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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stool specimens from children with gastroenteritis and their household contacts were cultured for Yersinia enterocolitica by direct plating onto routine laboratory media. These stools were also inoculated into phosphate-buffered saline and subcultured to the same media after 1 day or 3 weeks of incubation at 4 degrees C. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 174 index cases and 34 household contacts. One hundred eighty-one isolates were of serotype O:3, and the remaining 21 belonged to other serotypes. Eighty-one percent (147/181) of O:3 isolates were recovered by direct plating, and 6.1% (11/181) and 13% (23/181) were recovered by 1-day and 3-week cold enrichment, respectively. For other serotypes, 26% (7/27), 0%, and 74% (20/27) were isolated by direct plating, 1-day cold enrichment, and 3-week cold enrichment, respectively. The efficacy of the cold enrichment for the patients were still symptomatic, 94 and 6% of Y. enterocolitica were identified by direct plating and cold enrichment, respectively. Isolation rates were 66% by direct plating and 34% by cold enrichment when stools were obtained from asymptomatic carriers or from those convalescing from Y. enterocolitica gastroenteritis. These results indicate that the cold enrichment methods increase the sensitivity of Y. entercolitica culture methods considerably in convalescent and asymptomatic subjects but only minimally in patients with diarrhea caused by serotype O:3.
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PMID:Efficacy of cold enrichment techniques for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from human stools. 38 18

Modified Rappaport broth used directly and in a two-step procedure with preliminary cold enrichment was evaluated for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from laboratory-inoculated samples of ground meat, and naturally-occurring strains from raw milk. The use of modified Rappaport broth generally improved recovery from both inoculated meats and raw milk, but results were not consistent between serotypes used for inoculation and between meat samples. The overall isolation rate for naturally-occurring strains of Y. enterocolitica in producer samples of raw milk was 18.3%. The majority of 98 isolates from milk were indole-positive (98%), lecithinase-positive (87%), hydrolyzed esculin (98%), and fermented salicin (100%) and rhamnose (53%). Thirty-two isolates (33%) were serotypable, representing eleven different serotypes with 0:4 occurring most frequently followed by 0:5 and 0:6,30.
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PMID:Enrichment methods for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from foods and raw milk. 39 16

Tests have demonstrated that current enrichment methods may fail to detect low levels of some clinical strains of Yersinia enterocolitica inoculated into meats and oysters and need improvement. The results of cold enrichment with phosphate and tripolyphosphate buffers were very poor and the sensitive clinical strain failed to grow in Wauters' MgCl2 broth. Twenty typical clinical strains of Y. enterocolitica belonging to Nilehn's biotypes 2, 3, and 4 had the ability to invade HeLa cells tissue culture but none of the 52 atypical clinical and food strains belonging to Nilehn's biotype 1 or rhamnose-positive were invasive. Although temperature sensitive, this test is reproducible and useful for screening noninvasive isolates.
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PMID:Testing for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica in foods and their ability to invade HeLa cells. 39 17

An evaluation of several cold enrichment media for Yersinia enterocolitica showed that the enrichment quotient achieved after 3 weeks at 4 degrees C was highly dependent on the initial cell concentration and the medium used. The latter should be of high nutritional value, in order to allow sufficient growth of Yersinia enterocolitica at a low temperature. Enrichment in typtone--soya broth yielded better results than in--frequently used--phosphate buffer, pH 7.6. While comparing isolation media for Yersinia enterocoliica to be used after cold enrichment, DHL agar was most satisfactory: after 20 h incubation at 29 degrees C, colonies of Yersinia enterocolitica are easily distinguishable and the organisms fully recovered. An urea medium, containing novobiocin as selective agent, also yielded good results. It must be stressed that only human strains of serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 of Yersinia enterocolitica were studied.
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PMID:Evaluation of some cold enrichment and isolation media for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica. 40 84

From August 1976 to July 1977, all faecal specimens (3298) sent to the Enteric Department of the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide were selectively cultured for Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from three patients with diarrhoea, one of whom acquired her infection overseas. These organisms were not isolated from faecal or lymph node material collected from a limited number of sheep and pigs found to have enteritis at the time of slaughter. Enteric infection due to Yersinia enterocolitica does not appear to be common in Australia and selective culture methods using cold enrichment techniques do not appear to be justified especially in laboratories handling specimens derived mainly from adults.
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PMID:Enterocolitis due to Yersinia enterocolitica in South Australia. 43 80

