Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009324 (ulcerative colitis)
 17,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heterogeneity of colonic mucin glycoprotein was examined in rectal mucosal biopsy specimens from a variety of primate species (Saguinus oedipus, n = 18; Macaca mulatta, n = 2; Macaca fascicularis, n = 2; Aotus trivirgatus, n = 2; Saimiri sciureus, n = 2; and Callithrix jacchus, n = 2). After initial separation of radiolabeled mucin and nonmucin glycoproteins solubilized from mucosal biopsy specimens, at least five labeled mucin components were found in monkey rectal mucosa in contrast to the six mucin fractions observed in the human colon. Although primates consistently lacked the earliest eluting component present in human colonic mucin, other mucin components cochromatographed with comparable fractions previously identified in human colonic biopsy specimens. The relative proportions of each fraction were consistent throughout all species except the cotton-top tamarin (S. oedipus), an animal that develops a chronic colitis. The cotton-top tamarin was found to have a markedly reduced amount of one mucin component (IV) in a manner analogous to the reduction in a human mucin fraction previously noted in patients with ulcerative colitis. Sequential evaluation of mucin profiles in cotton-top tamarins (n = 12) treated with sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg X day) or placebo in a 10-wk double-blind crossover study demonstrated the persistence of the selective reduction in tamarin species IV unrelated to disease activity. In contrast, the relative amount of tamarin mucin III was greater in association with increased disease activity than that observed in association with reduced disease activity (46% +/- 11% total mucin vs. 19% +/- 7% total mucin posttreatment).
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PMID:Colonic mucin composition in primates. Selective alterations associated with spontaneous colitis in the cotton-top tamarin. 391 60

Staining of 326 rectal mucosal biopsies from ulcerative colitis patients with peanut agglutinin (PNA), which binds to the T-blood group antigen and has been claimed to reflect a cancer-associated mucin alteration, showed highly significant direct associations with mucosal dysplasia (P less than 0.001), disease activity (P less than 0.001), and subsequent development of rectal cancer in a smaller series of patients (P = 0.005). Staining for normal colonic mucin by the Dolichos biflorus (DBA) lectin related significantly and inversely to dysplasia. Intense normal colon mucin staining by DBA related significantly (P less than 0.025) to long disease duration and to subsequent development of cancer (P = 0.02). The latter association is based on a small number of patients only and is not considered conclusive evidence, but may provide a link with goblet-cell hyperplasia. The authors conclude that although T-antigen expression relates to dysplasia, the findings of "false" positive and negative rates of 22 and 33 percent respectively, make it unlikely that staining of biopsy sections for the T-antigen by peanut agglutinin will contribute materially to routine assessment for dysplasia and cancer risk prediction in patients with ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:T-antigen expression by peanut agglutinin staining relates to mucosal dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. 397 94

The clinical notes and histology of 374 patients treated by colectomy and ileo-rectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis were reviewed. Only those with definite diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and follow-up rectal biopsies were included (171 cases). Morphology and patterns of mucin secretion were investigated to assess whether abnormal mucin with predominance of sialomucins is a useful indicator of malignancy-risk. Carcinoma has developed in six patients and 'precancer' in seven. The results show coexistence of dysplasia and sialomucin even in the absence of inflammation in all but three biopsies; in contrast the presence of both dysplasia and normal mucin profile was found in less than 1%. A significant correlation was noted between an inflamed mucosa and the development of cancer or precancer, the presence of sialomucins and the appearance of dysplasia. Sialomucins showed a greater sensitivity in detecting cancer than dysplasia (75% versus 30%). However, dysplasia was notably more specific (94% compared with 50%), hence its greater predictive value as indicator of malignancy (50% as against 15% for a positive sialomucin result). Mucin stains on routine fixed paraffin-embedded tissue provide a simple screening method to sharpen the assessment of dysplasia and cancer-risk in patients with ulcerative colitis despite the limitations referred to above. The lack of definite evidence of dysplasia in four patients who developed malignancy without premalignant changes in the rectal biopsies emphasises the need for frequent multiple biopsies in patients with an ileo-rectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Sialomucins in the assessment of dysplasia and cancer-risk patients with ulcerative colitis treated with colectomy and ileo-rectal anastomosis. 398 45

