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Query: UMLS:C0009319 (colitis)
 19,384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/Delta were studied at necropsy. Four groups of monkeys were inoculated with SIV/Delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with SIV/Delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. Three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. One rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenuated but was restored to virulence by single animal passage. Clinically, infected monkeys had lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, diarrhea, and a rash. Most monkeys died of enteric disease. The following lesions were seen: weight loss, thymic atrophy, lymphoid atrophy, bone marrow hyperplasia, encephalitis, colitis, amyloidosis, hepatitis, glomerulosclerosis, and the presence of syncytial cells. One Rh Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoma occurred. Opportunistic agents were identified: cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Cryptosporidia, and Pneumocystis. Shigella and Campylobacter often caused colitis.
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PMID:Necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/delta. 285 Jun 50

A girl aged 2 years and 10 months repeatedly suffered viral (thrice) and bacterial (colitis, salmonellosis, pneumonia 6 times) infections. At an age of 2 years primary pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed. Diagnostic catheterization was performed to exclude a congenital heart disease. The death occurred during the catheterization. An increase of beta-lymphocytes and plasma cells, a reduction of the T-lymphocyte zone were detected in the immunocompetent system during postmortem histological examination. The pathology diagnosis: primary immunodeficiency with a predominant suppression of cell-mediated immunity; hyperplasia of the lymph nodes with their plasmacytization; pneumosclerosis of all lobes of both lungs (a syndrome of primary pulmonary hypertension clinically); hypertrophy of the muscles of both atria and right ventricle, dilation of the heart cavities; acute heart insufficiency.
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PMID:[Primary immunodeficiency state in a child with the pulmonary hypertension syndrome]. 293 90

A primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human T-cell line HuT 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. This isolate, originally designated M. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (MnIV) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV/Mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboons (Papio cynocephalus). All six macaques became viremic by 3 weeks after inoculation, whereas neither of the baboons developed viremia. One pig-tailed macaque died at 15 weeks with suppurative peritonitis secondary to ulcerative, necrotizing colitis. Immunologic abnormalities included a marked decrease in CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although five macaques mounted an antibody response to SIV/Mne, the animal that died at 15 weeks remained antibody negative. Three other macaques (two rhesus and one pig-tailed) died 66 to 87 weeks after inoculation after exhibiting progressive weight loss, anemia, and diarrhea. Histopathologic findings at necropsy included various manifestations of immune deficiency, nephropathy, subacute encephalitis, pancreatitis, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid atrophy. SIV/Mne could be readily isolated from the spleens and lymph nodes of all necropsied macaques, and from the cerebrospinal fluid, brains, bone marrow, livers, and pancreas of some of the animals. SIV antigens were localized by avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry to pancreatic islet cells and to bone marrow endothelial cells. The data suggest that African baboons may be resistant to infection by SIV/Mne, whereas Asian macaques are susceptible to infection with this pathogenic primate lentivirus.
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PMID:Inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/Mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. 328 32

A 37-year-old homosexual man was evaluated for a one-week history of hematochezia. Results of a physical examination were remarkable only for grossly bloody stool. Sigmoidoscopy to 30 cm showed a friable mucosa compatible with an acute colitis, and a rectal biopsy specimen demonstrated an increased plasma cell infiltrate. Stool cultures subsequently yielded Aeromonas hydrophila; serum human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III antibody titer was positive. The patient responded to a course of treatment with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim with resolution of his symptoms and restoration of the bowel to a normal sigmoidoscopic appearance. Aeromonas hydrophila infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute proctocolitis, particularly in patients with underlying immunodeficiency states.
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PMID:Aeromonas hydrophila-associated colitis in a male homosexual. 363 56

Six patients with pseudomembranous colitis unrelated to lincomycin or clindamycin treatment were investigated for signs of localised or diffuse cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Before the onset of colitis 3 patients had receive prednisone, associated in 2 of them with immunosuppressive drugs. Testing for CMV included rectal mucosa biopsies, culture of blood leucocytes with human embryo diploid fibroblasts in continuous layer and titration of complement-deviating anti-CMV antibodies. Cytomegalic cells with nuclear inclusion bodies were found in the rectal mucosa of 5 patients, 4 of whom also had foci of CMV-infected cells in leucocyte-fibroblast cultures, indicative of viraemia. The fifth patient was not tested for viraemia but developed very high anti-CMV antibodies titers at a later stage. These results show that pseudomembranous colitis that are not due to antibiotics are frequently associated with localised or diffuse CMV infection. Viral invasion of the colon might be encouraged by a state of immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[Search of a cytomegalovirus infection during pseudo-membranous colitis. 6 cases (author's transl)]. 626 Dec 20

