Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0008370 (cholestasis)
 9,378 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study the determinants of BSP Tm in rhesus monkeys, animals with indwelling silastic catheters were infused with sufficient BSP to produce a rising plasma concentration and normal saline or taurocholic acid 3.5 mumol/min, 7.0 mumol/min, or 10.5 mumol/min. BSP Tm was 3.84 +/- 0.11 mg/kg/10 min during normal saline infusion, 5.52 +/- 0.53 mg/kg/10 min during taurocholic acid 3.5 mumol/min, despite greater bile flow with the latter compound. Higher infusion rates of taurocholic acid inhibited BSP Tm and the proportion of conjugated BSP secreted into bile, as well as bile flow and bile acid secretion. Taurodehydrocholic acid 7.0 mumol/min produced similar but less marked effects. These results indicate that bile flow does not explain the effects of bile acids on BSP Tm and suggests that bile acids exert varying effects on BSP transport or binding in micelles. The cholestasis observed with combined BSP and higher bile acid infusion rates is probably due to inhibition of liver cell intermediary metabolism or to liver cell toxicity.
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PMID:Choleresis and cholestasis produced by infusion of taurocholic acid or taurodehydrocholic acid combined with BSP in the rhesus monkey. 11 May 71

With the development of simplified methods of bile acid analysis, a new era has drawned in the evaluation of hepatobiliary disease. 1. A total serum bile acid particularly in the postprandial periods is more sensitive than either BSP or ICG for the detection of minimal liver disease and will become a useful screening method. 2. The ratio of chenodeoxycholate to cholate in serum together with the total concentration can often distinguish hepatitis and cirrhosis from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis with normal liver cell parenchyma. However, in practice this is usually of less value than the total serum bile acid level. 3. Changes in serum bile acids throughout a 24 hour cycle reflect the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and the capacity of the liver to transport them. These patterns are most useful in judging the severity of cholestasis and response to resin therapy. They also provide new insights into the pathophysiology of bile acid metabolism and excretion in different diseases of the liver.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum bile acids. 19 97

In an attempt to identify the heterozygotes state for progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (PIC), hepatic excretory function (131I rose bengal half-life (t1/2) and bromosulpthalein-transport maximum (BSP-Tm) was studied in controls and in eight members of a family, two of whom are affected with PIC. Values for 131I rose bengal t1/2 varied over a wide range in normal controls and were normal in patients with the syndrome of cholestasis and peripheral pulmonic stenosis in whom BSP-Tm and 45 min % retention were abnormal. 131I rose bengal t1/2 was abnormal in seven of eight family members. Despite this, BSP studies, including Tm, percent retention at 45 min, clearance were normal in all unaffected family members with the exception of the mother who has a reduced BSP-Tm. Fasting serum bile acid studies were normal in all unaffected family members. These studies do not clearly define the inheritance in this syndrome and suggest that any of the following three possibilities exist: 1) that the methods employed were not sensitive enough to detect heterozygotes, 2) that the inheritance in this syndrome is heterogenous; for instance, compound heterozygotes or autosomal dominant, or 3) that the family studies here represents a syndrome different from PIC.
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PMID:A study of inheritance in progressive intrahepatic cholestasis: hepatic excretory function in unaffected family members. 50 49

Methods to quantitatively assess all the hemodynamic alterations which occur in cirrhosis of the liver unfortunately are not as yet available. Within this context, transhepatic catheterization of portal vein branches represents a real progress. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the BSP plasma disappearance curve has revealed that the second exponential component (k2) is particularly useful for the early diagnosis of cholestasis.
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PMID:[Hepatic hemodynamics and function (author's transl)]. 63 11

The retrograde intrabiliary injection (RII) technique was used to study the reabsorption of equimolar doses (1,2 mumol) of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) and its analogue phenol 3,6 dibromphthalein disulfonate (DBSP) from the rat biliary tree under the experimental conditions established in this study i.e. variation of retrograde volumes injected and of short time cholestasis. RII was performed with a microliter syringe joined to a cannula positioned in the proximal third of the common bile duct. This technique guaranteed accurate administration of microliter quantities, also free bile flow could be reinitiated 3 - 5 sec after RII. Bile samples were collected in 2, 5 min intervals up to the 5th min, then in 5 min intervals up to the 15th min, and the following 15 min up to the 30th min and analysed for compounds administered by RII. No significant differences in the biliary reabsorption of BSP and DBSP after RII could be detected. Increasing retrograde volumes of 20, 40, 60, 110, and 160 mul lead to decreasing percent recoveries in the bile in the first 2,5 min after RII (88,0 +/- 3,8 - 15,6 +/- 3,1) when bile flow was started at once after RII. An inverse correlation between retrograde volume and percent recoveries was found. Increasing duration of cholestasis (bile flow was started at once, 0,5 min, 3 min, 6 min, and 30 min after RII) results in decreasing percent recoveries of BSP and DBSP in the first 2,5 min after free bile flow was reinitiated (52,7 +/- 3,6 - 20,0 +/- 1,2). A time dependent proportional effect could be detected. Furthermore in the case of BSP concomitant with increasing cholestasis increasing amounts of BSP - conjugates were found in the bile supporting the idea of a continuing ductular - hepatocellular circulation even during complete obstruction of the common bile duct.
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PMID:Influence of retrograde volume and short time cholestasis on the biliary reabsorption of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) and phenol 3,6 dibromphthalein disulfonate (DBSP) from the rat biliary tree after retrograde intrabiliary injection (RII). 99 70

