Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gluconeogenic conditions, such as administration of triamcinolone or alloxan diabetes, cause the following changes in the molecular structure and properties of rabbit liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11): (1) the appearance of traces (about 10%) of a lighter subunit; (2) loss of tryptophan from all of the subunits, including those that show no apparent change in molecular weight; (3) increase in requirement for the positive allosteric effector, histidine; (4) increase in amount of enzyme, but not its specific activity. These changes are identical to those induced by cold or fasting, and are related to increased activities of lysosomal proteases. The results suggest that lysosomes may act as mediators of gluconeogenic stimuli.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal effects on structure and catalytic properties of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. 17 48

The factors that control adrenal steroid secretion and metabolism were investigated in rats made diabetic with Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and used one month after treatment. Diabetic animals possessed high resting levels of plasma corticosterone accompanied by adrenal hypertrophy; the showed an increased response to the stress of i.p. cold water injection. Moreover, the pituitaries of diabetic rats seemed to be releasing ACTH continuously and not storing it. Upon adrenal inhibition with Aminoglutethimide the expected increase in adrenal cholesterol and weight was of a smaller magnitude than in controls. The activity of liver enzymes that reduce ring A of corticosterone showed decreased activity in diabetics, which suggests that more corticosterone rather than its inactive metabolites were available to--but not able to suppress--the steroid feedback sites. The half-life of corticosterone in blood was similar in diabetes and controls. These results suggest that (a) diabetic animals were in a chronic stress condition; (b) the threshold for steroid feedback was less sensitive to variations in plasma corticosterone; (c) there is an abnormal peripheral disposal of corticosterone, but that other factors, besides the liver, regulate the clearance of the hormone from the circulation in the diabetic animals.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal regulation of adrenal function in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. 20 50

Cold non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins were found to be principally reactive against B lymphocytes. These antibodies were studied in 1335 patients with a wide range of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, Hashimoto's disease, asthma, diabetes, lymphoma, psoriasis, leukemia, multiple sclerosis, and also in healthy donors. Antibodies reactive to B lymphocytes in the cold or warm test conditions were not directed against HLA specificities. Since B lymphocytes differ from T lymphocytes principally in that they have surface immunoglobulin, it is postulated that at least one target antigen of cold lymphocyte cytotoxins is not a virus, infectious agent, or a genetically determined structural antigen, but, rather, simply immunoglobulin.
 ...
PMID:Non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins in various diseases. 31 13

We have studied the vesical function in 4 prediabetics, 11 latent diabetics, 11 recent onset insulin dependent diabetics and a control group of 6 normal individuals. We found in recent onset of diabetics disturbances of cystometric parameters in a statistically significant proportion. This proportion increases with the evolution of diabetes. The difference in sensitivity to cold water that we found betwee SDB and NBD was statistically significant, so the denomination 'hyposensitive bladder' is well applied in this fist phase of vesical neuropathy.
 ...
PMID:Study of bladder function in patients with prediabetes, latent diabetes, recent onset diabetes and juvenile diabetes. 52 7

A summary of the literature shows that there are well-marked seasonal variations in mortality for total deaths, for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and for diabetes, the mortality rate being higher in winter than in summer. These seasonal variations in mortality are seen in infants under 1 year of age and in older people but not in youths and young adults. The amplitude of the seasonal variation in mortality increases with increasing age because of the higher incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in older people. Seasonal variations in air temperature are a more important determinant of seasonal variations in respiratory and cardiovascular deaths than are fluctuations in air pollution; there is usually a time-lag of up to a week in the change in air temperature before the mortality rate for these diseases increases; a run of 4 - 5 days of stressful temperatures (either hot or cold) has more effect on mortality than an isolated hot or cold day. Examination of the seasonal variations in all causes of death of the four population groups in South Africa shows that Whites and Asians display the typical pattern of a winter high and a summer low mortality of populations in developed countries. The seasonal variation in mortality of Coloureds and Blacks is quite different. It shows two peaks, one in winter and one in summer. This bimodal pattern in the seasonal variation is due to the fact that one-third of all Coloured and Black deaths occur in infants under 1 year of age and most of these deaths occur in summer as a result of gastro-enteritis. Comparison was made of the seasonal variations in mortality rates for all causes of death and for respiratory and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) deaths of Whites over 40 years of age in Durban and Johannesburg. This showed that the seasonal variation for all causes of death is greater in Johannesburg than in Durban, i.e. proportionately more older Whites die during winter in Johannesburg than in Durban. The reason for this difference is that the seasonal variation in respiratory disease mortality is much greater in Johannesburg than it is in Durban, but the seasonal variation in IHD mortality is the same in the two cities.
 ...
PMID:Climate and disease. 69 79

