Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a modified cold enrichment procedure Yersinia spp. were detected in 90.6% out of 32 raw waste water samples obtained within one year from two municipal sewage treatment plants. Moreover Yersinia were isolated from 50% of 6 effluent samples. Altogether 118 Yersinia strains were isolated and typed biochemically and serologically. 69 out of these isolates belonged to Yersinia enterocolitica, 60 strains to biotype 1, and 9 to biotype 4, serotype 0:3, 8 strains Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3, biotype 4, considered to be a causative agent in human enteritis, harboured an 48 MD plasmid. The remaining isolates were identified as Yersinia frederiksenii (24 strains), Yersinia intermedia (22 strains) and Yersinia kristensenii (3 strains). The frequency of the isolation of Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:3, biotype 4 from sewage showed the same seasonal dependence as known from strains of human origin. In contrast to this, such dependence could not be found among other serovars of Y. enterocolitica and related species.
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PMID:[The occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in sewage]. 222 Jan 65

A total of 1,835 Yersinia spp. were isolated from 925 (60.5%) of 1,530 wild mice and from 139 (79.9%) of 174 moles living in mountainous areas of eastern Shimane Prefecture, Japan. The Yersinia spp. included 1,106 Yersinia enterocolitica, 26 Y. enterocolitica-like, 176 Yersinia mollaretii, 149 Yersinia frederiksenii, 70 Yersinia intermedia, 231 Yersinia kristensenii, 5 Yersinia aldovae, and 72 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was not isolated. Y. pseudotuberculosis was divided into 10 virulent 40- to 50-MDa plasmid-positive (P+) strains (serotypes 1b, 4b, and untypeable) and 62 plasmid-negative (P-) strains (serotypes 1b, 2b, 2c, 4a, 5a, 5b, 6, 7, and untypeable). P+ strains of serotypes 1b (two strains), 4b (seven strains), and untypeable (one strain) were isolated from nine Apodemus specious and one Apodemus argenteus. The isolates of Yersinia spp. were more frequently detected in newborn mice and during the breeding season. The P+ Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were recovered at less than 10(4) cells per g of the cecal contents. Thus, the prevalence of Yersinia spp. in small wild animals depends on the newborn animals born during the cold months, and wild mice in mountainous areas are important reservoirs of Y. pseudotuberculosis.
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PMID:Mice and moles inhabiting mountainous areas of Shimane Peninsula as sources of infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. 225 20

Two-hundred-and-seven samples of raw buffalo milk and 60 samples of pasteurized buffalo milk were screened for presence of Yersinia enterocolitica. The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica was found to be 24.1% in raw milk, however, no isolation could be made from the pasteurized milk samples. Cold enrichment in trypticase soy broth and alkali treatment methods were followed in this study. The majority of the isolates (62%) were found sensitive to all the antibiotics used and only a few (16%) were resistant to two or more than two antibiotics. The incidence of Y. enterocolitica showed seasonal variations. Incidence was much higher (25-50%) during the winter season as compared to the summer (0-17%). The incidence of lecithinase production was high (40-50%) in Yersinia isolates resistant to one or two antibiotics.
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PMID:Drug resistance and lecithinase activity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from buffalo milk. 264 92

The cold-active restriction endonuclease YenI, an isoschizomer of PstI, was found in 12 of 14 Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O8 strains of different origins, but not in other serotypes of Y. enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, or Yersinia pestis. In spite of the limited number of strains tested, the result suggests that the detection of YenI endonuclease or the gene might result in more rapid determination of the prominently pathogenic serotype of Y. enterocolitica.
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PMID:Widespread occurrence of the restriction endonuclease YenI, an isoschizomer of PstI, in Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O8. 283 62

One hundred and twenty samples each of raw ground beef, pork and chicken from ten local grocery stores in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the presence of Salmonella sp. (Sal), Campylobacter jejuni (Cj), Campylobacter coli (Cc), Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye), and Clostridium perfringens (Cp) from April 1984 to March 1985. A total of 205 isolates of Sal (112 strains), Cj (64 strains), Cc (one strain), Ye (7 strains) and Cp (21 strains) were recovered from 17 beef (14.2%), 31 pork (25.8%) and 94 chicken (78.3%) of 120 samples each. Sal biogroup 1 was found in 8.3% of beef, 13.3% of pork and 35.0% of chicken, Sal biogroup 2 in 0.8% of beef, 4.2% of pork and 14.2% of chicken, Cj in 1.7% of beef and pork and 50.0% of chicken, Cc in 0.8% of pork, Ye serotype 03 was found in 5.0% of pork, and Cp in 1.7% of beef and pork and 10.8% of chicken. These enteropathogens were recovered concomitantly from two pork and 31 chicken samples, especially Sal and Cj. Sal was counted at less than or equal to 10(2)/100 g of beef and pork and at less than or equal to 10(3)/100 g of chicken, Cj was counted at less than or equal to 10(1)/g of beef and pork and at less than or equal to 10(2)/g of chicken, Ye serotype 03 was counted at less than or equal to 10(3)/g of pork, Cp was counted at less than or equal to 10(2)/g of pork and at less than or equal to 10(2)g of chicken, and Cc from pork and Cp from beef were recovered by using enrichment culture. This investigation showed that a second-contamination of Sal and Cj from chicken to beef and pork frequently occurred during the warm months of the year. It was suggested that chicken may become a source of infection with plural organisms of enteric pathogens, especially Sal and Cj, at the same time all the year round, and that pork may be an important source of infection with Ye during the cold months.
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PMID:Raw beef, pork and chicken in Japan contaminated with Salmonella sp., Campylobacter sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Clostridium perfringens--a comparative study. 288 78

