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Query: UMLS:C0009319 (colitis)
 19,384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-four patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, 23 with ulcerative colitis, and 11 with crohn's disease, weretreated with elemental diet. thirty-one patients had been on high dose prednisonetherapy one to four weeks prior to the diet with no or insufficient response. Fifteen patients (44%) went into remission when elemental diet was introduced as the only change of treatment. Furthermore six patients (18%) went into remission when the dietary treatment was supplemented with high dose prednisone treatment (2 cases) or an increase of prednisone dose (4 cases). Remission occurred in 16 of 21 patients with disease of moderate activity, but in only 5 of 13 cases with severe disease. Remission rate was higher in patients with a limited extent of the lesion, but 8 patients with extensive colitis responded to treatment. There was no significant change of haemoglobin serum iron, transferrin, albumin, orosomucoid, or renal excretion of creatinine. However, significant decreases were observed of sedimentation rate, renal urea excretion, faecal volume and daily number of bowel movements. Colectomy was performed in 8 patients whose condition remained unchanged or aggravated during treatment. Follow-up studies of non-operated patients who went into remission showed that 6 of 13 patients with ulcerative colitis were perfectly well 7-28 months after the study, 3 patients suffered a mild recurrence after 4-24 months, and 4 patients were colectomized 5-10 months later due to severe attack. Of 8 patients with Crohn's disease 4 remained unoperated and free of symptoms 22-35 months after the study.
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PMID:Assessment of the therapeutic value of an elemental diet in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. 83 75

This article reviews the pathophysiologic concept that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, generated by activated leukocytes, together with low-molecular-weight chelate iron derived from fecal sources and from denatured hemoglobin, amplify the inflammatory response and subsequent mucosal damage in patients with active episodes of ulcerative colitis. The putative pathogenic mechanisms reviewed are as follows: (1) Dietary iron is concentrated in fecal material owing to normally limited iron absorption. (2) Mucosal bleeding, characteristic of ulcerative colitis, as well as supplemental oral iron therapy for chronic anemia, further conspire to maintain or elevate mucosal iron concentration in colitis. (3) Fenton chemistry, driven especially by leukocyte-generated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, leads to formation of hydroxyl radicals. (4) The resultant oxidative stress leads to the extension and propagation of crypt abscesses, either through direct membrane disruption by lipid peroxidation or through generation of secondary toxic oxidants such as chloramines. (5) Chemotactic products of lipid peroxidation, including 4-hydroxynonenal, provide positive feedback to accelerate this inflammatory/oxidative process, leading to acute exacerbations of the disease. (6) Other oxidized products, such as oxidized tryptophan metabolites, created by free radical mechanisms in or near the mucosa, may act as carcinogens or tumor promotors that contribute to the exceedingly high incidence of colon carcinoma in patients suffering from chronic ulcerative colitis. In this way, self-sustaining cycles of oxidant formation may amplify flare-ups of inflammation and mucosal injury in ulcerative colitis. This concept, if proved correct by subsequent research, would provide a rationale for several novel clinical approaches to the management of ulcerative colitis, including use of SOD mimetics, iron chelators, and chain-breaking antioxidants.
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PMID:Oxygen radicals in ulcerative colitis. 135 59

The results of the study have shown that the nutrition of rural population is characterized by excessive consumption of bread and baked products, by high content of phosphorus, magnesium and iron, low content of animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, vitamins A, ascorbic acid and riboflavin. The incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and alimentary diseases in this group of population was rather high. The nutrition of students is characterized by excessive consumption of polysaccharides, vegetable oils, thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid (in winter-spring period), and calcium. Diseases associated with nutrition disorders (obesity, hepatitis, cholecystitis, colitis) are most often recorded in this group of population.
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PMID:[Actual nutrition and health of several groups of rural and urban population of the Republic of Georgia]. 138 91

