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Query: UMLS:C0009402 (colorectal cancer)
 53,228 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A unique opportunity to evaluate the method of chemical lymph node clearance for colorectal cancer exists at Ferguson Hospital. Lymph node clearance has been used at the institution since 1977, and this retrospective analysis was undertaken to ascertain its validity there. Furthermore, the node positive group was evaluated to ascertain if the current staging system (Turnbull, 1967) is prognostically accurate for the Dukes' C group. Specifically evaluated for possible prognostic variance was the survival of those patients whose tumors demonstrated partial bowel wall penetration and only one to four positive nodes, a "C1 subset," previously reported to have favorable prognosis. Eight hundred sixty-four cases of colon and rectal cancer treated surgically from 1977 to 1982 were analyzed. There was a mean of 27 lymph nodes retrieved per specimen and a mean of 4.5 positive nodes per Dukes' C specimen. There were 43 C1 and 201 C2 cases with five-year survival rates of 73 and 38 percent, respectively. The results of chemical clearance at Ferguson Hospital were found to be comparable with that of other centers using chemical clearance and superior to hand dissection. The C1 subset clearly is noted to have prognostic advantage and should occupy a separate designation in any staging system.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Nov
PMID:A critical review of chemical lymph node clearance and staging of colon and rectal cancer at Ferguson Hospital, 1977 to 1982. 203 32

Five-year survival data were obtained in 97 percent or 1105 of 1140 new patients with histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma during a 12-month period in 1981 and 1982, as part of a large comprehensive population-based study of colorectal cancer incidence, etiology, and survival, The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Fifteen percent of patients were Dukes' A stage, 32 percent were Dukes' B, 25 percent were Dukes' C, and 29 percent were Dukes' D. At five years after diagnosis, the observed survival rate was 36 percent and the adjusted rate was 42 percent. Dukes' staging was a highly discriminating factor in survival (P less than 0.001). Survival rates were better in women than in men and better for patients with colon cancer than for patients with rectal cancer. Survival by Dukes' staging was not affected by colon subsite or by the tumor being the first and single tumor, metachronous tumor, or synchronous tumor. The survival of younger patients was better for Dukes' stages A, B, and C, and worse for Dukes' D. Survival was worse in the presence of bowel perforation in Dukes' C and D stages. Within Dukes' D (incurable cases), survival was best in the absence of hepatic metastases, slightly worse when only hepatic metastases were present, and poorest in the presence of both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases. Statistical modeling of survival determinants other than staging indicated that cell differentiation had the largest effect (survival decreasing with poor cell differentiation), followed by site (survival worse for rectal cancer than colon cancer), then age (survival better for younger patients), while bowel perforation had the smallest effect on survival.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Nov
PMID:Survival in patients with large-bowel cancer. A population-based investigation from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. 222 81

The erythrocyte stearic:oleic acid ratio (saturation index) was investigated as a means of differentiating between control subjects (n = 146) and patients with benign (n = 48) and malignant (n = 117) colorectal disease and patients undergoing postoperative follow-up after curative resection (n = 49). Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Neither age, sex, Dukes' stage, nor degree of differentiation of the tumors had a significant effect on the erythrocyte saturation index. The erythrocyte saturation index was lower in patients with primary and recurrent colorectal cancer compared with control subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel disease or benign colonic polyps (P less than 0.0001). The erythrocyte saturation index was not found to be useful in the postoperative follow-up of these patients. Using both saturation index and age as a means of differentiating between patients with primary colorectal cancer and control subjects gave a sensitivity of 67 percent and a specificity of 81 percent.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Dec
PMID:Erythrocyte stearic acid desaturation in patients with colorectal carcinoma. 224 96

An analog of diarylsulfonylurea, LY 186641 has a broad spectrum activity against murine solid tumors including Colon 26 and LX-1. Preclinical evaluation of the anticancer activity of LY 186641 using the subrenal capsule assay was performed in fresh human tumor samples derived from 87 patients with various cancers and 70 (80%) samples were evaluable. The overall chemosensitivity rate of LY 186641 was 37% and the average tumor growth inhibition rates (TGIRs) of malignant lymphoma, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer were 51 +/- 19%, 51 +/- 20% and 48 +/- 12%, respectively. The antitumor effect obtained by LY 186641 was comparable to that of the standard anticancer drugs including adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin evaluated in this assay simultaneously. Based upon these results, LY 186641 is considered to have antitumor activity against some human cancers.
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PMID:[Antitumor activity of N-(5-indanylsulfonyl)-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)-urea, LY 186641 against various human cancers using subrenal capsule assay]. 229 41

In a prospective study of 35 patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, the mitogenic activity of plasma was measured using 3T3 Swiss fibroblasts as target cells. Transfused patients exhibited a 100 percent increase in mitogenic activity over preoperative values compared with no significant change in nontransfused patients. Samples were taken from blood during 28 days of storage following donation, and mitogenic activity measured. The mitogenic activity increased with storage time, the principal changes occurring from the end of the second week. The increased mitogenic activity in patients following transfusion and in stored blood may be a factor in the mediation of the deleterious effect of transfusion on recurrence in colorectal cancer and perhaps "fresh" blood, if required, should be used.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Feb
PMID:Recurrence of colorectal cancer and perioperative blood transfusion. Is blood storage time important? 229 98

