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Query: UMLS:C0009402 (colorectal cancer)
 53,228 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgical palliation of advanced gastrointestinal malignancy is often accompanied by high morbidity and limited success. To evaluate the role of ablative laser therapy in palliation, we reviewed our experience with 30 consecutive patients who presented with symptoms of obstruction, bleeding, or pain from unresectable tumors of the esophagus (20), Stomach (4), or rectum (6). Overall, 97 laser treatments were administered endoscopically with a Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser using average energy per treatment of 4525 joules. Forty per cent of the patients received their therapy as outpatients and all were given only light intravenous sedation. The symptomatic response was good to excellent in 70 per cent of patients but five (16.7%) subsequently developed recurrences requiring further laser ablation. Performance status was improved in 19 of 20 patients with esophageal cancer. Few of the gastric or colorectal cancer patients noted changes in performance status since concomitant medical illnesses often limited their overall function. There was one mortality within 30 days from esophageal tumor cachexia and two patients experienced moderately severe visceral pain. No perforation or fistulizations occurred. This experience confirms that a Nd:YAG laser photo-ablation is safe and effective when palliation is indicated for advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Laser palliation for gastrointestinal malignancy. 244 6

Review of detailed Chilean cancer mortality data for 1973-78 reveals that gastric cancer overshadows all other sites, with Chile second in the world in age-adjusted mortality rate. An excess of male deaths is seen for all cancer sites combined except in 2 age groups, i.e., 30-39 and 40-49 years, in which more female deaths occur. Stomach, lung, and esophageal cancers show a male:female ratio up to 4.7. Females experience higher mortality than males from gallbladder cancer; Chile has the highest death rate in the world from this cancer and also from other gallbladder diseases. In addition, Chile also has the highest death rate in the world for cancer of the cervix. An excess of female deaths is seen for colorectal cancer, whereas figures for cancer of the pancreas reveal only a slight excess of male deaths. This varied picture makes Chile an excellent setting in which one can study the epidemiology of cancer sites.
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PMID:Descriptive epidemiology of cancer in Chile: 1973-78. 717 72

Gangliosides such as GD3, GM2, and GD2 are abundantly expressed on the cell surfaces of various malignant cells, suggesting the potential for anti-ganglioside antibody therapy for tumors. Anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody treatment is currently undergoing clinical trials for melanoma and neuroblastoma. We previously reported high in vivo antitumor effects of anti-GM2 ganglioside antibody against lung cancer. To determine whether anti-GM2 antibody may be clinically indicated for gastrointestinal cancers, we evaluated the mRNA expression of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase, a GD3 synthase, and beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta1,4 GalNAc-T), a GM2/GD2 synthase, in gastrointestinal cancers. We performed modified semi-quantitative RT-PCR, which reduces complexity incidental to radiolabeling on samples taken from small surgically removed clinical specimens. Stomach (19/22) and colorectal (21/30) cancers showed decreased expression of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase as compared with respective normal tissues (P < 0.05). In contrast, increased expression of beta1,4 GalNAc-T was detected in both types of tumors. Clinicopathological analysis revealed significantly higher expression level of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase in the poorly differentiated than in the well-differentiated stomach cancer group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase was significantly decreased in male as compared with female colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.05). These results suggest that expression level of GM2 ganglioside is elevated in gastrointestinal cancer, and that anti-GM2 antibody may be applicable to its treatment.
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PMID:Decreased expression of alpha2,8 sialyltransferase and increased expression of beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in gastrointestinal cancers. 1185 18

Stomach and colorectal cancers are common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths. Because the alimentary tract can interact directly with dietary components, stomach and colorectal cancer may be closely related to dietary intake. We systematically searched published literature written in English via PubMed by searching for terms related to stomach and colorectal cancer risk and dietary flavonoids up to June 30, 2012. Twenty-three studies out of 209 identified articles were finally selected for the analysis. Log point effect estimates and the corresponding standard errors were calculated using covariate-adjusted point effect estimates and 95%CIs from the selected studies. Total dietary flavonoid intake was not associated with a reduced risk of colorectal or stomach cancer [odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) = 1.00 (0.90-1.11) and 1.07 (0.70-1.61), respectively]. Among flavonoid subclasses, the intake of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and proanthocyanidins showed a significant inverse association with colorectal cancer risk [OR (95%CI) = 0.71 (0.63-0.81), 0.88 (0.79-0.97), 0.68 (0.56-0.82), and 0.72 (0.61-0.85), respectively]. A significant association was found only between flavonols and stomach cancer risk based on a limited number of selected studies [OR (95%CI) = 0.68 (0.46-0.99)]. In the summary estimates from case-control studies, all flavonoid subclasses except flavones and flavanones were inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, whereas neither total flavonoids nor any subclasses of flavonoids were associated with colorectal cancer risk in the summary estimates based on the cohort studies. The significant association between flavonoid subclasses and cancer risk might be closely related to bias derived from the case-control design. There was no clear evidence that dietary flavonoids are associated with reduced risk of stomach and colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of stomach and colorectal cancer. 2346 43

Recognition of hereditary forms of gastrointestinal cancer is of great importance for patients and their families and pathologists play a crucial role in this. This review recapitulates the clinical, pathological and molecular aspects of Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer and Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Proximal Polyposis of the Stomach, as well as hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes such as Lynch syndrome and gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes (including Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and Juvenile Polyposis syndrome). Histopathological clues to recognize hereditary forms of gastrointestinal cancer and possible ancillary studies that can support an underlying syndrome and guide genetic testing are discussed.
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PMID:Hereditary gastrointestinal carcinomas and their precursors: An algorithm for genetic testing. 2939 39

Globally, fine particulate matter has been associated with several health problems including cancer. However, most studies focused mainly on lung cancer. Stomach and colorectal cancers play significant roles in increasing public health's cancer globally. This study focused on investigating a possible significant association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality due to stomach and colorectal cancer in Xi'an from 2014 to 2016. Using time-series analysis, the study applied both single and multi-pollutant(s) approaches for investigations; PM2.5 was the pollutant of interest. Generalized additive model (GAM) was the core statistical method used with the addition of distributed lag model (DLM) to observe delayed effects. As a single pollutant, PM2.5 was significantly associated with stomach cancer mortality only RR (95%CI): 1.0003 (1.0001, 1.002). For the multi-pollutant analysis, PM2.5 combinations with NO2 were significantly associated with both stomach and colorectal cancer mortality RR (95%CI): 1.0103 (1.009, 1.021) and 1.054 (1.0324, 1.0667), respectively. Also, PM2.5 combination with O3 was significantly associated with colorectal cancer mortality, RR (95%CI): 1.0151 (1.0091, 1.0172), but no association was noted for combination with SO2. Though this study has reported significant associations, it will be beneficial for the public's health if more studies further investigate the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and other cancer mortality.
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PMID:Association between PM2.5 and mortality of stomach and colorectal cancer in Xi'an: a time-series study. 3231 82