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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of preservation of the two kidneys of the same animal by two different techniques and then reimplanted on the same femoral artery, have been compared. The two methods are the following: 1) Short starting perfusion by Collins solution and than cold storage a 4 degrees C in the same solution. 2) Continuous perfusion by machine supplied by pulsatile pump, oxigenator, cooling. The first more impressive result by using continuous perfusion is the possibility of nullifying the effects of warm ischemia up to 30'. Kidney preservation with continuous perfusion is like to give less problems in the postoperatory period. Some weeks after transplantation however, the problems seems to increase in comparison with kidneys stored in Collins solution and not rarely sudden GFR decreases or anurias without immunologic rejection has been observed. Cautious conclusion should advise to use Collins solution when there has not been a long warm ischemia.
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PMID:[Kidney preservation methods (author's transl)]. 78 20

To determine whether perfusion preservation affected the structure and survival of kidney transplants, we correlated clinical and histologic data in 77 kidneys biopsied one hour after transplantation. Twenty-one of 36 perfusion-preserved kidneys had a glomerular capillary lesion suggestive of intravascular coagulation. None of 41 kidneys preserved by hypothermia alone had this lesion. Presence of the lesion did not correlate with donor or recipient characteristics, warm or cold ischemia time, HLA match, percentage of preformed lymphocytotoxic antibody titers or perfusion characteristics. Of 21 transplants with the lesion, nine required nephrectomy by one month, and one-month serum creatinine was less than 2.0 mg per deciliter in only three of the remaining 12 transplants. We conclude that perfusion preservation may cause pathologic changes that may adversely affect kidney-transplant function. The causes of the pathologic process remain unclear.
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PMID:Perfusion nephropathy in human transplants. 79 Jan 84

Renal preservation has contributed to improvements in human cadaver kidney transplantation in terms of viability testing and logistics. Unfortunately, the antigenicity of a kidney has not been reduced by our present preservation methods; consequently, immunologic problems in cadaver kidney transplantation still remain. Simple cold storage is an acceptable method for kidneys subjected to minimal warm ischemia. It can be used where anticipated storage time will not exceed 10 to 15 hours. Pulsatile or nonpulsatile machine perfusion will give better results especially when kidneys have sustained up to 60 minutes warm ischemia. Where there is also a need for storage time longer than 15 hours, perfusion should be used. Cryoprecipitated millipore-filtered plasma remains the most commonly used perfusate. Preservation really begins before the harvesting. Present preservation techniques cannot revive a dying kidney. No single test will determine the degree of viability of a kidney. A systematic multidisciplinary effort is needed to augment our understanding and knowlege about the effect of hypothermia on organs. Hopefully these efforts will result in the development of an organ bank whereby many more kidneys will be available for transplantation.
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PMID:Controversy in organ preservation. 79 Jul 30

Bilateral cervical autotransplantation of canine kidneys is described for comparative study of renal preservation techniques. Data are obtained from kidneys preserved by (1) initial intravascular flushing with modified Collins' C3 solution (Ursol) followed by cold storage, and (2) pulsatile perfusion (MOX 100). Preharvest condition of the donor and ischemia times are identical, thus eliminating major sources of potential data variation. Renal function studies performed at periodic intervals demonstrated better initial function for machine preservation but no difference after one to two-month period.
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PMID:Bilateral cervical transplantation of canine kidneys for study of canine renal preservation. 79 40

Uretero-cystostomy was used as reconstructive procedure in 298 cadaver kidney transplantations. Necrosis of the graft ureter occured in 10 cases (3.4%). 2 of these graft ureters had malformations and 1 was denuded at donor nephrectomy. The occurrence of ureteral necrosis was not related to histocompatibility or number of rejection crises nor to the duration of the warm ischemia. A higher incidence of ureteral necrosis after long cold ischemia is demonstrated, but the material is too small to permit conclusive evidence on this point.
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PMID:Ureteric necrosis after kidney transplantation. 80 Oct 99

Allopurinol, Collins' solution, and spermidine were tested for their ability to preserve nuclear function during kidney storage. Spermidine increased nuclear ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activity 25 to 43 percent after 60 minutes of warm ischemia. Collins' solution was less effective and allopurinol did not protect RNA polymerase activity. Spermidine offered little additional protection over Collins' during cold storage of RNA polymerase activity. Only spermidine prevented the decrease in the molecular weight of RNA transcribed following kidney storage. Only Collins' solution prevented the breakdown of rapidly labeled heterogenous high molecular weight RNA and ribosomal precursor RNA.
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PMID:Protection of nuclear function by various agents during organ storage. 84 69