Yersinia enterocolitica--recognized as a distinct taxonomic entity in 1964--belongs to the family of enterobacteriaceae. It has been isolated with increasing frequency from human and animal sources as well as from food and non-chlorinated water. Yersinia enterocolitica can produce enteritis in man, accompanied or followed in adults by erythema nodosum, arthralgia and/or acute arthritis. Rarely, septicaemia with a high mortality rate has been encountered. A cold-temperature enrichment method was used to examine 1135 faecal specimens; 11 were positive for Yersinia enterocolitica. Symptoms of enteritis were reported by all 8 patients whose faeces contained the bacterium; a brief description is given of the course of illness in each patient. Biochemical and serological properties of the isolates are discussed with special reference to some unusual results obtained with the commerical API-20 E system for identification of enterobacteriaceae when incubated overnight at 35 degrees C.
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PMID:[Yersinia enterocolitica--a still infrequently isolated pathogen in Austria (author's transl)]. 43 84

Bacteriological cultures were made from pigs' tongues bought in several Belgian butchers' shops, for 3 years in succession. From 302 samples 168 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were isolated, all of serotype 3, except three strains belonging to serotype 9. The isolation rate ranged from 53 to 62.5%, depending on the year. The modified Rappaport broth supplemented with carbenicillin proved to be highly superior to the cold enrichment method for recovering the organism from this material. It is assessed that Y. enterocolitica of serotype 3 is a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity of pigs in some countries. This source of organism might play a prominent part in the epidemiology of human infections caused by these bacteria.
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PMID:Carriage of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 by pigs as a source of human infection. 53 80

Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0 3 was isolated from 84 (30%) of 282 throat swab cultures from bacon pigs at slaughter. Other serotypes of Y.e. were not isolated. All the isolations were made by the cold-enrichment method. The serum agglutinin titres against serotype 0 3 were low in most of the pigs examined. The rate of isolation of the organism increased with rising serum titre. In Denmark, Y.e. serotype 0 3 would appear to be a common inhabitant of the throat of swine.
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PMID:Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in the throat of swine. 53 81

A new agar medium for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica was formulated based on growth studies which defined an optimum basal, and the evaluation of selective chemical agents, dyes, and antibiotics. The final formulation, designated cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin(CIN) agar, provided quantitative recovery of 40 different strains of Y. enterocolitica in 24 h using incubation at 32 degrees C or with 48 h of incubation at 22 degrees C. The medium was highly selective, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Colony morphology coupled with a differential reaction resulting from mannitol fermentation permitted discrimination of Y. enterocolitica from most of those Gram-negative bacteria that were able to grow on the medium. Recovery and selective characteristics of CIN agar were stable during storage at room temperature for 9 days. CIN agar gave a higher recovery of Y. enterocolitica from feces both direct and with cold enrichment (0.4/1.5%) than Salmonella-Shigella (0.0/0.7%) and MacConkey (0.0/0.9%) agars while significantly reducing the level of background organisms.
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PMID:Synthesis of a selective agar medium for Yersinia enterocolitica. 54 Feb 56

In the period July 1976 to June 1977 a total of 1358 fecal specimens and 165 mesenteric lymphnodes of healthy slaughterhouse pigs were examined for Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.). The animals originated from 215 farms in 86 localities of Northern Bavaria. Y.e. was found in fecal specimens of 371 pigs (27.3%). A total of 408 strains was isolated including 35 double and one triple infections. Most cultures belonged to serogroups O:6...(186 strains), O:7...(78 strains), and O:5...(71 strains, Table 3). The serogroups O:3 and O:9 which in Europe are most frequently associated with human disease were isolated from 26 animals (1.9%). Lymphnodes were positive in two instances only (1.2%). Besides aerobic subculture on SS-agar after cold enrichment in phosphate buffered saline anaerobic incubation was performed simultaneously during the last 8 months of the study. This method rendered more than twice as many isolations due to an effective inhibition of environmental bacteria with oxidative metabolism (mainly Pseudomonas spp.; Tables 3 and 4). The incidence of asymptomatic infections was markedly related to season. The lowest incidence was observed during the summer months (August 1976:0%) but increased steadily to a maximum in April 1977 (71.2%; Table 4). With one exception the serogroups O:3 and O:9 were only isolated during October to December (Fig. 1). Despite the frequent occurrence of Y.e. in healthy pigs the significance of these animals for human yersiniosis remains to be clarified. Especially the frequency of disease in infants and young children would not suggest porc meat as an important vehicle of transmission. It is imaginable that the human pathogenic serogroups O:3 and O:9 might be simultaneously adapted to several hosts with independent cycles of infection. Future investigations will mainly have to consider the elucidation of the hitherto unknown mode of transmission of human yersiniosis.
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PMID:[Season-related incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in fecal material of healthy slaughterhouse pigs (author's transl)]. 54 51


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