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Query: UMLS:C0009319 (colitis)
 19,384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data are given on the study of changes in microflora of the intestinal contents in patients with functional diseases: irritable colon syndrome (ICS), chronic catarrhal colitis (CCC) and non-specific ulcerous colitis (NUC). In ICS dysbacteriosis was absent in 40 per cent of the patients, 1st group dysbacteriosis was found in 44.3 per cent of cases; more serious dysbacteriosis (of the 2nd and 3rd groups) was found in CCC and NUC (34.3 and 52.3 per cent of cases, respectively). ICS, CCC and NUC patients had almost the same incidence of decreased Bifidobacterium level.
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PMID:[Intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with functional and inflammatory diseases of the large intestine]. 272 74

A total of 541 open access referrals for fibresigmoidoscopy over five years were compared with 495 hospital initiated procedures during the same period. The number of open access fibresigmoidoscopies doubled during the five years but diagnostic yield remained unchanged at about 40% and was similar to that of the hospital initiated procedures. Colorectal carcinoma was seen in 64 open access patients compared with 47 hospital referred patients, the proportion of Dukes's type A lesions being similar (34%) in both groups. Polyps, colitis, and diverticular disease were equally common in open access and hospital referred patients. Fibresigmoidoscopy failed to detect disease in only 12 patients (1.2%) and the procedure was unsatisfactory in only 54. Referral was considered justified in 475 (88%) open access patients, and only 54 (17%) patients with normal appearances at endoscopy required further investigations. Diagnostic yields were low (19%; 30/156 cases) in open access patients under 40 and in patients with abdominal pain, constipation, or abdominal pain with constipation (0-17%). Most of these young patients presumably suffer from the irritable bowel syndrome and do not justify fibresigmoidoscopy. In contrast, there was a high diagnostic yield (90-100%) in patients of all ages referred for diarrhoea and rectal bleeding, altered blood from the rectum, and rectal bleeding associated with abdominal pain. Open access fibresigmoidoscopy is an effective service that should be freely available to general practitioners.
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PMID:Open access fibresigmoidoscopy: a comparative audit of efficacy. 313 21

The colonic epithelial expression of HLA-DR molecules and of other markers of cell membrane perturbation was investigated by immunofluorescence in biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It was found that in virtually all specimens from either groups showing active inflammation there was a diffuse epithelial expression of HLA-DR molecules. There was no relation between the grading of active inflammation and the epithelial expression of HLA-DR antigens. The epithelium of virtually all specimens from the macro and microscopically uninvolved areas of patients with active colitis and from patients with histologically quiescent colitis showed no detectable expression of HLA-DR molecules. The counts of isolated lamina propria lymphocytes expressing the transferrin receptor and the interleukin 2 receptor were higher in specimens with HLA-DR+ epithelium than in those with a HLA-DR- epithelium. Twenty-nine of the 35 (83%) HLA-DR positive specimens proved to express the 4F2 antigen on their epithelium and 19 (54%) were positive for the transferrin receptor. All sections positive for either the 4F2 antigen or the transferrin receptor were also HLA-DR positive while all HLA-DR negative sections were also negative for either of the two other markers. Data in this study suggest that in active IBD the epithelial participation in active inflammation is associated with a sequence of cell membrane rearrangements, and that the expression of HLA-DR molecules is a part of this sequence.
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PMID:HLA-DR antigens on colonic epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease: I. Relation to the state of activation of lamina propria lymphocytes and to the epithelial expression of other surface markers. 330 19

Measurements of mucosal dimension, architecture, and cell counts in both lamina propria and epithelium were made on rectal biopsy specimens from 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome ("normal" controls); 54 patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and non-specific proctitis; eight patients with small bowel Crohn's disease; and 34 in whom the rectal biopsy specimen was not diagnostic. Discriminant analysis was applied to multiple variables based on the measurements, and three variables were identified as of high predictive value. The most powerful discriminant was increased lamina propria cellularity in all forms of chronic colitis. The ratios of surface length to mucosal length and of surface epithelial height to crypt epithelial height also emerged as discriminants. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease was distinguished from normal in 95% of cases with a definite pathological diagnosis, and 85% of borderline cases were correctly classified as either normal or inflammatory when judged by the final diagnosis after follow up. This study provides a basis for automated diagnosis of rectal biopsy specimens and provides objectively validated criteria which can also be applied in routine histological diagnosis.
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PMID:What is colitis? Statistical approach to distinguishing clinically important inflammatory change in rectal biopsy specimens. 334 81

