Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009324 (ulcerative colitis)
 17,300 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Approximately 60% of sera from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients contains Igs reactive with neutrophil components, raising the question of the origin of these anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCA). Our assertion that ANCA is a marker for a mucosal disease-related immune response predicts the existence of ANCA producing B cell clones in the lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) fraction of UC patients. This hypothesis was tested by examining 12-day culture supernatants of LPL ANCA expression. LPL were isolated from surgically removed mucosa from patients with UC, Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis. Normal mucosa was obtained from accident victims or normal margins of colon cancer resections. Supernatants were assayed by a fixed neutrophil ELISA. The ANCA staining pattern of supernatants expressing ANCA, as determined by ELISA, was assessed by indirect immunofluorescent staining of alcohol-fixed neutrophils. ANCA was found in 70% of culture supernatants from UC LPL fractions. In contrast, only approximately 11% of supernatants from CD and diverticulitis/normal (noninflammatory bowel disease (IBD)) LPL displayed ANCA binding. A perinuclear (pANCA) staining pattern was obtained with 70% of ANCA-expressing UC LPL supernatants, whereas ANCA-expressing CD and non-IBD LPL supernatants displayed a cytoplasmic reaction. PBL and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes lacked spontaneous pANCA production, and pANCA production from PBL was not inducible. These findings indicate the existence of pANCA-producing B cell clones in mucosal lesions of UC patients and support our hypothesis that pANCA production is a consequence of a mucosal immune response specific to UC.
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PMID:Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are spontaneously produced by mucosal B cells of ulcerative colitis patients. 767 39

Although corticosteroid therapy is associated with the development of osteopenia, it is unclear whether the cause of osteopenia in inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) is related to corticosteroid therapy or other disease-related variables. Patients with Crohn's disease (a diffuse gastrointestinal disease) could have greater osteopenia than patients with ulcerative colitis because of small bowel disease and secondary malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D. A cross-sectional analysis of consecutive patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was undertaken. Bone density was determined by measurements of the L2-L4 spine, the total hip, and Ward's triangle using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A number of clinical parameters were recorded prior to bone density evaluation and analyzed by univariate and subsequently multivariate analysis to determine possible predictors of osteopenia. Of the 26 patients with Crohn's disease, diminished bone density (a Z score of at least -1) was found at the hip in 64% and at the spine in 44%; and of the 23 patients with ulcerative colitis diminished bone density was found at the hip in 43% and at the spine in 48%. Among all the variables tested, only corticosteroid use was a statistically significant predictor of diminished bone density (p = 0.025 for the spine and hip and p = 0.005 for Ward's triangle). Disease diagnosis (Crohn's disease compared with ulcerative colitis) did not predict or correlate with diminished bone density. No obvious associations were seen between the measurements of any serum hormones or biochemistries and bone density, although the patients using corticosteroids had lower serum calcium levels than the nonusers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Decreased bone density in inflammatory bowel disease is related to corticosteroid use and not disease diagnosis. 775 4

Treatment with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) seems promising in ulcerative colitis and changes in colonocyte oxidation of butyrate have been suggested to be of importance for the development of this disease. The influence of small and large bowel length after surgery on SCFAs is only partly known. SCFAs and lactate were measured in consecutive fecal samples from 300 patients with ulcerative colitis (103), Crohn's disease (127), and noninflammatory bowel disease (70); 205 had had surgery, 52 had short bowels (< 200 cm). Lactate (mainly the L-isomer) was elevated in ulcerative colitis patients with pancolitis (mean +/- SEM, 17 +/- 5 mmol/liter) and proctitis (12 +/- 3 mmol/liter) compared with quiescent ulcerative colitis (3 +/- 1 mmol/liter, P < 0.01), and correlated with the index of Truelove (R = 0.52, P < 0.0005). Lactate was also increased in Crohn's colitis (21 +/- 8 mmol/liter), but not in isolated ileitis (4 +/- 2 mmol/liter), compared with quiescent Crohn's disease (7 +/- 2 mmol/liter, P < 0.02), but did not correlate with the activity index (CDAI; R = 0.18, P = 0.12). In contrast to earlier reports, SCFAs (including butyrate) did not correlate with inflammatory activity or localization in either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The length of the small bowel had no influence on SCFAs and lactate in patients with either no colonic function (ileostomies), or with > 50% and < 50% preserved colorectal length, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of intestinal inflammation (IBD) and small and large bowel length on fecal short-chain fatty acids and lactate. 778 63

