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Query: UMLS:C0009402 (colorectal cancer)
 53,228 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mutagenicity testing can be used to assay faeces for genotoxic substances and the results are reported to correlate with population risk for colorectal cancer (Ehrich et al., 1979). It has been suggested that histidine in faeces may cause false positive results (Venitt and Bosworth, 1983). To determine the relationship between histidine and false positive mutagenicity assays aliquots of non-mutagenic faecal extract and saline were supplemented with histidine and subjected to the Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay (Ames et al., 1975). Using high-pressure liquid chromatography the analytical recovery of histidine from water and faecal extract supplemented with histidine was equivalent (r = 0.998, p less than 0.001). Histidine was measured in faecal extracts (1 in 10 dilutions) from 35 volunteers, 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and 4 with rectal cancer. These extracts were also assayed for mutagens using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay. None of the faecal extracts gave mutagenicity ratios above 2. Faecal extracts from volunteers were free of detectable histidine. Although 9 of those from inflammatory bowel disease patients contained histidine (mean +/- SEM 255 +/- 34 mumoles l-1) as did 1 extract from a rectal cancer patient (50 mumoles l-1), none contained sufficient histidine to give a false positive Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay result (800 mumoles l-1 in test solution). Our results do not implicate histidine as a cause of error in faecal mutagenicity testing by the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay.
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PMID:What is the role of histidine in studies of faecal mutagenicity? 351 71

Chronically inflamed tissues and most malignancies have antigenic properties. Patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to development of colorectal cancer, which is known to shed antigens in the bloodstream. In an effort to study immunological aspects of these diseases, sera from patients with IBD and colorectal cancer were evaluated for presence of circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes (CIC), and compared to normal controls. CIC were precipitated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and found to be elevated in all diseased groups. Dissociation of CIC and quantification of their antibody component revealed significant elevation of each immunoglobulin in IBD and in patients with colorectal cancer versus control: IgG = 1.776 +/- 1.573 vs 0.734 +/- 0.618 (P less than 0.001); IgA = 0.368 +/- 0.452 vs 0.090 +/- 0.198 (P less than 0.001); IgM = 0.434 +/- 0.235 vs 0.080 +/- 0.285 (P less than 0.001) serum total Ig levels were consistently much higher than CIC Ig. No correlation was found between the individual serum Ig components and the precipitable complexes-bound Ig, suggesting a selective recognition of antigenic components in the CIC, rather than non-specific association and subsequent precipitation of serum Ig. CIC may represent an easily accessible source of immunological determinants for the study of malignant and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins (Ig) in circulating immune complexes (CIC) in cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 378 Sep 88

Several investigators have reported an association between low serum cholesterol levels and an increased frequency of colorectal cancer. Because low cholesterol levels may be a result of an established cancer, we have investigated the relation between serum cholesterol levels and the frequency of colorectal adenomas, which are thought to be precursors of colon cancer. We prospectively studied 1083 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy (241 of whom were excluded because of malignant disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, familial polyposis, or partial colectomy). In the remaining 842 patients, analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate the contribution of serum cholesterol to the risk of colorectal adenoma. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly and positively associated with the frequency of colorectal adenoma in subjects of both sexes. After adjustment for age and body-mass index, this positive association remained significant between the top quintile and the lowest quintile for serum cholesterol, with regard to the total study group (odds ratio, 2.0; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.1 and 3.6) and men only (odds ratio, 2.2; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.0 and 4.8). We conclude that there is not an inverse correlation between serum cholesterol levels and the risk of colorectal adenomas; on the contrary, there appears to be a small positive association.
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PMID:Relation between the frequency of colorectal adenoma and the serum cholesterol level. 378 34

Urine polyamine content is increased in patients with colorectal malignancy and may be a useful tumor marker in the management of these patients. Urinary excretion of putrescine and spermidine was measured preoperatively and in the first week postoperatively in nine patients with inflammatory bowel disease, eight with other benign colorectal disease, and 13 with colorectal cancer. Preoperative urine putrescine levels were elevated similarly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy. Polyamine levels were increased in all three groups in the early postoperative period. Urinary polyamine excretion did not correlate with serum CEA levels, tumor volume, or stage of disease in patients with cancer. Because elevated levels of urinary polyamines are not specific for malignancy and do not correlate with other prognostic indicators, such measurements are unlikely to be useful in tumor detection and determining prognosis. Polyamine levels, however, may prove useful in monitoring response to therapy and detecting recurrences in individual patients.
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PMID:Urinary polyamines in colorectal cancer. 379 70

Serum retinol levels were determined by a fluorometric method in patients with colorectal cancer or polyps and those with inflammatory bowel disease. Serum retinol levels in patients with benign or malignant colorectal polyps and stage B cancer (modified Dukes' classification) were similar to those found in controls. By contrast, serum retinol levels were significantly lower in patients with Dukes' stage C or D. Among cancer patients that were followed after surgical treatment serum retinol levels did not differ significantly from those found in controls. Patients who died of metastases during follow-up possessed very low serum retinol levels. These findings suggest that a decreased serum retinol level in cancer patients is a consequence rather than a precursor of the neoplastic process. Furthermore, this study suggests that the marked decrease in serum retinol level might be an indicator of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients after surgery.
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PMID:Serum retinol level in patients with colorectal premalignant and malignant lesions. 381 89

