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Query: UMLS:C0009402 (colorectal cancer)
 53,228 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between tumour load and immunity in gastrointestinal cancer has been studied by sequential comparison in patients whose tumour has been removed and those whose tumour was found to be inoperable. Total lymphocyte count, absolute and percentage T- and B-lymphocyte counts, effect of papain on E-rosetting cell levels, and inhibitory effect of cancer sera on E-rosette formation by normal lymphocytes have been studied in 30 patients with stomach or colorectal cancer, and 10 control patients with benign gastrointestinal disease. The examination was done on each patient before and at regular intervals after operation up to 24 weeks. Operable cases, with removal of tumour load, showed a temporary fall in total lymphocyte count and T cell counts, which returned to normal by four weeks postoperatively. Inoperable cases (15 patients) showed a progressive fall in total lymphocyte count and a relatively greater depression of T cell counts, in parallel with increasing tumour mass. E-receptor blocking factor was demonstrated in the sera of cancer patients. This factor was related to tumour mass and presumably was of tumour origin, as it persisted in the inoperable group but disappeared by 12 weeks after tumour removal. The factor explained the excess depresion of T cells over total lymphocytes, but does not explain the continuing depression of total lymphocyte count in the cancer patients.
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PMID:Significance of tumour mass on T-lymphocyte levels in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. 31 23

Evidence is presented of a significant statistical association between beer drinking and colorectal cancer, particularly rectal cancer. This finding is based on correlations between consumption and cancer mortality and between changes in consumption and changes in cancer mortality for 47 states in the United States of America. Also various secular trends, an urban-rural gradient, socioeconomic gradients and sex ratios in the United States are shown to be generally consistent with a relationship between beer consumption and colorectal cancer, particularly rectal cancer. The limitations on drawing sound aetiological inferences from such data are acknowledged. In particular, several other variables are shown to be associated with both beer drinking and colorectal cancer. Also, a discussion of previous epidemiological studies is given, and it appears there is only a limited amount of direct evidence in humans to support the statistical demographic relationships.
Br J Cancer 1977 May
PMID:Colorectal cancer and beer drinking. 32 8

The lack of an improvement in the gross survival statistics for colorectal cancer during the last decade and the negative results of randomized trials, suggests that 5-FU used as an adjuvant treatment has not increased survival. Current chemotherapeutic drug combinations, however, may prove effective in the adjuvant situation. The adjuvant use of preoperative radiation has shown improved survival in one randomized study and no change in the second study. Current preoperative radiotherapy studies using a more effective radiation dose will confirm the effect of preoperative radiation both on the primary tumor control and on metastases. Current postoperative adjuvant trials incorporating radiation, chemotherapy or a combination of the two, when completed, will provide clear indications for the physician as to the optimum treatment of Duke's B and C cancer of the colorectum. Three national randomized studies for inoperable, recurrent or residual carcinoma of the colorectum are testing the effect of radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy.
Cancer 1977 Jul
PMID:Gastrointestinal cancer--colon (surgery-radiotherapy). The role of radiation therapy in the management of rectosigmoid cancer. 32 39

The administration of two chemoimmunotherapy programs to 103 consecutive patients with metastatic colorectal cancer resulted in improved survival for patients who achieved either objective tumor regressions or disease stabilization for more than 8 weeks. Objective tumor regression was observed in 47% of patients treated with the Ftorafur-methyl-CCNU-methotrexate-Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (FTOR-MeM-BCG) program and in 34% of patients treated with the 5-fluorouracil-methotrexate-Baker's antifol (FU-M-BAF) +/- Levamisole program. The combinated median duration of survival for patients who achieved objective tumor regression and disease stabilization with FTOR-MeM-BCG was 13 months compared with 6 months for patients who had progression of disease (p = 0.001). The corresponding values for patients treated with FU-M-BAF +/- levamisole were 11 months and seven months, respectively (p = 0.001). While the role of BCG immunotherapy in these results remains speculative, the administration of levamisole immunotherapy did not appear to have influenced results significantly. Patients who presented at diagnosis with Dukes A, B and C lesions, and therefore had longer disease-free intervals, responded more frequently to chemoimmunotherapy and survived longer than patients who presented at diagnosis with Dukes D lesions. Similarly, greater antitumor effect was observed in patients with lower pretreatment plasma CEA levels evaluation of these pretreatment characteristics may have insignificant implications for the design of future clinical trials.
Cancer 1977 Nov
PMID:Chemoimmunotherapy of metastatic large bowel cancer: nonspecific stimulation with BCG and levamisole. 33 90