A patient had common variable immunodeficiency, chronic malabsorption, and Campylobacter jejuni infection. Infection was diagnosed by jejunal aspiration. A follow-up jejunal aspirate was culture positive at the same time that a stool culture was negative. Infection resulted in worsening of chronic diarrhea, but it was not associated with clinical features of colitis or proctitis. The duration of infection was prolonged and initial antimicrobial therapy was ineffective. Single drug therapy with erythromycin ethylsuccinate and then chloramphenicol led to the emergence of resistant organisms. After five months of bacterial excretion, combination therapy with metronidazole and neomycin sulfate eliminated the organism. This case emphasizes that the clinical manifestations and response to therapy of C jejuni infection can be altered in immunodeficient patients.
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PMID:Jejunal infection with Campylobacter. 671 98

Two 6-month-old male infants with diarrhea, malabsorption, and hypoproteinemia, who were initially diagnosed as having combined immunodeficiency syndrome, recovered with intensive plasma therapy. Prior to the onset of diarrhea, they had normal serum protein and lymphocyte values. Immunologic features of combined immunodeficiency included lymphopenia, diminished B and T cells, cutaneous anergy, low immunoglobulin levels, and poor lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro. Prior to therapy, both children had rectal ulcerations by proctosigmoidoscopy, colitis by rectal biopsy, and moderate to severe intestinal villus abnormalities by small bowel biopsy; plasma cells were absent Both had generalized malabsorption of all nutrients. Both infants were given irradiated fresh-frozen plasma for one to two months at 11 to 20 ml/kg/day to replace intestinal protein losses. During this time, diarrhea slowed, biopsy morphology improved, and immunoglobulin levels and T-cell function became normal. After discontinuance of plasma therapy, normal immune function and a normal stool pattern with reversal of malabsorption continued. Since intensive plasma therapy may have contributed to the reversal of the immunodeficiency state, a trial of such therapy is recommended in similar patients.
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PMID:Reversal of enterocolitis-associated combined immunodeficiency by plasma therapy. 698 21

A patient with common variable immunodeficiency disease is described with severe colitis confined to the rectosigmoid region. Inflammation was extensive in the regions involved and exhibited a character that we believe is most unusual. Inflammation was transmural in the regions involved. Macrophages were the major inflammatory cells, and no granulomas or giant cells were seen. Although the disorder seemed distinct from either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, the colitis responded favorably to oral azulfidine, prednisone, and to steroid enemas.
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PMID:Rectosigmoidal colitis in common variable immunodeficiency disease. 742 88

Endoscopically detected ulcers and submucous haemorrhage are common findings related to cytomegalovirus infection. We report a case of cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. Endoscopic findings showed elevated, white-yellowish, small size plaques with an erythematous central depression, resembling those found in pseudomembranous colitis.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient carrying the human immunodeficiency virus: the endoscopic image similar to pseudomembranous colitis]. 774 54

Diarrhea, the etiology of which often is obscure, is a major complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Diarrheogenic bacterial infections (eg, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) are diagnosed traditionally by stool analysis rather than by examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens. Although E coli rarely have been associated with diarrhea in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, neither have they routinely been sought. Endoscopic ileal and colorectal biopsy specimens from AIDS-positive patients with chronic diarrhea were analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface epithelium of many large intestinal biopsy specimens previously diagnosed with, for example, nonspecific colitis, regularly showed disarray, degeneration, and necrosis, often with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and eosinophils, irregular cell aggregates, cell shedding, and defects. The crypts were not involved nor were consistent changes noted in the lamina propria. Closer scrutiny of 52 of these biopsy specimens showed gram-negative coliform bacteria intimately associated with histopathology in four distinct patterns. In 22 biopsy specimens, including two from infants, four morphological types of bacilli were observed that adhered to and effaced the brush border in the classic manner with cytoskeletal rearrangement and pedestals. Other bacterial morphologies and/or patterns of epithelial interaction also were observed (ie, thin bacilli intercalated between microvilli [n = 7], loosely associated bacilli [n = 21], and enterocyte invasion by long rods [n = 2]). Three patients also had minor ileal involvement. Infection was greatest in the right colon and coinfections (eg, microsporidia, Mycobacterium avium complex, adenovirus, and especially cytomegalovirus) were documented in 37% (19 of 52) of specimens. Diarrheogenic bacterial infections, some of the E coli type, may be an important cause of diarrhea in HIV disease. Their precise characterization is needed so that stool samples, not endoscopic biopsy specimens, can be used for diagnosis.
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PMID:Diarrheogenic bacterial enteritis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a light and electron microscopy study of 52 cases. 775 Sep 32


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