A method is described which is of assistance in diagnosing Raynaud's phenomenon by making it possible to estimate the degree of cold sensitivity. 5-minute ischemia provoked by tourniquet round the wrist results in reactive finger hyperemia when the tourniquet is released. In 25 of 28 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, postischemia reactive hyperemia was suppressed by cooling the hand to between 10 and 20 degrees, but remained unchanged in normal subjects. The critical temperature at which Raynaud's phenomenon occurs can be determined in a given patient, and the natural history of the disease and the effect of treatment can be observed. Cold induced reactive hyperemia suppression is probably caused by Burton's critical closing phenomenon.
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PMID:[A useful method for the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon: cold suppression of reactive post-ischemic hyperemia in the fingers]. 92 46

Experimental examinations were performed in 22 dogs to find out the mechanism which leads to a permanent or a reversible damage of the renal parenchyma after normo- and hypothermic ischemia. For this reason the perfusion and the distribution were examined with 133Xe, the vascular changes by angiography, and the parenchymal function with 131I-Hippuran. After normothermic ischemia a short-term reactive hyperemia appeared, which however could not compensate the damage of the renal tubular cells and the resulting excretory insufficiency. After hypothermic ischemia the perfusion was reduced, probably as a consequence of a vasconstriction by cold, however, the function of the tubular cells remained intact, because of the protective mechanism of the hypothermia. The importance of these findings for the development of the so-called "shock-kidney" (acute tubular necrosis) and for the conservative renal surgery in hypothermia is discussed and the application of measures beneficial to perfusion, are suggested.
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PMID:[Changes in perfusion and blood flow distribution following normo- and hypothermic ischemia of the kidneys]. 98 Jul 93

Studies of the pulmonary circulation in normal man, performed with external radiation detectors, have shown that pulmonary blood volume is about 10% of total blood volume. Pulmonary blood volume was unchanged in patients with acute or chronic left atrial hypertension and in normal persons during expansion of total blood volume in spite of marked increases in pulmonary vascular pressures. However, pulmonary blood volume was greatly increased in patients with polycythemia rubra vera and a large total blood volume and in patients with a left to right shunt but normal pulmonary intravascular pressure. Studies of regional myocardial perfusion with injection of xenon-133 solution into the left coronary artery revealed localized areas of ischemia distal to stenotic lesions even when the patient was at rest. During angina produced by pacing, more severe ischemia occurred, thus suggesting that functional factors reduce local perfusion below resting levels. In patients with "variant" angina, intravenous injection of thallium-201 chloride during spontaneous attacks has revealed large cold areas in myocardial scintigrams not present under control conditions, thus suggesting severe transmural reduction of perfusion in heart muscle corresponding to S-T segment elevation in the electrocardiogram.
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PMID:Pathophysiologic studies of the pulmonary and coronary circulations in man. 99 14

The efficacy of Sacks solution for hypothermic preservation of dog kidneys was determined. Complete ischemia was produced in one kidney for thirty minutes by clamping the renal pedicle in situ, followed by excision and immediate washout with the cold preservation fluid. Kidneys were stored in Sacks solution at 2 degree C. for forty-eight hours, reimplanted in the donor, and the normal, contralateral kidney was removed. Complete reversal of renal impairment with long-term survival was observed in 2 of 9 animals. Of 7 animals with graft failure, 2 showed the beginning of a tendency to reverse a rising serum creatinine at the time of death or sacrifice. In the remaining 5, creatinine rose unrelentingly until death or sacrifice occurred. The observed 22 per cent survival rate was significantly (p less than 0.05) less than the 83 per cent survival reported by Sacks, Petritsch, and Kaufman. Evidence suggestive of intrarenal deposits of MgHPO4-3H2O was found in 2 of 4 dogs sacrificed for graft failure. This raises questions of the solution's safety as well as its efficacy. We are unable to confirm the success of the original investigators with this new preservation solution.
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PMID:Evaluation of Sacks solution for hypothermic preservation of kidneys. 110 20


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