Several epidemiologic studies using data from hospital departments and from the pathological department of the Abidjan University show that colorectal cancer is infrequent in Ivory Coast (2% of all cancers). The incidence of the various factors classically incriminated in colic carcinogenesis is analyzed and discussed: precancerous conditions (adenomas, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease), histogenesis (condition of the colic mucosa) and nutritional factors. Constipation, which is very common in spite of a high intake of fibers, cannot be regarded as a predisposing factor.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of colorectal cancer in the Ivory Coast]. 630 Oct 55

With experience, air contrast examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be performed routinely as quickly and easily as the standard UGI. The air contrast examination is superior for detection of small gastric polyps and the Japanese have found it superior for detection of early carcinoma. The postoperative stomach and the fundus and cardia are most easily examined by air contrast. Clear superiority in the diagnosis of peptic ulcers and peptic esophagitis has not been proved. The most accurate routine examination may be a multiphasic or combined approach utilizing air contrast views as well as filled compression views and careful fluoroscopy. With respect to the colon, we do not suggest that air contrast BE must be done exclusively. However, it is superior for the detection of polyps and small carcinomas. The technique should be available in all radiology departments and should be an integral part of the evaluation of patients at increased risk of developing carcinoma. This includes patients over 40 years of age, with chronic ulcerative colitis, familial multiple polyposis or Gardner's syndrome, family history of inherited cancer, and medical history of adenomatous polyps, colorectal cancer, or female genital cancer. In addition, air contrast enema should be utilized for the sensitive and accurate evaluation of early inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, with respect to the colon examination one fact must be stressed. Irregardless of full column or air contrast method, most missed lesions are due to poor bowel preparation, poor technique, or perceptive error by the radiologist. There can be no substitute for a clean colon, meticulous attention to technical details, and careful review of the radiographs.
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PMID:Double versus single contrast gastrointestinal radiology. 634 76

Three patients with Crohn's disease and carcinoma of the anus are reported and compared to a group of patients with anal cancer and no inflammatory bowel disease. The three patients with Crohn's disease were relatively young women with significant perianal disease. There were two squamous cell lesions and one cloacogenic tumor in this group. The relative incidence of anal cancer as a proportion of all colorectal cancer, in patients with Crohn's disease (14%) was found to be significantly higher than the incidence of anal cancer in patients without inflammatory bowel disease (1.4%). Possible reasons for the increased incidence of anal cancer in Crohn's disease mentioned were: an overall increase in malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease, the high incidence of perianal disease, and the chronic long-standing perianal inflammation present. All patients with Crohn's disease, especially if they have active perianal disease, should be observed for the occurrence of anal cancer.
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PMID:Anal carcinoma in patients with Crohn's disease. 670 95

The complications of ulcerative colitis generally develop during the first two years of disease. The mortality is higher than expected and the highest likelihood of colectomy also occurs early in the disease. Mortality in Crohn's disease is greater than expected, especially in males. For both conditions, the overall mortality has decreased steadily, and currently is less than 5%. Ulcerative colitis is curable with proctocolectomy and ileostomy. In Crohn's disease, intestinal resection and reanastomosis is followed by recurrence in the majority of patients. The recurrence rate after proctocolectomy and ileostomy for Crohn's disease of the colon also is considerable, ranging from 20% to 35%. In ulcerative colitis, the more colon involved, the more frequent and more serious are the complications. In Crohn's disease, the anatomic pattern of disease tends to predict the type and extent of complications. Both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease appear to follow a more severe course in children and adolescents with "inflammatory bowel disease." Patients with either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease are at increased risk for the later development of cancer. In ulcerative colitis, the excess risk is limited to colorectal cancer. Patients with Crohn's disease have increased cancer rates for both the small and large bowel. Finally, most patients with these diseases are able to maintain normal occupations and enjoy reasonably stable social and economic situations. The successful adaptation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is influenced by a hopeful, optimistic personality and by an encouraging, supportive physician.
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PMID:The prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease. 682 95

Six hundred fifty-seven patients with colorectal cancer who were operated upon at the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital during the period 1966 to 1975 had a 40.5 per cent crude five-year survival rate and 54.2 per cent relative (corrected) rate. The survival rates of patients with Dukes' A lesions were 80.7 per cent, Dukes' B, 61.6 per cent, Dukes' C, 40.4 per cent, and Dukes' D, 2.7 per cent. One hundred two patients (15.5 per cent) underwent emergency operations; 91 were occlusive cancers, eight were perforations and three were cancer bleedings. The operative mortality for the whole series was 6.5 per cent (4.7 per cent in elective and 16.7 per cent in emergency operations). A definite improvement of the five-year survival rates could be seen in both the colonic and rectal cancer series. This was due to earlier detection of the disease, reflecting a decreasing number of palliative operations. Patients at high risk for colorectal cancer (inflammatory bowel disease, inherited intestinal polyposis, cancer family syndrome, multiple colorectal cancers, and neoplastic polyps) might benefit from more effective cancer surveillance and prophylactic surgery to find and treat cancers in earlier stages, to prevent recurrences, and to facilitate follow-up. The controversial findings on postoperative adjuvant therapy presented in this study indicate the need for further controlled studies to define the patients who really benefit from it.
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PMID:Surgical results in 657 patients with colorectal cancer. 687 92


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