A new enrichment medium for the recovery of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup O:3 from naturally infected meat products based on three selective agents, Irgasan, ticarcillin, and potassium chlorate (ITC), was compared with several other one- or two-step enrichments. Y. enterocolitica serogroup O:3 was recovered from 96.5% of 29 pork tongues, 24% of 50 ground pork samples, 16% of 25 masseter muscle samples, and 61% of tonsils. ITC was by far the most sensitive method for the recovery of Y. enterocolitica O:3, especially from ground meat and masseter muscles, while cold and two-step enrichments yielded better results for nonpathogenic strains. Plating of ITC enrichments onto SS-deoxycholate-calcium agar gave overall better results than plating onto cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin agar for serogroup O:3.
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PMID:New enrichment method for isolation of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup O:3 from pork. 337 99

During the 42-month period from June 1982 through December 1985, 215 fecal specimens from 171 patients were found to be positive for yersiniae by using a combination of CIN agar and cold enrichment. Isolates were tested for markers of virulence including carriage of a plasmid 42 megadaltons in size, calcium dependence, autoagglutination, Congo red uptake, pyrazinamidase activity, fermentation of salicin, and hydrolysis of esculin. The results were correlated to symptoms in patients. A total of 80 Yersinia enterocolitica and 52 Y. enterocolitica-like strains (42 Y. frederiksenii, 8 Y. intermedia, and 2 Y. kristensenii) were examined. Positive virulence-related tests were as follows (for Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, and Y. kristensenii, respectively): pyrazinamidase negativity, 12.5, 0, 0, and 50%; Congo red positivity, 5, 7.1, 87.5 and 0%; calcium dependence, 3.8, 0, 0, and 0%; autoagglutination positivity, 8.8, 0, 0, and 0%; carriage of the 42-megadalton plasmid, 28.6, 73.2, 5.7, and 0; salicin and esculin negativity, 12.5, 0, 0, and 50%. The isolates recovered from symptomatic patients were characterized in relation to the presenting symptoms. Isolates from 12 of 32 (37.5%) patients with acute-onset diarrhea and 9 of 30 (30.0%) patients with chronic symptoms expressed at least one virulence feature. No individual test or group of tests was consistently associated with onset or either type of symptoms. Routine testing of plasmid carriage, uptake of Congo red, calcium dependence, autoagglutination, and pyrazinamidase activity did not appear to provide information that would link the presence of symptoms with the virulence potential of fecal isolates of yersiniae.
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PMID:Clinical significance of virulence-related assay of Yersinia species. 358 18

Since May 1983, our laboratory has, upon request, cultured stools for Yersinia spp. by using direct plating on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar and a 3-week cold enrichment procedure. We isolated bacteria identified as Y. intermedia from six adult patients. All isolates were recovered only by the cold enrichment procedure and misidentified as Y. enterocolitica by the API 20E system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). Final identification was made on the basis of results obtained with conventional tube biochemical tests. The isolates were tested for the following characteristics associated with virulence in Y. enterocolitica: lack of pyrazinamidase activity, autoagglutinability, presence of a 40- to 50-megadalton plasmid, production of heat-stable enterotoxin, and mouse lethality. All isolates tested had pyrazinamidase activity, and none were autoagglutinable. However, one isolate possessed a 40-megadalton plasmid. None produced enterotoxin or were lethal for mice. Review of the medical histories of the patients revealed that four of the six had diarrhea; however, none had disease typical of that caused by Y. enterocolitica. Our data confirmed the limited pathogenic potential of Y. intermedia and suggested that its isolation was without clinical significance in our patients. Conventional biochemical tests were required for reliable identification of Y. intermedia.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of Yersinia intermedia isolated from human feces. 358 21

One-hundred-eight stool samples, collected in a fishing village of Senegal from 72 apparently healthy subjects and from 36 patients with gastrointestinal disorders, were examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica. After 1, 2, 3 weeks of cold enrichment with PBS 1/15M, pH 7.6, plating was performed on MacConkey Agar after use of the alkali method. No Yersinia strains were isolated.
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PMID:Attempt of Yersinia enterocolitica isolation from human feces in Senegal. 369 53

A number of plating and enrichment media proposed for the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from foodstuffs were examined for their ability to recover the type strains of Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto, Y. intermedia, Y. frederiksenii and Y. kristensenii. Nine selective plating media were evaluated for the quantitative recovery of the type strains in pure culture, and their inhibition of other organisms typical of both milk and enteric microfloras. Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar, incubated for 48 h at 25 degrees C, allowed a high recovery of all the Yersinia spp. and was the most selective medium. The same four type strains were added to UHT milk that had been previously inoculated with bacteria to simulate either freshly drawn or cold stored milk microfloras. Twenty-six enrichment procedures (including cold enrichment, selective enrichment at higher temperatures, two-step procedures and a post-enrichment alkali treatment) were assessed for the efficiency of recovery of the Yersinia spp. Pre-enrichment in trypticase-soy broth (TSB) for 24 h at 22 degrees C followed by selective enrichment in bile-oxalate-sorbose (BOS) medium for 5 d at 22 degrees C and plating on CIN agar (48 h at 25 degrees C) allowed the greatest increase in the numbers of Yersinia spp. and maximum inhibition of the competing microflora.
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PMID:A comparison of media and methods for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria from milk containing simulated raw milk microfloras. 371 Sep 41


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