Four patients with diabetes mellitus of juvenile onset but without uremia have been treated with segmental transplantation of the body and tail of pancreas. The indications were hyperlabile diabetes or progressive loss of vision. The grafts were procured from cadaveric donors four to 16 minutes after circulary arrest and were subsequently stored in the cold for approximately four hours. In one patient, the pancreatic duct was ligated, while in the other three, drainage was attained by suturing the transected end of the pancreas into a jejunal Roux-en-Y loop. Three of the grafts failed within six weeks as a result of irreversible refection, and one graft failed because of the early onset of venous thrombosis. The first sign of graft rejection was an increase in the postprandial blood sugar level, an increase in the fasting blood sugar level occurring several days later. Neither hyperamylasemia nor fever was observed. Radioisotope scans and angiograms were of great value in establishing the diagnosis of graft rejection. All of the patients survived after graft removal.
 ...
PMID:Rejection of isolated pancreatic allografts in patients with with diabetes. 79 66

Ten patients with pregangrenous and gangrenous changes of the toes in the presence of normal peripheral pulses are described. In the absence of diabetes this is an uncommon condition and is only rarely reported upon in the literature. Four patients had non occlusive arteriosclerotic changes in large arteries; three suffered from thrombocytosis and one from polycythemia vera; one patient had a monoclonal gamopathy and one was exposed to cold three months before the onset of gangrene. None of these patients smoked regularly. Severe pain usually preceded the gangrene. The process did not progress proximally in any patients, and in those who underwent toe amputations the healing was uneventful. Vasodilators and low-molecular dextran were not effective. Lumbar sympathectomy was performed in three patients, also with no effect on the course of the disease. Treatment of hematological disorders gave relief in three patients. Proximal arteriosclerotic changes should be corrected if possible to eliminate a source of emboli. In two patients anti-platelet aggregation agents provided relief. Toe amputation should be conservative and performed when definite demarcation appears between necrotic and viable tissue. This condition has a benign prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Gangrene of toes with normal peripheral pulses. 84 22

Insulin resistance and the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increas efficiency of glucose uptake were determined in 24 nonobese individuals: eight subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance, eight patients with chemical diabetes, and eight nonketotic patients with fasting hyperglycemia (greater than 150 mg. per cent). Insulin resistance was estimated by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose response to a continuous infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. This approach permits us to inhibit levels of exogenous insulin, and use the height of the steady-state plasma glucose response as a direct estimate of insulin resistance. The ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increase efficiency of glucose uptake was calculated from the results of two studies in which a continuous infusion of 3H-2-glucose was used to measure glucose turnover rate. The first study was performed after an overnight fast, under conditions of basal insulin levels, while the second was conducted during the infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. Hepatic glucose production is equal to glucose turnover rate during the basal study and is equal to glucose turnover rate minus the infusion rate of cold glucose during the second study. Glucose uptake in both studies is equal to glucose turnover rate minus urinary glucose loss, and the efficiency of glucose uptake is calculated by dividing glucose uptake by the plasma glucose pool size. The mean (+/- S.E.) steady-state plasma glucose response was 113 +/- 9 mg. per cent in normal subjects, 205 +/- 14 mg. per cent in chemical diabetics, and 346 +/- 30 mg. per cent in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, insulin resistance exists in monoketotic diabetes, and the greater the degree of glucose intolerance, the greater the insulin resistance. The resistance to the insulin infusion in patients with chemical diabetes seemed to be mainly a function of the inability of insulin to increase efficiency of glucose uptake, since insulin did retain its ability to inhibit glucose production (although not to normal levels). In contrast, the infusion of insulin neither inhibited hepatic glucose production nor increased efficienty of glucose uptake in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, the insulin resistance that exists in patients with nonketotic diabetes cannot be considered to be a global phenomenon. Significant differences exist in the responsiveness of various tissues to the two general aspects of insulin's action on glucose homeostasis, and these differences provide a physiologic basis for the variations in degree of over-all insulin resistance that are present in the three groups of subjects.
Diabetes 1976 Aug
PMID:Locating the site(s) of insulin resistance in patients with nonketotic diabetes mellitus. 95 98

