate this muscle during cold pressor stimulation than those without such myalgia. It is not yet known if this difference in the haemodynamic response is a cause or an effect of the myalgia.
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PMID:Haemodynamic responses in chronically painful, human trapezius muscle to cold pressor stimulation. 1053 Sep 13

Recently, we showed that most migraine patients exhibit cutaneous allodynia inside and outside their pain-referred areas when examined during a fully developed migraine attack. In this report, we studied the way in which cutaneous allodynia develops by measuring the pain thresholds in the head and forearms bilaterally at several time points during a migraine attack in a 42-year-old male. Prior to the headache, he experienced visual, sensory, motor and speech aura. During the headache, he experienced photo-, phono- and odour-phobia, nausea and vomiting, worsening of the headache by coughing or moving his head, and cutaneous pain when shaving, combing his hair or touching his scalp. Comparisons between his pain thresholds in the absence of migraine and at 1, 2 and 4 h after the onset of migraine revealed the following. (i) After 1 h, mechanical and cold allodynia started to develop in the ipsilateral head but not in any other site. (ii) After 2 h, this allodynia increased on the ipsilateral head and spread to the contralateral head and ipsilateral forearm. (iii) After 4 h, heat allodynia was also detected while mechanical and cold allodynia continued to increase. These clinical observations suggest the following sequence of events along the trigeminovascular pain pathway of this patient. (i) A few minutes after the initial activation of his peripheral nociceptors, they became sensitized; this sensitization can mediate the symptoms of intracranial hypersensitivity. (ii) The barrage of impulses that came from the peripheral nociceptors activated second-order neurons and initiated their sensitization; this sensitization can mediate the development of cutaneous allodynia on the ipsilateral head. (iii) The barrage of impulses that came from the sensitized second-order neurons activated and eventually sensitized third-order neurons; this sensitization can mediate the development of cutaneous allodynia on the contralateral head and ipsilateral forearm at the 2-h point, over 1 h after the appearance of allodynia on the ipsilateral head. This interpretation calls for an early use of anti-migraine drugs that target peripheral nociceptors, before the development of central sensitization. If central sensitization develops, the therapeutic rationale is to suppress it. Because currently available drugs that aim to suppress central sensitization are ineffective, this study stresses the need to develop them for the treatment of migraine.
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PMID:The development of cutaneous allodynia during a migraine attack clinical evidence for the sequential recruitment of spinal and supraspinal nociceptive neurons in migraine. 1090 99

Although migraine is the main chronic headache in childhood and adolescence, it remains extensively misdiagnosed. Schematically, migraine is a severe headache evolving by stereotyped attacks frequently associated with marked digestive symptoms (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain). Throbbing pain, sensitivity to sound, and light (and sometimes odors) are frequent additional symptoms. The attack is sometimes preceded by a visual or sensory aura. Rest brings relief, and sleep often ends the attack. Childhood migraine prevalence varies between 5 and 10%. Migraine episodes are frequently triggered by several factors: emotional stress (school pressure, vexation, excitement, upset), hypoglycemia, lack or excess of sleep (weekend migraine), sensory stimulation (loud noise, bright light, strong odor, heat or cold, etc.), sympathetic stimulation (sport, physical exercise). Attack treatments must be given at an early stage, oral ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) being particularly recommended. If the oral route is not available because of nausea or vomiting, rectal or nasal routes have then to be used. Non-pharmacological treatments (biofeedback and interventions combining progressive muscle relaxation) have demonstrated good efficacy as prophylactic measures. Daily prophylactic pharmacological treatments are prescribed as the second line after failure of non-pharmacological treatments.
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PMID:[Migraine, misunderstood pathology in children]. 1102 9

In childhood and adolescence, migraine is the main essential chronic headache. This diagnosis is extensively underestimated and misdiagnosed in pediatric population. Lacks of specific biologic marker, specific investigation or brain imaging reduce these clinical entities too often to a psychological illness. Migraine is a severe headache evolving by stereotyped crises associated with marked digestive symptoms (nausea and vomiting); throbbing pain, sensitivity to sound, light are usual symptoms; the attack is sometimes preceded by a visual or sensory aura. During attacks, pain intensity is severe, most of children must lie down. Abdominal pain is frequently associated, rest brings relief and sleep ends often the attack. The prevalence of the migraine varies between 5p.100 and 10p.100 in childhood. At childhood, headache duration is quite often shorter than in adult population, it is more often frontal, bilateral (2/3 of cases) that one-sided. Migraine is a disabling illness: children with migraine lost more school days in a school year, than a matched control group. Migraine episodes are frequently triggered by several factors: emotional stress (school pressure, vexation, excitement: upset), hypoglycemia, lack of sleep or excess (week end migraine), sensorial stimulation (loud noise, bright light, strong odor, heat or cold.), sympathetic stimulation (sport, physical exercise). Attack treatments must be given at the early beginning of the crisis; oral dose of ibuprofen (10mg/kg) is recommended. If the oral route in not available when nausea or vomiting occurs, the rectal or nasal routes have then to be used. Non pharmacological treatments (biofeedback and interventions combining progressive muscle relaxation) have shown to have good efficacy as prophylactic measure. Daily prophylactic pharmacological treatments are prescribed in second line after failure of non-pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:[Migraine and chronic headache in children]. 1113 52

Successful management of migraine headaches involves identifying and avoiding headache triggers and using appropriate abortive therapy once a headache is recognized. Pain relief measures include over-the-counter analgesics, parenteral NSAID therapy when needed, and use of antiemetics and cold packs. Narcotic analgesics are best used only as a "last resort" measure. Prophylactic therapy should be considered for patients who have more than two acute migraine attacks each month or whose daily activities are seriously compromised by headaches. For the patient in whom status migrainosus threatens well-being, hospitalization and more intensive therapy may be needed.
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PMID:A fresh look at migraine therapy. New treatments promise improved management. 1119 58