There is a need for reeducation of the population, especially in developed countries, as to the value of cereals in the diet. Cereals provide calories and important nutrients to the diet. Refined cereal products and unrefined cereals have certain advantages and disadvantages. With refinement, some nutrients and fiber are removed, but the body is better able to make use of certain nutrients. Essential nutrients are being replaced through fortification to compensate for losses in processing. The high fiber content of unrefined cereal products is believed to aid in the prevention of certain diseases. Special dietary bakery products have been introduced for the treatment of conditions generally exacerbated by standard food items. The increased consumption of cereal products appears warranted as a means of decreasing the saturated fat and cholesterol consumption. Cereals and cereal products have been mentioned in connection with allergies, celiac disease, schizophrenia, obesity, dental caries, cancer, atherosclerosis, goiter, and diverticulosis. This review discusses the possible role of cereals in the prevention or cause of these health problems.
CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1977 Mar
PMID:The nutritional and physiological impact of cereal products in human nutrition. 33 51

Thirty-five patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), adriamycin, and mitomycin C (FAM). Objective regression of tumor was observed in six patients (17%); seven patients (20%) demonstrated stabilization of disease. The FAM regimen was generally well tolerated with toxic effects limited to bone marrow depression and mild-to-moderate nausea and vomiting. FAM combination chemotherapy did not significantly improve survival in responding patients, nor was it more effective than 5-FU alone in achieving objective regression of disease.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Apr
PMID:Phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C in advanced colorectal cancer. 35 Mar 94

Fifty-four patients from the surgical gastroenterology service and 22 healthy controls have been prospectively evaluated in a single-blind protocol by the LAI tube method. The LAI correctly identified 25 of 33 early colorectal patients staged as Dukes' B and C at surgery but none of the Dukes' D patients. An inverse relationship was seen between the results of the non-adherence index (NAI) and CEA levels which was most pronounced in those with advanced colorectal cancer. The majority of Dukes' B and C patients having a "false negative" LAI had a CEA level greater than 2.5 ng/ml, suggesting that more advanced disease than that seen at surgery may be present. Two of 22 normal controls gave a borderline positive NAI. Some technical problems, including the relatively short life of the tumor extracts, are discussed.
Int J Cancer 1978 Aug 15
PMID:A prospective evaluation of the leukocyte adherence inhibition test in colorectal cancer and its correlation with carcinoembryonic antigen levels. 35 86

Forty-six adult patients with colorectal cancer were treated with cyclophosphamide and CCNU administered orally and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administered either orally or by continuous iv infusion (FCC-CIF), depending on the availability of hospital beds. The overall response rate in 37 patients with measurable disease was 25%. The response was greater in patients who had had no prior treatment (seven of 20 versus two of 17) and in patients treated with FCC-CIF (six of 19 versus three of 18). Among patients receiving FCC-CIF, response was also greater in those who had received no prior therapy (five of nine versus one of ten). The overall median survival was 7.5 months, regardless of the route of administration of 5-FU. Further investigations are indicated to study the efficacy of 5-FU administered by continuous iv infusion in combination with other agents in patients who have had no prior treatment.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Oct
PMID:Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and CCNU: comparison of oral and continuous iv administration of 5-fluorouracil. 36 Dec 30

Fifty-two untreated patients with colorectal cancer were randomized to receive 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alternating either with methotrexate (MTX) or Baker's Antifol (BAF) with or without the immunostimulant, levamisole (Program I). Fifty-five patients who had received prior treatment were randomized to receive methyl-CCNU (Me) with MTX or BAF (Program II). Fifteen of these patients had failed to respond to initial therapy with 5-FU plus MTX or BAF and subsequently received Me plus the alternate antifol. Overall response rate for each of programs I and II was 10%. The responses were 1/11 with 5-FU-MTX plus levamisole, 2/12 with 5-FU-MTX, 1/8 with 5-FU-BAF plus levamisole, 0/8 with 5-FU-BAF, 2/20 with Me-MTX and 2/21 with Me-BAF. The median survival times (MST) for patients receiving Programs I and II were 10 and 5 months, respectively. The MST for all patients receiving MTX was significantly longer than that of patients receiving BAF Survival was not influenced by levamisole administration. Both chemotherapy programs were well tolerated. The sequential administration of 4 active agents failed to improve the results of treatment of colorectal cancer.
Cancer 1978 Nov
PMID:Sequential chemoimmunotherapy of colorectal cancer: evaluation of methotrexate, Baker's Antifol and levamisole. 36 54

The treatment of colorectal cancer was chosen as a significant example for the history of the second department of surgery of Vienna University. Not only was a considerable part of relevant surgical techniques developed here, but also the problem of cancer has always been one of the traditional fields of activity of this institution. After the foundation of modern abdominal surgery by Billroth, his pupil Czerny performed the first combined abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum, whilst Gussenbauer, his successor, carried out the first curative resection of a carcinoma of the colon. Hochenegg performed the first sphincter-saving resection of the rectum and devised his pull-through procedure. Moreover, he started to organize the general fight against cancer by a campaign to enlighten the public. Denk continued these activities. He founded the cancer research centre and initiated the present activities in the prevention and therapy of cancer in this country.
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PMID:[The contribution made by the 2nd Department of Surgery, Vienna University, to the treatment of colorectal cancer (author's transl)]. 37 Nov 52


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