Total sialic acid (TSA), total protein (TP), TSA normalized to total TP (TSA/TP), and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were determined in 146 consecutive colorectal patients. These results were compared with results from 73 people with nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease, and with results from 96 normal controls. All malignancies were staged according to the Astler-Coller modification of Dukes' classification for colorectal cancer. All blood samples were drawn before surgical therapy. The TSA/TP ratio for colorectal cancer was 13.4 (mg/gm) in contrast to 12.1 (mg/gm) for pathologic controls, and 9.7 (mg/gm) for normal controls. Student's t test showed a P value less than 0.001 for normal controls and a P value less than 0.001 for pathologic controls. The TSA/TP also showed statistical significance in Dukes A, B2, C, and D subgroups when compared with normal controls. There were only four patients with stage C1 carcinoma, thus statistical analysis would be questionable. In contrast, carcinoembryonic antigen levels showed no significant elevations until Dukes C2 tumors were encountered. These preliminary findings suggest that TSA/TP ratio may detect colorectal cancer patients with less tumor burden and be more beneficial as a tumor marker than CEA for monitoring patients with colorectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Feb
PMID:Serum sialic acid and carcinoembryonic levels in the detection and monitoring of colorectal cancer. 229

Primary aortoenteric fistula is rare. The most common cause is atherosclerosis, followed by infection and carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. A case of spontaneous aortojejunal fistula due to recurrent colorectal cancer is reported.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Feb
PMID:Primary aortoenteric fistula due to recurrent colorectal cancer. Report of a case. 229 2

Large-bowel cancer in young patients is reported to be a more aggressive and advanced disease at presentation and is believed to be associated with a relatively poor prognosis. Of 2420 patients registered in New Zealand (1968 to 1970), 131 were under 40 years of age and 2289 were over 40 years of age. The annual average incidence of treatable colorectal cancer in patients under 40 years of age was 2.36 per 100,000 and 82.93 in patients over 40 years of age. There were predominantly more females in both age groups with colonic tumors, 50:44 (female:male), and 759:652 (female:male). The rectal tumor male-to-female ratio of 1:0.68 in those over 40 years of age was reversed in those under 40 years of age (1:2.08). There was no significant difference in the subsite distribution of colorectal cancer between the two groups. There was a higher proportion of Stage 1 tumors in those under 40 years of age and a correspondingly higher proportion of Stage 2 tumors in those over 40 years of age. The overall crude and relative five-year survival rates for patients under 40 years of age were both 60 percent, whereas the crude rate for older patients was 42 percent, with a corresponding relative rate of 53 percent. Ten-year survival rates were generally higher in younger patients. From this study, there was no evidence to suggest that younger patients (less than 40 years old) with colorectal cancer had worse prognoses and did not survive as long as older patients (40 years and over).
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 May
PMID:Large-bowel cancer in the young: a national survival study. 232 23

The frequency of colorectal neoplasia was assessed through colonoscopy in 114 patients with a family history of colorectal cancer. In over 90 percent of patients, a first-degree relative was affected. Twenty-one percent of patients who were studied endoscopically were positive for neoplastic disease, including two invasive cancers. Twenty-eight percent of patients had adenomas beyond the splenic flexure. Multiple primary relatives further increased risk with 36 percent positive for neoplasia. Neoplasia was common in young patients, with 25 percent under the age of 40 years positive for adenomas. These findings are identical to recent pedigree studies and further support a genetic basis for common colorectal cancers. First-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer should be considered at high-risk for colorectal neoplasia. Screening and surveillance with colonoscopy is recommended.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Jun
PMID:Heredity and colorectal cancer. A prospective, community-based, endoscopic study. 224 4

Immunoperoxidase staining of LICR-LON M8, a mouse monoclonal antibody reactive with epithelial membrane antigen, showed a strong reaction with colorectal cancer. This finding prompted an immunoscintigraphic study of colorectal cancer patients using this antibody. Sixteen patients had external gamma scintigraphy after intravenous injection of indium 111-labeled M8. Positive scans were obtained in 11 of the 13 patients with primary colorectal cancers, and 2 of the 3 patients with recurrent tumors. The high indium 111 background in the liver prevented the detection of hepatic metastases in 5 patients. Twelve patients had samples taken of tumor, normal colon, and venous blood at the time of surgery. The ratio of labeled antibody uptake in tumor to that of blood was 5.1 (+/- 3.6 S.D.), which was significantly different (P = 0.001) to that of the similar ratio for normal colon (2.0 +/- 1.6 S.D.). The tumor to normal colon uptake ratio was 2.6 (+/- 1.3 S.D.). These results suggest a specific uptake of indium 111-labeled M8 by colorectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Feb
PMID:Immunoscintigraphy of colorectal cancer with an antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). 240 13


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