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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 24 and 48 hours' cold stress on the hamsters' adrenomedullary follicles and on the medullary ATPase activity was studied by light and electron microscopy. Only norepinephrine cells were depleted after this stress, and exocytosis seemed to be the mechanism involved in the release of catecholamine. Follicles containing these cells expanded and their lumina became narrow. A few other cellular and follicular changes also occurred and are described. ATPase activity was apparent in control organs along the endothelial linings, in neural elements and macrophages, and in approximately 40% of the linings of follicular lumina. Cold stress did not alter this pattern. These results have been compared with previous findings and the possible functions of the follicular lumina are discussed. It is concluded that they are unlikely sites for catecholamine storage or release.
Anat Rec 1975 Jan
PMID:Ultrastructural and histochemical study of the adrenal medulla in normal and cold-stressed Syrian hamsters. 12 1

Raised levels of atmospheric carbon monoxide, associated with malfunctioning gas-fired creep heaters and inadequate ventilation, appeared responsible for an increased incidence of stillbirths in two herds. In one, a concentration of 180 to 200 ppm of carbon monoxide was readily produced. Both problems resolved when the ventilation and heating were improved, the incidence of stillbirths in one herd falling from 28 to 6.7 per cent. It is suggested that similar incidents may have occurred during cold weather but have been ascribed to other causes.
Vet Rec 1979 Mar 31
PMID:Increased incidence of still birth in piglets associated with levels of atmospheric carbon monoxide. 47 18

Following sudden exposure to extreme cold, a group of 15-week-old pigs exhibited strange nervous signs which included arching the back, a high stepping gait, violent tremors of the whole body and screaming. The animals lowered themselves and once sitting, the tremors and screaming stopped. But if forced to rise, these signs recurred. When the pigs returned to a warmer environment, they rapidly recovered. An acute clinical myopathy caused by a marginal vitamin E deficiency was suspected. Other stress-induced factors, such as circulatory collapse caused by movement from a warm to a cold environment, were also thought to have contributed towards the myopathy.
Vet Rec 1979 Sep 22
PMID:Suspected acute myopathy of pigs. 51 11

Colored cold setting acrylic cement was injected through catheters into the arteries and veins of sixteen gravid uteri obtained from pigs at various stages of pregnancy. After the cement had set hard, the reproductive tracts were macerated in concentrated acid and the vascular casts resulting were washed clean of digested tissues. Small pieces of cast were coated with gold and viewed by means of a scanning electron microscope. Early in pregnancy the capillary network consists of low parallel ranks of ridges and troughs; later, cross ridging was observed which developed in complexity as pregnancy progressed. The density of capillaries comprising the microvascular network also increased towards term. No comparable changes were noted in the relatively less well vascularized areas surrounding the mouths of the uterine glands. This technique surmounted the problems of obtaining an adequate depth of focus for viewing the capillary network of the gravid uterus with the light microscope. The relationships that the blood vessels bore to the overlying epithelial layers were discussed and the inference tentatively drawn that blood flow at the capillary level was from ridge top to trough base.
Anat Rec 1976 Apr
PMID:Uterine vasculature of the pregnant pig: a scanning electron microscope study. 94 71

Mouse anterior pituitary cells cultured for 2 days were stimulated with one of three biotinylated-GnRH probes ([biotinyl-Lys6]-[D-Lys6]GnRH, [biotinyl-Ser4]-[D-Lys6]GnRH, [biotinyl-Ser4]-[D-Trp6, des-Gly10]GnRH) in the cold (4 degrees C) for 1 hr. These cells were subsequently fixed and an avidin-gold complex was conjugated to the bound GnRH. After a second fixation, the gold label was silver-enhanced for viewing with a scanning electron microscope. Gonadotropes were identified as a result of the labeling procedure, measured for size, and the number of GnRH receptor sites counted. Gonadotropes ranged from 3 to 13 microns in diameter and contained from 23.2 +/- 3.3 to 338.4 +/- 25.2 sites per cell depending upon the size of the cell and the ligand employed. The methods described should be applicable for studying the topographical distribution of a variety of cellular receptors.
Anat Rec 1992 May
PMID:Topographical mapping of GnRH receptors on dispersed mouse pituitary cells by backscattered electron imaging. 131 44