The present study concerns eight patients with ulcerative colitis treated by total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis and subjected to follow-up rectal biopsies who later developed precancer (two cases) or carcinoma in the retained rectum. We report the results of the biopsies and the detailed mapping of lesions in the resected rectal stump to highlight certain features which may lead to increased detection rate of early malignancy. Two groups of patients emerged. Group A: in all four cases the follow-up biopsies showed increasing severity of dysplasia; altered mucin secretion with predominance of sialomucins was seen in the biopsies even in the absence of inflammation or dysplasia; the biopsy findings (morphological and secretory) mirrored those observed in the rectal stump; in three, the lesions were villous polypoid growths, of which two were invasive carcinomas. Group B: in none of the cases was dysplasia seen in the biopsies and mucus secretion was normal; similar features were seen in the rectal stump; all had invasive carcinoma of which three were flat ulcerated lesions. The different behaviour of carcinoma in the two groups almost certainly reflects the different tumour phenotype characteristics and this is a matter for further study. From the practical point of view we emphasize the risk of relying on biopsy evidence of dysplasia alone as an indicator of malignancy and the need for additional immunological or histochemical tests to assess the individual risk of cancer in colitis.
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PMID:A prospective study of dysplasia and carcinoma in the rectal biopsies and rectal stump of eight patients following ileorectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis. 408 81

A MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY WAS MADE OF EPITHELIOID CELL GRANULOMAS: (a) classical sarcoid type, namely, sarcoidosis, Kveim tests, tuberculosis, farmer's lung, and Crohn's syndrome; (b) sarcoid-like granulomas, often distinguishable from (a) by the presence of extracellular mucin or bile, namely, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, carcinoma of the rectum and lymph nodes, draining tumours. All these granulomas showed similar, numerous cytoplasmic granules in epithelioid and giant cells with the properties of residual bodies, i.e., end products of activated lysosomes. The presence of residual bodies demonstrates the following features the morphological similarity of the granulomas studied, and the phagocytic nature of the affected cells. It suggests a common mechanism of granuloma formation but does not identify any particular exogenous cause. The findings suggest that Boeck's sarcoidosis may be caused by unidentified exogenous agents.
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PMID:"Residual bodies" in sarcoid and sarcoid-like granulomas. 560 72

A micromethod has been developed to permit determination of human colonic mucin glycoprotein heterogeneity in biopsy specimens of colonic mucosa. Sialic acid, galactose, and galactosamine residues of oligosaccharide side chains from colonic glycoproteins were radiolabeled by combined metaperiodate and galactose oxidase treatment followed by sodium borotritide reduction. Mucin glycoproteins were separated from nonmucin components by mini-Sepharose 4B column chromatography. Subsequent chromatography of labeled mucin of normal controls (n = 15) on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose demonstrated at least six labeled mucin species. Labeled mucin species I-VI were found to cochromatograph with corresponding unlabeled mucin species prepared from large surgical specimens. An identical mucin profile was observed in normal biopsy specimens from rectum (n = 5), sigmoid (n = 10), transverse (n = 5), and ascending colon (n = 4). However, mucin profiles from sigmoid mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 14) demonstrated a selective decrease in mucin species IV, which was also present in specimens from uninvolved proximal colon (n = 7). This finding persisted in patients who had a subsequent biopsy at times of clinical and histologic remission (n = 8). In addition, colonic mucin from samples of ulcerative colitis patients in remission had a relative decrease in mucin fraction III and an increase in fraction V when compared to patients with active disease. Normal mucin profiles were found in a variety of colonic disease controls including Crohn's (n = 9), ischemic (n = 4), infectious (n = 8), and radiation (n = 3) colitis. These observations indicate the presence of a relatively uniform mucin profile throughout the normal colon and substantiate the association of specific alterations in colonic mucin with ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Glycoprotein composition of colonic mucosa. Specific alterations in ulcerative colitis. 609 Feb 62

From September 1974 through November 1976, 13 adolescent patients with mucin-producing colorectal adenocarcinoma were treated at a Memphis, Tennessee, pediatric oncology center. Ten of these children were from rural areas of the Mississippi Delta, areas of high pesticide use. None of them had a family history of colorectal cancer, familial polyposis, or ulcerative colitis. Levels of pesticide residues, however, were not generally higher in blood samples from patients and their families than from controls.
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PMID:Serum pesticide levels in patients with childhood colorectal carcinoma. 616 64