Twenty cases of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) and three cases of colitis cystica profunda (CCP) diagnosed between 1985 to 1990 were studied retrospectively. Clinical features, sigmoidoscopic findings and histopathology of the above lesions were reviewed. Haematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichome, and high iron diamine Alcian blue staining was done in all the cases. Histopathologic examination helps in diagnosing the benign condition of the rectum viz. SRUS and CCP which are considered malignant clinically. Since an overlap of histopathological features were seen in SRUS and CCP, both can be considered as one entity, which has been highlighted in our study. Fibromuscular obliteration of lamina propria is the hallmark of the lesion.
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PMID:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and colitis cystica profunda--a clinico-pathological review. 148 23

As a result of evaluating immune homeostasis in patients suffering from nonspecific ulcerous colitis, the predictors of the patient's gravity have been established. They include: 1) phagocytic activity; 2) changes in bioenergetic processes of the cells; 3) redistribution of functional activity and its phenotypic expression among lymphocytes; 4) imbalance of humoral factors of immunity; 5) augmentation of anemia with decreased or increased iron content.
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PMID:[Destabilization of the immune homeostasis in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis of varying degrees of severity]. 150 93

Escherichia coli of serotype O157:H7 are Vero cytotoxin-producing enteric pathogens that have been associated recently with sporadic cases and outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Adherence of many enteropathogenic bacteria to mucosal surfaces is a critical step in the pathogenesis of diarrheal disease. We showed previously that adherence of E. coli O157:H7 strain CL-56 to epithelial cells in vitro is inhibited by outer membranes. In this study we examined whether outer membranes from a series of E. coli O157:H7 strains mediated competitive inhibition of bacterial binding to epithelial cells grown in tissue culture. We also determined which constituents of the outer membrane mediated inhibition of CL-56 adherence. Binding of six O157:H7 strains to HEp-2 cells was determined by quantitating the number of adherent bacteria in the presence and absence of outer membranes which were extracted from each strain with N-lauroyl sarcosinate (1.7%, wt/vol). After separation of outer membranes by gel electrophoresis, four bands (94, 40, 36, and 30 kDa) were collected by electroelution. Immune sera were raised in rabbits to each of the four eluted bands. Outer membrane extracts from each of the six O157:H7 strains inhibited binding of homologous organisms to the HEp-2 cells. At dilutions which did not cause bacterial agglutination, antiserum raised against the 94-kDa outer membrane protein showed maximal inhibition of bacterial adherence (17.0 +/- 7.3% adherence of control levels). Growth of bacteria in iron-depleted broth did not affect their binding to HEp-2 cells, suggesting that iron-regulated outer membranes were not involved. Fluid accumulation in ileal ligated loops of rabbits in response to E. coli O157:H7 challenge was diminished following both parenteral immunization with outer membranes extracted from the homologous strain and coincubation of organisms with immune serum which contained antibodies to outer membrane extracts. These data indicate that outer membranes are competitive inhibitors of E. coli O157:H7 adherence. Specific constituents of the outer membrane may function as bacterial attachment factors (i.e., adhesins) for E. coli O157:H7 adherence to epithelial cell surfaces.
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PMID:Outer membranes are competitive inhibitors of Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence to epithelial cells. 167 78

The anti-inflammatory activity of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1ra, was evaluated in the acetic acid (HOAc)-induced model of colitis in rats. Animals treated with 10 mg/kg IL-1ra or vehicle were evaluated for general health, acute phase response, and colonic in flammation 24 hours after the initiation of inflammation. A significant decrease in the accumulation of neutrophils in the colonic mucosa as measured by myeloperoxidase activity was seen in animals with HOAc induced colitis that were treated intraperitoneally with IL-1ra when compared to animals with colitis that had been treated with vehicle. IL-1ra also reduced colonic necrosis measured grossly, although there was no effect on the histology IL-1ra had a modest effect on the HOAc-induced acute phase response, as indicated by changes in the serum iron, albumin and transferrin, but the results were not statistically significant. The number of circulating erythrocytes and neutrophils was significantly increased in animals with HOAc-induced colitis and treated with IL-1ra, suggesting that IL-1ra under these experimental conditions inhibited the migration of neutrophils to the injured colon and also the overall intestinal necrosis in the colon as assessed by gross pathology. IL-1ra may be useful as an intestinal anti-inflammatory agent.
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PMID:Evaluation of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the rat acetic acid-induced colitis model. 183 96

