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Query: UMLS:C0009402 (colorectal cancer)
 53,228 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The subject of sodium toxicity has been controversial for a long time. There is no question that the element can be noxious when consumed acutely in large quantities and there is little doubt as to cause and effect Conversely the consequences of mederate chronic sodium consumption are much harder to document. The effects are insidious and are subject to modification by a variety of environmental influences such as dietary potassium. In addition most studies of chronic sodium excess have dealt with elusive subject of "essential" hypertension. Interpretations of data have been very difficult, and conflicting reports have occurred. Nevertheless epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies show that chronic excess sodium ingestion acting upon a substrate of genetic susceptibility, is an important etiologic factor in essential hypertension and the expression of its sequelae. Positive correlations have also have been obtained between dietary salt and the incidence of stroke and gastric cancer. Dietary potassium appears to confer some degree of protection from the toxic properties of sodium through some unknown mechanism. Available evidence indicates that a suitable intake of salt for man might be approximately 3.5 g/day and probably less. Salt consumption in most developed countries ranges between 8 to 40 g/day, and modern methods of food processing and preparation deplete the protective potassium. The incidences of hypertension in these countries range between 15 to 40% of their populations, and it exacts a dreadful toll. Recognition of the toxic properties of sodium and knowledge of the mechanisms involved in its toxicity offer great possibilities in the area of preventive medicine It may be possible by the sorting out of hypertension-prone subjects and dietary intervention to prevent or minimize the development of hypertension in susceptible individuals. This says nothing of other aspects of sodium toxicity, of which we are largely ignorant.
CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 1978 Sep
PMID:The toxicity of salt. 35 85


CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1978 Sep
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae: immunology and immunoprotection. 35 42


CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1978 Sep
PMID:Behavior and the excitable membrane in Paramecium. 35 43

The combination of Ftorafur (NSC-148958) and methyl-CCNU (NSC-95441) was evaluated in 36 patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The principle toxicities encountered were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal, and neurological. There were no complete responses and only 5/34 (14.7%) patients achieved a partial response. Methyl-CCNU and Ftorafur does not appear to be an effective combination in advanced adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum.
Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Phase I-II study of ftorafur and methyl-CCNU in advanced colorectal cancer. 38 75


CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1977 Sep
PMID:Microbial oxidation of methyl branched alkanes. 41 May 88

Since the food supply is dependent upon an effective packaging system, threats to packaging represent implied threats to food processing and distribution. Enacted and potential legislation and regulation are retarding technological and commercial progress in food packaging and have already restricted some food packaging/processins systems. The results of these external influences is not simply the sum of the individual acts, but is a cascading self-imposed arresting of food packaging/processing advancement. The technological bases for the enacted and proposed legislation and regulation are presented in the enumeration of the external influences on food packaging. Economic and sociological arguments and facts surrounding the issues are also presented. Among the external influences on food packaging detailed are indirect additives, nutritional labeling, benefit:risk, solid waste and litter, environmental pollution, universal product code, and food industry productivity. The magnitude of the total impact of these external influences upon the food supply is so large that assertive action must be taken to channel these influences into more productive awareness. An objective and comprehensive public communications program supported by the technological community appears mandatory.
CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Impact of external influences on food packaging. 41 29

A voluntary colorectal screening program was carried out in North Carolina to evaluate the public's willingness to perform a do-it-yourself bowel test, to educate the public on the importance of routine colorectal screening, and to assess the efficacy of a small-scale screening program in detecting colorectal cancer. A screening kit was requested by 1,204 individuals after hearing or reading about the program; 770 kits were returned. Of 29 (3.7%) positive test results, six were negative after retesting. Adequate follow-up was available for 18 of the remaining 23 positive results. Thirteen were due to anal bleeding, diverticulosis, or heavy ingestion of aspirin; five were considered false-positive results, since no evidence of disease could be found. No cases of polypoid tumors or carcinoma were detected. The main value of such a program in an area with a small population base is to increase the awareness of the public of the importance of routine screening for colorectal cancer.
South Med J 1979 Sep
PMID:Screening for colorectal cancer. 47 41

It is proposed, based on in vitro studies on hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes (adenomatosis of the colon and rectum, ACR), that the presence/absence of specific abnormal culture phenotypes within and between such ACR kindreds will demonstrate the interaction of a modifying allele with its proposed major polyposis gene, influencing expression of this major gene, at least in vitro. Such in vitro evidence would suggest that the variability of clinical phenotype was due, at least in part, to such gene-gene interaction and this should be considered as well as the influence of enviornmental agents on the development of both pre-malignant lesions and clinical cancer in such cancer-prone families.
Med Hypotheses 1979 Sep
PMID:Role of modifying alleles in the heritable colorectal cancer syndromes with polyps. 52 8

The classic symptoms and signs of colorectal cancer (change in bowel habits, weight loss, melena or a palpable abdominal mass) signify advanced disease. Improvements in survival rates have not occurred in the last 15 years because the majority of patients have metastases at the time of surgery. Asymptomatic patients are detected by routinely screening stools for occult blood. If practiced routinely, this technique will improve survival statistics by identifying patients and instituting treatment at an earlier stage of disease.
Am Fam Physician 1978 Sep
PMID:The detection of asymptomatic colorectal cancer. 68 2

CEA plasma levels obtained prior to definitive surgery in patients with colorectal cancer in our hands have predictive ability. An elevated CEA greater than 2.5 ng/ml recorded by our laboratory means an increased risk of subsequent local recurrence or of later metastatic disease. The question as to whether or not this is additive as a prognostic variable when tested against careful histopathological staging remains. As a monitor, CEA will detect recurrence. Again, the problem as to how accurate this is remains. If we use two consecutive elevations of plasma CEA greater than 2.5 ng/ml as a criteria, we encounter about 15% false positives which must be weighed against finding disease significantly earlier in about one-third of the patients followed. Our data for second-look procedures indicate clearly that when used in patients with an elevated CEA laparotomy may be useful and further studies showed the presence of disease in 11 of 14 patients with an elevation following surgery for two consecutive tests were greater than 2.5 ng/ml. Two were operable. The significance of these findings is described.
Cancer 1978 Sep
PMID:Pre- and postoperative uses of CEA. 70 9


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