Blood glucose and plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were determined in full-term rats delivered by cesarean section and exposed to 37 degrees C. or 24 degrees C. environmental temperature during the first hours of extrauterine life. When newborn rats were maintained at thermal neutrality (37 degrees C.), a transient period of hypoglycemia of two hours occurred, associated with a rapid fall in plasma insulin and a rise in plasma glucagon concentrations. During cold exposure (24 degrees C.), the blood glucose level remained stable over the four hours studied; the decrease of plasma insulin was sluggish while the rise of plasma glucagon was unchanged. In newborn rats maintained at 37 degrees C., an intraperitoneal glucose load one hour after delivery produced a marked rise in blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations one hour later. The distribution of experimental points suggested a sigmoidal dose-response curve. By contrast in newborn rats kept at room temperature (24 degrees C.) the same glucose load did not induce any increase in plasma insulin in spite of hyperglycemia. However, phentolamine resulted in pronounced plasma insulin rise in hypothermic newborns in response to glucose administration. From these observations it is concluded that the in-vivo unresponsiveness of the beta cells to glucose at birth, reported by others, is mainly due to the experimental conditions.
Diabetes 1976 Nov
PMID:Effect of environmental temperature on glucose-induced insulin response in the newborn rat. 99 23

An earlier report described cutaneous lesions, consisting of erythema with or without necrosis, on the legs and/or feet of elderly diabetics and the cause was suggested to be an altered reaction to precipitating factors such as cardiac decompensation. The present investigation concerns the cutaneous reactions to traumatization with local heat or cold to the skin of legs and forearms of 35 diabetics and 25 controls. Petechiae within the area of traumatization with either heat or cold were observed more often in diabetics than in controls. They occurred more frequently on the legs than on the forearms. Among the controls, petechiae were observed only in those over 50 years of age and only on the legs. In the diabetics under 50, petechiae were almost always observed when the duration of diabetes was 10 years or more but seldom in young patients with diabetes of short duration. The duration of diabetes was not significantly related to the occurrence of petechiae in diabetics over 50. In these diabetics, moreover, petechiae developed after traumatization with heat of a lower temperature than that which caused petechiae to appear in corresponding controls. The initial skin lesions in dermopathia diabetica (Melin) have a reddened border. The skin of the legs of some of the diabetics developed an intensely reddened border round the area of experimental heat or cold traumatization. These patients were either elderly diabetics or younger patients with diabetes of long duration. Each of them had dermopathia diabetica and each developed atrophic circumscribed skin lesions on the site of traumatization. Nineteen diabetics had dermopathia diabetica and 16 of them developed atrophic circumscribed skin lesions on the site of traumatization, lesions which were never seen in the controls. Thus, diabetics differ from controls in their reaction to a certain thermal trauma. The possible reasons for this altered reaction are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Cutaneous reactions of the extremities of diabetics to local thermal trauma. 118 89


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>