To evaluate the importance of fecal leukocytes, 42 patients who showed signs of fecal leukocytes (++ or +++) were studied. Their endoscopic examinations with biopsy and/or radiology of the colon showed the following diagnoses: 33 had ulcerative colitis, four had colonic adenocarcinoma, two had Crohn's disease, two had amebic colitis and one had eosinophilic colitis. The presence of fecal leukocytes allowed for the diagnosis of colon disease in all the patients, and it might indicate exudative bowel disease. These results suggest that whenever fecal leukocytes are found in the feces, an examination for colon disease should be made.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of fecal leukocytes in chronic bowel diseases. 787 15

This study newly introduces anti-VH mAbs to assess the role of clonal B cell activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Immunohistochemistry of colonic biopsies in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), but not unaffected individuals, demonstrated uniform staining of intravascular erythrocytes with BK2, a monoclonal specific for the VH3-15 Ig heavy chain gene product. Staining was caused by erythrocytes opsinized in vivo by anti-erythrocyte Abs present in patient sera and by using the VH3-15 gene product. The erythrocyte Ag was identified by immunoprecipitation as 22- and 28-kDa membrane proteins. A direct flow cytometric assay was developed to measure this serum autoantibody and was tested in 101 individuals with UC, CD, other acute or chronic colitis, and healthy controls. Compared with normal subjects, BK2+ anti-erythrocyte Abs were elevated in most sera from patients with CD and UC (including postcolectomy). BK2+ anti-erythrocyte Abs also were elevated in 10 of 38 noninflammatory bowel disease patients, all of whom had Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis. These findings suggest that a common immunopathogenetic factor, manifested by VH3-15 B cell activation may be shared in UC, CD, and Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis.
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PMID:Expression of a novel autoantibody defined by the VH3-15 gene in inflammatory bowel disease and Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis. 793 May 92

The recent recovery of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from tissues of patients with Crohn's disease has highlighted the possible etiologic role of this microorganism in the disease. However, the immunological evidence generated by various groups supporting this hypothesis is as yet inconclusive. A specific antibody response might be masked in these patients by the wide antigenic homologies prevailing within the genus Mycobacterium. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of exploring the humoral response to M. paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease, by means of a cross-absorption procedure recently proposed for unveiling the presence of specific antibodies in bovine paratuberculosis. Antibodies IgG to M. paratuberculosis were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 90 serum samples from 17 patients with Crohn's disease, 23 patients with ulcerative colitis an 14 with other bowel diseases. Samples from 86 subjects without bowel disease (healthy individuals and patients with tuberculosis, mycobacterioses and fungal diseases) were also included as controls. The specificity of these antibodies was explored by the absorption of sera with an ubiquitous Mycobacterium (M. phlei). The results were compared to those obtained by similar ELISA tests employing M. avium or M. tuberculosis as antigens. A faint humoral response to M. paratuberculosis and M. tuberculosis was detected in patients with Crohn's disease. Cross-absorption with M. phlei did not disclose a specific response nor was an increase in antibody levels detected in patients studied periodically. Sera from patients with ulcerative colitis and other bowel diseases also showed a slight reaction to mycobacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Humoral response to mycobacteria in patients with Crohn disease]. 799 45

