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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the results of a study conducted recently at the Diamond Headache Clinic, Chicago, on the effectiveness of application of cold as an adjunctive therapy for acute headache. Ninety clinic outpatients were divided evenly into three groups according to headache type--migraine, cluster, and mixed. They used the standard headache medication for two attacks and the standard medication plus application of cold with a reusable, frozen gel pack for two attacks. There was no significant difference in patient response to the gel pack by headache type. Seventy-one percent of patients considered the pack effective; 52% reported an immediate decrease in pain, and 63% reported an overall decrease in pain. Seventy-one percent of patients intended to use the gel pack in the future. Use of such gel packs, which are available commercially, does not damage the skin. Our study indicates that cold application does provide some symptomatic relief of headache; it may also offer psychological alleviation of the pain.
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PMID:Cold as an adjunctive therapy for headache. 394 18

The response of the hand blood vessels to a measured, controlled cold stimulus was determined, using venous occlusion plethysmography, in normal subjects and patients who suffered from migraine. The resting level of hand blood flow was found to be higher in the patients, but the percentage fall in flow that resulted when the cold stimulus was applied was less than in the normal subjects. The hand blood vessels of the patients responded to intra-arterial noradrenaline and tyramine in a normal fashion.
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PMID:Vascular responses in the hands of patients suffering from migraine. 503 37

A great variety of skin manifestations and the frequent occurrence of cold sensitivity, vascular symptoms with peripheral painful ulcerations, headache of migraine type, and muscle and joint symptoms are described in a series of 12 patients with an overlap syndrome compatible with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The patients have been followed up for an average of 7 years. The peripheral symptoms on the extremities in particular were exacerbated by exposure to cold and caused much inconvenience and early disability for the patients. In addition to the symptoms generally connected with MCTD, some of the patients presented signs of other diseases of autoimmune type as well. For instance 2 of the patients presented autoimmune thyroiditis and one patient developed myasthenia gravis and cold agglutinin syndrome.
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PMID:Mixed connective tissue disease: a follow-up study of 12 patients with special reference to cold sensitivity and skin manifestations. 616 5

The main treatment of the acute migraine attack remains sleep, sedation, an anti-nauseant and analgesics, and in some patients 1 or 2 mg of ergotamine tartrate. Drugs containing large amounts of caffeine should not be used. Absorption of drugs may be impaired in a migraine attack. Metoclopramide is probably the anti-emetic of choice because it is an effective anti-nauseant and promotes normal gastrointestinal activity. Domperidone has a similar action but is said not to go through the blood-brain barrier, so is less likely to cause extrapyramidal reactions. All drugs, including analgesics such as aspirin and paracetamol, are best given in a soluble or effervescent form. Where vomiting occurs early in the attack, suppositories may be indicated. Ergotamine tartrate is necessary in about one third of attacks and is best given by suppository or by inhalation. Doses higher than 2 mg per attack or 6 mg in one week may cause toxic symptoms, the early signs of which are headache, nausea, vomiting and a feeling of not being very well. The non-drug treatments of an acute attack include pressing on the temporal artery, hot and cold compresses and relaxation.
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PMID:Treatment of the acute migraine attack--current status. 640 72

The present investigation examined the efficacy of two types of imaginal strategy treatments relative to a placebo control group on cold pressor pain and migraine. One imaginal strategy group (response group) was trained to imagine pleasant scenes which included their own responses (e.g., muscular relaxation, deep breathing). The other imaginal strategy group (stimulus group) was trained to imagine scenes with many stimulus details. All imagery subjects were instructed to use their strategies if they had a headache, felt a headache coming on, or found themselves engaged in a negative line of thinking (catastrophizing). The imagery treatments were clearly superior to the placebo control group both on experimentally produced pain, and a general measure of headache activity, but were not different from each other. Improvement was maintained through a 2 month follow-up. Successful treatment outcome was predicted by the frequency of imaginal strategy use. Possible underlying mechanisms for the treatments' efficacy and issues for future research were discussed.
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PMID:Imagery coping strategies in the treatment of migraine. 670 83

Attacks of migraine resulting from climatic cold or heat-stress are a common occurrence in 20-30 per cent of a population exposed to weather changes. The electrical charges (positive ionisation and sferics) engendered by every incoming weather front produce a release of serotonin. In addition there also exists a syndrome of adrenaline deficiency, which may produce headache, while a third reaction, intermittent hyperthyreosis, plays a lesser role in evoking headache. The differential diagnosis of the various types of headache is based upon the profile of neurohormones excreted in the 24-hours urinary output, which permits a comparison between normal and weather-stress days. Such a procedure may provide an appraisal of the underlying metabolic disturbance. Consequently, appropriate treatment can be administered to the patient, and its effect controlled by analysis of any possible neurohormonal change.
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PMID:Migraine and headache due to weather and allied causes and its specific treatment. 693 58