Radiologic investigation of concealed gastro-intestinal hemorrhage with 51Cr was conducted for its detection and quantitative estimation in 102 patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), loss of blood from the digestive tract was detected in 52 of them. A definite relationship was noted between the volume of hemorrhage and the disease responsible for the development of IDA. Moderate hemorrhage from 2.5 to 15.0 ml/day was detected in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT): chronic gastritis, colitis. High volumes of hemorrhage are characteristic of diseases attended by gross changes in the digestive tract: polyps, tumors, diverticula, varicosis in GIT. It has been shown that the radiologic method of quantitative estimation of concealed gastro-intestinal hemorrhage with the use of 51Cr is highly sensitive and accurate, that permitted the authors to recommend this method for both practical and scientific investigations.
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PMID:[Quantitative evaluation of latent gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with iron deficiency anemia (preliminary report)]. 221 Mar 17

Eight patients with ulcerative colitis complicated by carcinoma were investigated histopathologically on their resected colorectal specimens. Four patients carried multiple tumors, another four patients a solitary tumor. The age at the onset of the colitis in patients with multiple carcinoma was younger in average (27 years old) than that in the patients with a solitary carcinoma (45 years old). Duration of the disease before surgery exceeded 10 years in six of the eight patients. A total of eight tumors of 10 mm or more in dimension were found in four multiple cases, six of them being located in the rectum. These tumors presented peculiar macroscopic features, such as villous, putty-like, nodular, or flat, and were advanced histopathologically, well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas in most cases. Six of the eight accompanied areas of epithelial dysplasia adjacent to the carcinoma, the border between carcinoma and dysplasia being vague in three of the six. All multiple cases showed active changes of ulcerative colitis or chronic inflammatory processes such as thickening of the muscularis mucosa, submucosal fibrosis and Paneth cell metaplasia in the crypts. Furthermore, all multiple cases had minute adenocarcinomas, less than 10 mm in diameter, the tumor being restricted to the mucosa or to the mucosa and submucosa. Four of the nine minute carcinomas coexisted with epithelial dysplasia, suggesting that carcinoma developed from dysplasia. On the contrary, the remaining carcinomas carried no dysplasic area with a possibility that carcinoma developed also from nondysplastic atrophic mucosa. Three of the four solitary tumors were conventional adenocarcinomas associated with chronic inflammatory or dysplastic change in the bowel. The specific stainings by lectins and high-iron-diamine (HID) gave no appreciable help in diagnosing the epithelial dysplasia because of unsettled staining results. A large number of argyrophil cells were present in dysplastic epithelia, although the number of such cells was small in carcinomas.
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PMID:[Carcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis. Analysis of 8 Japanese cases]. 232 16

We have tried to identify a histochemical or immunohistochemical marker that would reliably detect mucosal dysplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis. Colonic biopsy specimens were taken from patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. Control tissue was obtained from the margins of colonic resections performed for neoplastic or nonneoplastic diseases. Sections of the specimens were examined by periodic acid-Schiff staining, high iron diamine Alcian blue staining for sialomucins and sulfomucins, and binding of the lectins peanut agglutinin, Ulex europeus agglutinin I, and Ricinis communis I agglutinin. Sections were reacted also with anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibodies to determine whether a nonpolar surface distribution of the antigen was a feature of dysplasia. We found that changes in colonic mucin, characterized by periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucin outside of goblet cells, an increase in binding of peanut agglutinin, and an increase in the relative amount of sialylated mucin, were associated with morphologic dysplasia. However, identical alterations were observed, albeit less commonly, in colitis without dysplasia, particularly in the presence of active inflammation. No abnormality in the surface distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen or Ricinis communis I agglutinin was observed. Thus, we did not identify a reliable corollary test to the histologic diagnosis of mucosal dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. With regard to these histochemical markers, the colonic mucosa appears to respond similarly to inflammation and neoplasia.
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PMID:Search for a specific marker of mucosal dysplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis. 244 17


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