The clinicofunctional and morphological status of the stomach, biliferous system, pancreas, large and small intestine was studied in 83 patients with Sjogren's syndrome and disease (SS and SD). Chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency was shown to develop in SD. Morphological changes of the gastric mucosa were represented by chronic gastritis with glandular involvement and chronic atrophic gastritis of immune genesis. Pathology of the extrahepatic system of bilification was detected in 87% of patients. The most common pathologies diagnosed in these patients were chronic cholecystitis (51%) and biliary dyskinesia (25%). Changes of the chemical composition of the bile (arise of its lythogenic properties) were observed. Various disorders of pancreatic function were detected in 85% of SS and SD patients. X-ray and endoscopic investigations revealed duodenal, intestinal and colon hypokinesia, less frequently signs of enteritis and colitis in one-third of the patients. The irritable colon syndrome was found in 40%. On the whole, involvement of different parts of the intestine was observed in 92%. Morphological changes in the duodenal and sigmoid colon mucosa were typical of chronic diffuse duodenitis and sigmoiditis in a subacute SD course, and chronic atrophic duodenitis and sigmoiditis in a chronic SD and SS course.
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PMID:[Lesions of the digestive organs in Sjogren's disease]. 339 95

An epidemiologic study of inflammatory bowel disease was conducted in Regio Leiden, the Netherlands, between 1979 and 1983. Archives of endoscopy, radiology, pathology, and specialist letters were reviewed for suspected patients with inflammatory bowel disease, together with a survey of all general practitioners to verify completeness of data. One thousand forty patients were identified and each diagnosis was reviewed. Two hundred ten patients had Crohn's disease and 257 had ulcerative colitis. Of the other 573 patients, the largest proportion (21%) had incomplete data for disease classification. Others had irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, or ischemic or irradiation colitis; some were nonresident patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated within the region and others were out of the period for inclusion in this investigation. The incidence of Crohn's disease was 3.9 per 10(5) per year and the period prevalence was 48 per 10(5). The sex-specific incidence was similar, although the disease was significantly more common in women aged 20-29 yr. The prevalence in the city municipalities of Leiden and Alphen on the Rijn (63 per 10(5)) was similar but significantly greater than in suburban (39 per 10(5)) or agarian areas (40 per 10(5)). This may be partially due to urban density but not to differences in water supply. The lack of cases in the migrant population almost reaches significant levels, but studies in locations with a higher migrant population may clarify the issue.
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PMID:Epidemiology of Crohn's disease in Regio Leiden, The Netherlands. A population study from 1979 to 1983. 349 61

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the incidence and scope of lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Between August 1981 and April 1984, 288 patients with significant complaints and physical signs attributable to the lower GIT were prospectively evaluated. A complete patient history was taken in each case followed by physical examination, routine laboratory studies and a sigmoidoscopic examination. In 128 patients (44.5%), sigmoidoscopy and rectal and/or colonic biopsies did not reveal any pathological abnormalities. These patients were considered to have various disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or parasitic infestation. Eighty-one patients (28%) were found to have mild to moderate non-specific colitis or proctitis. In another 49 patients (17%) the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni was made. Ulcerative colitis and colorectal carcinoma were detected in only 11 (4%) and 4 (1.5%) patients respectively. In the remaining 15 patients (5%), other lower GIT diseases were found. Comparative analysis of the disease pattern in our series has demonstrated some differences from other series from within the Kingdom and also from other countries.
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PMID:The pattern of colonic diseases in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. 374 90

Eleven patients with so-called collagenous colitis are described and the literature reviewed. The disease presents with persisting watery diarrhoea in middle-aged subjects, predominantly women. The fairly uniform clinical features of abdominal discomfort are suggestive of the irritable bowel syndrome. The morphological changes in colorectal biopsy specimens are diagnostic, showing an excessive intercryptal subepithelial collagen deposition throughout the large bowel. Associated hyperplasia, degeneration, and desquamation are seen in the intercryptal epithelial cells and a mild inflammatory response in the lamina propria. A comparable collagenization has not been demonstrated in other disorders, but otherwise the changes demonstrated histologically and ultrastructurally are of a quantitative nature. Collagenous colitis is unrelated to other diseases and the cause unknown. It has either a benign, continuous course or exacerbations and remissions. Loperamide relieved diarrhoea in five of six patients. The collagen deposition seems to be slowly progressive, but clinical and histopathological resolution may occasionally be seen.
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PMID:Collagenous colitis. A clinical, histological, and ultrastructural study. 385 40

The smoking habits of 145 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were compared with those of 63 patients with ulcerative colitis and 25 patients with Crohn's disease. Patients with IBS and ulcerative colitis smoked significantly less than those with Crohn's disease. There was no significant difference in the smoking prevalence between ulcerative colitis and IBS patients. There were significantly more ex-smokers in the ulcerative colitis group and two-thirds of these patients developed their colitis within a year of stopping smoking. It is suggested that any protective role postulated for smoking in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis should also be considered for IBS.
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PMID:Smoking in inflammatory bowel disease and the irritable bowel syndrome. 395 88

The irritable colon syndrome is a very common disorder with no serious sequelae. The cause is unknown but low dietary bulk and psychological factors are believed important. Sufferers may experience various combinations of diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain. The mechanisms are obscure but abnormal colon motility has been amply demonstrated. Serious organic diseases such as colitis and carcinoma of the colon must be firmly excluded. Treatment consists of sympathetic explanation and reassurance, increased dietary bulk and occasional judicious use of antispasmodic agents.
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PMID:The irritable colon. 461 5


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