The increase in both glucose 6-phosphatase and hexokinase activities in brown adipose tissues of cold-exposed mice probably relates to thermogenesis by the substrate cycle between glucose 6-phosphate and glucose (Watanabe et al.: Anatomical Record 219:39-44, 1987). To clarify the factors causing the simultaneous increase, we examined biochemically the effects of uni- or bilateral surgical denervation of brown adipose tissues, of adrenalectomy, or of streptozotocin injection on the increase in the two activities in the tissues of cold-exposed mice. Further, the effects of denervation on the increase were also examined histochemically. The simultaneous increase in the two activities was inhibited in the denervated tissues of cold-exposed animals in biochemical and histochemical experiments. However, the increase in the activities was not inhibited in the tissues of animals exposed to cold after adrenalectomy or streptozotocin injection. The results suggest strongly that the activation of the substrate cycle in brown adipose tissues of cold-exposed mice is caused by a transmitter released from sympathetic nerve endings, probably norepinephrine.
Anat Rec 1990 Mar
PMID:Neuronal regulation of substrate cycle between glucose 6-phosphate and glucose in brown adipose tissues of cold-exposed mice. 215 53

Primary cultures of cardiac myocytes from normal and genetically cardiomyopathic (CM) newborn hamsters (strain UM X7.1) were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy after 3, 5, 7, and 9 days in culture. The cultures were fixed in cold acetone and immunostained by an indirect method using FITC-labelled anti-alpha-actinin to label the myofibrillar Z bands. Most normal and CM myocytes appeared round in shape after 3 days in culture. Normal cardiac myocytes began to exhibit cytoplasmic projections after 5 days in culture and their myofibrils usually showed parallel arrangements with respect to each other. The cardiac cells from CM hearts showed an obvious myofibril disarray. Moreover, projections formed later than normal. As the size of the cells increased, more and more projections formed in normal hamster myocytes during development. By contrast, most of the cardiomyopathic myocytes showed few projections even as late as 9 days in culture. Hence, the number of projections per cell was much less in cardiomyopathic myocytes than in normal, especially after 7 and 9 days in culture. These results suggest that cardiomyopathic cells have abnormal shapes in culture and, in particular, fail to form projections as in normal cells. Whether this unusual behavior is related to an abnormality of the membranes or cytoskeletal system in cardiomyopathic heart cells or to some other factor requires further study.
Anat Rec 1990 Sep
PMID:Immunofluorescent studies for alpha-actinin in cultured cardiomyopathic hamster heart cells. 224 Jun 1

The sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation, gel diffusion and ELISA tests for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection of rams have been compared using three different antigenic preparations. The antigens obtained by petroleum ether - chloroform - phenol, or cold saline extractions gave poorer diagnostic results than those obtained by hot saline extraction in all the tests. The best sensitivity was obtained with the ELISA (97.6 per cent) followed by the gel diffusion (96.4 per cent) and complement fixation tests (92.7 per cent). The gel diffusion test detected as positive the two rams negative in the ELISA, while the complement fixation test did not improve the sensitivity of the other tests. Under these conditions all the tests were 100 per cent specific when testing sera from rams free of B ovis.
Vet Rec 1989 Nov 11
PMID:Comparison of three serological tests for Brucella ovis infection of rams using different antigenic extracts. 251 15

Cytochemical and biochemical glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity was examined in brown adipose tissues of normal, cold-exposed, or starved mice. In addition, G6Pase activity in white adipose tissue and hexokinase activity in brown and white adipose tissues were biochemically measured. In normal animals, the reaction product for G6Pase activity was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of brown adipose cells. The amount of the reaction product increased in cold-exposed or starved animals. Biochemical G6Pase activity (259.7 +/- 48.5 ng Pi/min/mg protein) in brown adipose tissues of normal animals was higher when the value was compared with values of other organs. Biochemical G6Pase and hexokinase activities increased rapidly in brown adipose tissues of cold-exposed animals, and a close relation was found between activities of the two enzymes. In brown adipose tissues of animals starved for 3 days, biochemical G6Pase activity increased, but hexokinase activity did not change. In white adipose tissues of normal, cold-exposed, or starved animals, G6Pase activity was very low, although the enzyme activity increased slightly in animals starved for 3 days. The results show that the high G6Pase activity in brown adipose cells probably relates to thermogenesis in cold-exposed animals and may be concerned with glucose release into the blood in starved animals.
Anat Rec 1987 Sep
PMID:Significance of increase in glucose 6-phosphatase activity in brown adipose cells of cold-exposed and starved mice. 282 61

The measles virus is known to infect several species of monkeys. A group of 87 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was screened to observe whether there was an association between measles and the cold symptoms seen in most of the animals. Another 23 monkeys were vaccinated with attenuated measles vaccine and their antibody titres monitored to ascertain whether the vaccine would protect them against measles.
Vet Rec 1989 Feb 25
PMID:Measles in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). 292 98


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