Colitis is an important cause of abdominal pain and diarrhoea and is the main cause of blood and mucus in the stool. The inflammation can be due to infectious or to non-infectious causes, most commonly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. However, a wide variety of rarer causes of colitis also present in childhood. These include colitis or enterocolitis secondary to Hirschsprung's disease and metabolic disorders (which include Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, glycogen storage disease type 1b and pellagra). Primary inflammation of the colon is seen in microscopic and collagenous colitis, ulcerating enterocolitis of infancy, allergic colitis and autoimmune enteropathy. The histological pattern of each of these diseases has a characteristic picture and separates them from each other from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The pathophysiology of these rare forms of colitis in childhood is not clear; but in the future they may give us an insight into the pathogenesis of large bowel inflammation, particularly when the colitis occurs secondary to an established disease.
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PMID:Unusual colitides. 800 42

In order to examine the presentation and course of Crohn's disease (CD) versus those of ulcerative colitis (UC) in children < or = 10 years of age, a retrospective review of children < or = 10 years old with inflammatory bowel disease singled out 40 patients and compared their findings with those of 38 children with UC. The mean age at onset was 7.5 years for CD, as compared with 5.9 years for UC. A family history of inflammatory bowel disease was present in 13 patients (32%). Abdominal pain (97%), diarrhea (78%), and weight loss (88%) were the major initial complaints, with growth retardation present in 12 (30%) children. At onset, four children had diffuse small-bowel disease, nine had terminal ileal disease, 15 had ileocolitis, and 12 had colitis; at the end of the study two had diffuse small-bowel disease, four had terminal ileal disease, 25 had ileocolitis, and seven had colitis. Extra-intestinal manifestations increased with duration of disease. Although the number of recurrences did not differ greatly between groups, those with ileocolitis and colitis needed longer steroid therapy and more days in hospital than did those with only small-bowel disease. Operation was required in 42.5% of children with CD, as compared with 5% of those with UC, with six CD children (35%) requiring later reoperation for recurrent disease or fistula and abscess. Two children died from causes unrelated to their disease (gastric volvulus, carcinoma of the breast).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Crohn's disease in children 10 years old and younger: comparison with ulcerative colitis. 857 7

We studied the prevalence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA), as detected by immunofluorescence, in 290 Italian subjects. One hundred and two were affected by ulcerative colitis, 48 by Crohn's disease, 40 by gluten-sensitive enteropathy and 100 were normal subjects. The prevalence of p-ANCA was significantly higher in ulcerative colitis patients (45.1%) as compared to Crohn's disease patients (4.8%), gluten-sensitive enteropathy (0%) and normal subjects (1%; p < 0.0001 ulcerative colitis vs. all other groups). In this setting, the overall specificity of the test was 98.1% with a sensitivity of 45.1%. The specificity slightly decreased to 95.1% when ulcerative colitis patients were compared to patients with Crohn's colitis. In our series, p-ANCA appeared to be more prevalent in ulcerative colitis patients with more aggressive disease. ELISA experiments performed in order to identify the putative antigen(s) recognized by p-ANCA-positive sera showed that 8 of 12 sera positive at immunofluorescence reacted with at least one of the neutrophil preparations tested. The reactivities were directed towards various neutrophil preparations. Preabsorption with the specific antigen recognized by ELISA significantly inhibited the p-ANCA immunofluorescence reactivity indicating that p-ANCA reactivity might derive from the recognition of heterogeneous neutrophil-associated antigens.
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PMID:Antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm in Italian patients with ulcerative colitis: sensitivity, specificity and recognition of putative antigens. 811 95

Of 10 patients with ulcerative colitis 2 had primary sclerosing cholangitis and 1 had cirrhosis due to chronic active hepatitis. All 3 underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation due to severe portal hypertension and deteriorating liver function. The interrelations between liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy and bowel disease are described.
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PMID:[Interrelation between liver and bowel involvement in ulcerative colitis patients undergoing liver transplantation]. 811 62


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