The increasing popularity of scuba diving has added a new category to the differential diagnosis of headache. Headache in divers, while uncommon and generally benign, can occasionally signify serious consequences of hyperbaric exposure such as arterial gas embolism, decompression sickness, and otic or paranasal sinus barotrauma. Inadequate ventilation of compressed gases can lead to carbon dioxide accumulation, cerebral vasodilatation, and headache. Other types of headache encountered in divers include exertional headache, cold stimulus headache, migraine, tension-type headache, acute traumatic headache, cervicogenic headache, carbon monoxide poisoning headache, and headache associated with envenomation. Correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment require a careful history and neurologic examination as well as an understanding of the unique physiologic stresses of the subaquatic environment.
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PMID:Headache in divers. 1126 83

Prospective studies of precipitating factors in migraine are rare. Mig Access is a national control-matched survey conducted to evaluate the access of migraineurs to health care in France. This study allowed us to screen prospectively some precipitating factors of headache in migraineurs and in nonmigraineurs. Three hundred eighty-five migraineurs (group 1) and 313 nonmigraineurs (group 2) kept a diary for a 3-month period (a total of 35,805 day in group 1 and 29,109 days in group 2). Precipitating factors were reported for each headache period. Headache intensity was self-assessed during each headache period using a visual analog scale of 0 to 100. Headache was reported on 4274 days (12%) in group 1 and on 602 days (2%) in group 2. Headache intensity was greater in group 1 (39 +/- 20 versus 32 +/- 19, P < .05). The most frequent precipitating factors (reported at least once by more than 10% of subjects [range 18% to 80%] in both groups) were fatigue and/or sleep, stress, food and/or drinks, menstruation, heat/cold/weather, and infections in both groups. All these factors except infections were reported to cause headache more frequently in migraineurs than in nonmigraineurs. Mean intensity of headache related to fatigue and/or sleep, stress, food and/or drinks, hot/cold weather, and menstruation varied from 37 to 43 in migraineurs and from 29 to 35 in nonmigraineurs. Headache with the highest mean intensity was due to infections in the two groups (47 +/- 20 in group 1, 45 +/- 23 in group 2). Our results support that endogenous factors are the most frequent triggers of headache in migraineurs. The most frequent precipitating factors of headache appear identical in migraineurs and in nonmigraineurs. Our results suggest that similar triggers could precipitate headache of different type in these two populations.
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PMID:Precipitating factors of headache. A prospective study in a national control-matched survey in migraineurs and nonmigraineurs. 1127 13

Vasospasm can have many different causes and can occur in a variety of diseases, including infectious, autoimmune, and ophthalmic diseases, as well as in otherwise healthy subjects. We distinguish between the primary vasospastic syndrome and secondary vasospasm. The term "vasospastic syndrome" summarizes the symptoms of patients having such a diathesis as responding with spasm to stimuli like cold or emotional stress. Secondary vasospasm can occur in a number of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid polyarthritis, giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease, Buerger's disease and preeclampsia, and also in infectious diseases such as AIDS. Other potential causes for vasospasm are hemorrhages, homocysteinemia, head injury, acute intermittent porphyria, sickle cell disease, anorexia nervosa, Susac syndrome, mitochondriopathies, tumors, colitis ulcerosa, Crohn's disease, arteriosclerosis and drugs. Patients with primary vasospastic syndrome tend to suffer from cold hands, low blood pressure, and even migraine and silent myocardial ischemia. Valuable diagnostic tools for vasospastic diathesis are nailfold capillary microscopy and angiography, but probably the best indicator is an increased plasma level of endothelin-1. The eye is frequently involved in the vasospastic syndrome, and ocular manifestations of vasospasm include alteration of conjunctival vessels, corneal edema, retinal arterial and venous occlusions, choroidal ischemia, amaurosis fugax, AION, and glaucoma. Since the clinical impact of vascular dysregulation has only really been appreciated in the last few years, there has been little research in the according therapeutic field. The role of calcium channel blockers, magnesium, endothelin and glutamate antagonists, and gene therapy are discussed.
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PMID:Vasospasm, its role in the pathogenesis of diseases with particular reference to the eye. 1128 96

The present study compared the responses of women with headache (chronic tension-type, n = 27; migraine, n = 27) and controls (n = 27) to an acute pain laboratory task, the cold pressor test. Participants' pain perception (i.e., threshold and tolerance) and their fear/anxiety associated with pain were assessed during days 1, 2, or 3 of menses. Analyses pertaining to participants' responses to the cold pressor test (ie, pain threshold and tolerance) failed to show statistically significant group differences, even when covarying pain-related anxiety/fear. Analyses did, however, reveal significant group differences between migraineurs and controls in cognitive anxiety. Correlational analyses also revealed that cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, fear, and escape/avoidance were all significantly correlated with pain tolerance in the group with chronic tension-type headache, but not in the other two groups. Subsequent multiple regressions, however, showed that the relationship between anxiety and pain tolerance was primarily a function of somatic anxiety. These results suggest that headache frequency plays a role in mediating the relationship between fear of pain and pain tolerance and that the models by Lethem and colleagues and McCracken may be relevant for understanding tension headache sufferers' responses to head pain.
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PMID:Perceptions of pain in women with headache: a laboratory investigation of the influence of pain-related anxiety and fear. 1138 Jun 47


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