Human colonic mucin has been isolated from mucosal scrapings of fresh surgical specimens of normal controls as well as patients with Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis. Following sonication and ultracentrifugation, mucin fractions were separated from other soluble colonic glycoproteins by Sepharose 4B chromatography. After nuclease digestion, cesium chloride gradient centrifugation of the excluded material yielded colonic mucin with an average buoyant density of 1.52 g/ml. Subsequent chromatography of the apparently homogeneous colonic mucin on DEAE-cellulose revealed the presence of at least six distinct mucin species (mucin I-VI). Each mucin species was found to have a distinctive hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid, and sulfate content as well as blood group substance activities. Mucin from five patients with Crohn's colitis was found to represent a mixture of at least six discrete species comparable to those isolated from normal colonic specimens. However, in mucin from eight patients with ulcerative colitis there was a marked and selective reduction of one component mucin subclass, designated species IV. Normal mucin and mucin from patients with Crohn's disease contained 48 +/- 17 and 42 +/- 12 mg of species IV/g, while mucin from patients with ulcerative colitis had 5 +/- 3 mg/g solubilized glycoprotein. The selective absence of species IV was found in preparations from both sigmoid (n = 7) and ascending (n = 4) colon and could not be accounted for by an overall decrease in total mucin content. The selective reduction of species IV was also found in mucin isolated from relatively noninflamed colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. The carbohydrate composition and blood group activities of the remaining five mucin species were similar to their normal counterparts. Based on the results to date, there appears to be an underlying selective decrease of one colonic mucin subclass in ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Composition of human colonic mucin. Selective alteration in inflammatory bowel disease. 619 43

Changes in mucin secretion and increase in height of the colonic mucosa adjacent to colorectal carcinoma (transitional mucosa) have been considered pre-malignant. In this study similar changes (both morphological and histochemical) have been found in some cases of ulcerative colitis and ischaemic colitis, as well as in juvenile, inflammatory and hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps. 'Transitional' patterns of mucin secretion also occur in some other cases of ulcerative colitis, colostomies and Crohn's disease of the colon in which the mucosa has a normal height, suggesting the changes in mucin secretion are independent of mucosal morphology. In all these pathological conditions, hyperplastic (metaplastic) mucosa also coexisted. These findings seem to suggest that: (1) 'transitional' changes more likely represent a secondary regenerative phenomenon rather than a premalignant one; (2) the pattern of mucin secretion is not selective enough to serve as a premalignant marker; therefore is not a valid prognostic indicator in colonic biopsies; (3) hyperplastic (metaplastic) changes might derive from 'transitional' mucosa as a result of a more mature phase of this exaggerated regenerative phenomenon. However, in some patients longstanding 'transitional' mucosa may lead to dysplasia under the influence of environmental and genetic factors.
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PMID:Mucin secretion and morphological changes of the mucosa in non-neoplastic diseases of the colon. 619 72

A group of 18 patients with stable ulcerative colitis involving the entire colon for at least eight years was subjected to a biopsy of normal appearing rectal mucosa and followed prospectively over four years for the development of either dysplasia or cancer. Goblet cell glycoconjugate structure was examined in the rectal biopsies using fluorescein conjugated lectins. At the beginning of the study, 13 of the 18 patients had abnormalities of goblet cell mucin or cytoplasmic glycoconjugates in the rectal biopsies. Dysplasia subsequently developed in six and carcinoma in one of these patients. Among the five patients with normal lectin binding studies in the initial rectal biopsies, colonic dysplasia has subsequently developed in one. The abnormalities seen in the rectal goblet cells resembled in part those previously seen in immature and neoplastic colonic cells. The dysplastic tissues all contained the form of mucin which has been found in other neoplastic colonic tissues. This preliminary report after four years of prospective study suggests that abnormalities of glycoconjugate structure may be associated with, and may precede, neoplastic events in the setting of chronic ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Abnormal goblet cell glycoconjugates in rectal biopsies associated with an increased risk of neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis: early results of a prospective study. 651 Jul 69


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