The transcranial Doppler (TCD) and cardiovascular responses to established tests of autonomic function were studied in 50 migraineurs (23 of whom experienced aura and 27 who did not) and 30 healthy control subjects. In addition to the measurements outside attacks, 10 migraineurs were also tested during unilateral attacks of migraine without aura. Transcranial Doppler examinations of middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity showed no differences between migraineurs and healthy subjects and no difference between migraineurs experiencing an attack and outside an attack when examined in response to a head-up tilt test, a cold-pressor test and a Valsalva manoeuvre. The cardiovascular reflexes in response to the Valsalva manoeuvre suggested a mild parasympathetic hypofunction in migraineurs, both those with and those without aura. On the basis of the present results and previous findings by others, we conclude that mild parasympathetic hypofunctioning with preserved sympathetic functioning is an established finding in migraine both with and without aura.
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PMID:Transcranial Doppler and cardiovascular responses during cardiovascular autonomic tests in migraineurs during and outside attacks. 749 89

Quantitative EMG from the right frontal and both temporal muscles was studied in 547 adults randomly selected from the general population. The study was part of a multifaceted, epidemiological study of different headache disorders. Surface EMG was recorded by an observer blinded to the persons' history of headache, previous illness and mental state. The present study provides data on amplitude and mean and median frequency levels in migraine and tension-type headache. Chronic headache sufferers had higher amplitude values at rest in their temporal muscles than migraineurs, subjects with episodic tension-type headache and subjects without any experience of headache, probably due to insufficient relaxation. Frequency values during maximal voluntary contraction were decreased in chronic headache subjects and decreased with increasing frequency of headache in the previous year, indicating that chronic fatigue and/or changed fiber type composition exist in frequent headache sufferers. During experimental cold and pain stimulation no significant differences between headache subjects and the rest of the population were detected. Only subjects without any experience of headache had increased amplitude values during pain stimulation. No significant relation of amplitude values to frequency of tension-type headache or migraine in the previous year was detected. In 66 subjects with actual headache amplitude values were increased in the frontal muscle during rest indicating increased tension. Moreover, amplitude values were decreased in both the temporal and the frontal muscles during maximal voluntary contraction indicating submaximal contraction during pain. The present study supports the importance of peripheral factors such as increased fatigability, morphological, and/or metabolic changes in the pathogenesis of tension-type headache. However, the diagnostic value of EMG in migraine and tension-type headache is limited.
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PMID:Quantitative surface EMG of pericranial muscles in headache. A population study. 752 41

Blue Cross of Atlantic Canada has revised its drug-benefit program by restricting the number of drugs eligible for automatic benefits. The program still covers more than 3000 medications, but not items such as nicotine-replacement products, antihistamines, or cough and cold medications. The centrepiece of the revised program is a "special-authorization" process that affects about 140 expensive but "commonly prescribed" drugs such as antidepressant products and medications for migraine treatment. Although may applaud the not-for-profit corporation's intentions, some doctors and patients have experienced difficulty adjusting to the changes.
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PMID:Some suffer adjustment pains as Blue Cross changes drug-benefit program on East Coast. 761 50

Cerebral vascular changes seem to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of various functional disturbances, (i.e. those suggested for migraine pathogenesis). However the exact role of single regulatory aspects (metabolic-neuronal-mechanic) are not completely understood and easily investigated in man. In particular, the role of autonomic nervous system is widely debated and recently the stimulation of tegmental noradrenergic nuclei (locus coeruleus in particular) has proved capable of inducing, in the animal, both the reduction and the increase of extracerebral blood flow. In order to evaluate the vascular effect of locus coeruleus stimulation in man, we investigated intracerebral vascular changes induced by the cold pressor test (CPT) (a well standardized method for activating both nociceptive and sympathetic pathways) by means of transcranial Doppler sonography. The examinations were performed in 14 healthy controls. CPT induced a constant and evident reduction in mean arterial velocity of the middle cerebral artery. The response was triggered during the first minute following hand immersion in ice water and reached its maximum level by the 3rd minute. Pretreatment with the alfa2-agonist clonidine caused a marked reduction of the cerebrovascular response. These data suggest that: a) intracerebral vascular response induced by CPT may be attributed to a central noradrenergic mechanism (possibly modulated at the locus coeruleus level) and b) transcranial Doppler monitoring of CPT effect is a potential tool for investigating peculiar patterns of functional disturbances of cerebral circulation.
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PMID:Intracerebral vascular changes induced by cold pressor test: a model of sympathetic activation. 793 82


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