In the serum of many patients with sarcoidosis, alkaline phosphatase activity is increased due to sarcoid liver involvement. A study was carried out of various tests expressing intrahepatic cholestasis in 26 patients with sarcoidosis, 18 of them with a positive liver biopsy and 8 with a negative liver biopsy. SAP was elevated in 23% of the patients and its thermoresistance pointed to an hepatic origin. The predictive value of a positive test (PV-positive, the percentage of times that a positive test is in agreement with an involved liver) and the predictive value of a negative test (PV-negative, the percentage of times that a negative test will detect a nondiseased liver) were calculated. LP-X test is more reliable than SAP, which in turn is better than CB, BSP retention, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, in that order. LP-X seems to be more specific and more sensitive than alkaline phosphatase for predicting liver involvement in sarcoidosis.
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PMID:LP-X test in sarcoidosis patients with liver involvement: comparison with other liver function tests. 106 29

7 cases of pruritus in pregnancy are reported and their laboratory findings compared with a group of normal pregnant women; then pruritus is reviewed with respect to diagnosis, pathogenesis, therapy, and prognosis. The 7 women developed pruritus in 28-38 weeks of typically the 2nd pregnancy, although during oral contraception in 1 woman. The frequency was about 2/1000 pregnancies. Lab findings suggestive of cholestasis included normal prothrombin, elevated transaminaes, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and slowed BSP clearance. None of these women had any history of hepatitis, medication, or positive Australia antigen. It is important in diagnosis to rule out infections, toxic or iatrogenic hepatitis, and especially herpes gestationis, which is teratogenic. Pruritus of pregnancy is identical to that seen during oral contraception, i.e., it is a less severe form of cholestatsis than jaundice. It can be treated with cholestyramine, or will regress spontaneously after delivery, but may cause prematurity.
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PMID:[Significance of pruritus during pregnancy. Relations with the hepatic disorders of gestation]. 113 31

These experiments demonstrate that the adminstration of bilirubin does not significantly alter biliary manganese excretion in manganese-loaded animals. Sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP), which has been shown to afford prophylaxis against manganese-bilirubin cholestasis, significantly increases the biliary excretion of manganese. These results are meaningful in that they indicate that the amount of manganese per se in the bile is not critical in this cholestasis, and suggest that intracanalicular reactions are probably not etiologically critical in this model. They point to the conclusion that the critical cholestatic events are occurring within the hepatocyte. The results also indicate that the biliary excretion of manganese is obligate, and to some extent independent of bile flow. The critical cholestatic events are presumably mediated through the biochemical effects of either a manganese-bilirubin complex or of manganese and bilirubin acting separately but synergistically.
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PMID:Bilirubin as a cholestatic agent. IV. Effect of bilirubin and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) on biliary manganese excretion. 116 53

The administration of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) to manganese-loaded animals had been found to prevent effectively the cholestasis normally created by bilirubin infusion following manganese loading. Measurement of bilirubin levels in blood, liver, and bile in manganese-bilirubin animals with and without BSP fails to provide convincing evidence for a BSP-induced shift in site or magnitude of total bilirubin concentration as an explanation for this anticholestatic action of BSP. Nevertheless, increasing the dose of bilirubin partially reinstitutes the cholestasis. The results are important in that they demonstrate (1) that under certain circumstances intrahepatic cholestasis can be immediately and directly prevented by a pharmacologic agent (by a means not as yet defined) and (2) that the cholestatic activity of bilirubin is, to some extent or under some circumstances, separable from its concentration in blood, liver, and bile.
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PMID:Bilirubin as a cholestatic agent. III. Prevention of bilirubin-related cholestasis by sulfobromophthalein. 116 52

Clinical and laboratory findings from 15 patients with icteric viral hepatitis during pregnancy (VHP) and from 22 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (CJP) were evaluated statistically in order to find out which parameters might help in order to find out which parameters might help in differentiating the two diseases. Diagnosis was established by needle liver biopsy in all cases. The following data were considered: history, physical examination, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) serum cholesterol, prothrombin time, total serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum protein, serum flocculation tests, BSP blood clearance and serum HB Ag. Vomiting, high GOT and GPT serum levels, and serum HB Ag positivity suggest VHP diagnosis. Otherwise a severe itching with scratching lesions, high ESR, elevated total cholesterol and serum alkaline phosphatase values mainly if occurring in the later stage of pregnancy are consistent with CJP diagnosis. When clinical and laboratory data from a jaundiced pregnant female do not allow diagnosis, this can be established only on the basis of needle liver biopsy.
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PMID:The differential diagnosis between intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice and viral hepatitis during pregnancy. 122 May 7


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