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Query: UMLS:C0008370 (cholestasis)
 9,378 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bile samples from patients suffering from cholestasis were tested. Cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile acids (cholic, lithocholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic) were measured and the methods for the gas-chromatographic determination of cholesterol and major bile acids as well as for the colorimetric determination of phosphorus in phospholipids of human bile are described in extenso. Bile samplings were first carried out on the day the drainage tube was positioned and were repeated every 5 days for four times. Between the first and the last sampling, 1250 mg of phosphatidylcholine was intravenously administered to each patient daily. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possible variations in the bile constituents occurring over the specified time.
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PMID:[Chemico-experimental data on the principal bile constituents in patients with obstructive jaundice]. 252 67

Protein, calorie, fluid, fat, and micronutrient requirements of pediatric patients are reviewed, as are methods of nutritional assessment and complications associated with the use of parenteral nutrition in these patients. In general, preterm infants and neonates require greater per-kilogram amounts of protein, calories, fluid, and micronutrients than older children. In addition, preterm infants and neonates have deficiencies in enzymes that metabolize certain amino acids, making otherwise nonessential amino acids essential. These unique protein needs have been addressed in amino acid formulations designed specifically for this group of patients. Supplying the neonate with the calcium and phosphorus needed for bone growth can be difficult because of solubility limitations in parenteral nutrient solutions. The use of intravenous fat emulsion in infants with hyperbilirubinemia or pulmonary complications is controversial. However, only rarely does fat emulsion have to be completely withheld. Complications associated with parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients include infection, metabolic disorders (cholestasis, bone demineralization), and mechanical problems. Cholestasis induced by parenteral nutrition has been shown to be more common in low-birth-weight infants; however, the precise etiology is unknown and may be multifactorial. Basic requirements necessary to promote growth while pediatric patients are receiving parenteral nutrition have been determined. However, current studies are challenging what were thought to be standards of pediatric parenteral nutrition therapy.
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PMID:Parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients. 313 54

Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, 1,25(OH)2D, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase were measured in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and in control subjects at the third trimester of pregnancy and at delivery. 25(OH)D levels of 40.5 +/- 21.5 nmol/l in the patient group were initially significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than the value of 26.3 +/- 9.5 nmol/l in the control group and decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) to 26.0 +/- 16.3 nmol/l at delivery. The levels of active 1,25(OH)2D and inactive 24,25(OH)2D did not alter in either group. Also the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium remained unchanged in both groups. No significant differences in fetal vitamin D metabolites were observed between patients and controls, and the other analysed fetal parameters were similar in both groups. Cholestyramine and/or phenobarbital treatment had no influence on vitamin D metabolites. Since levels of 1,25(OH)2D and mineral parameters remained normal and a change in 25(OH)D concentrations was only transient, the clinical role of 25(OH)D variations cannot be substantial.
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PMID:Vitamin D and mineral metabolism in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. 378 Oct 71

Total phosphorus, inorganic phosphate, and phospholipids were measured in bile of rats and guinea pigs during choleresis and cholestasis produced by taurocholate and taurolithocholate, respectively. Under either experimental condition, total biliary phosphorus concentrations increased significantly in both species, due primarily to an increase in inorganic phosphate. These studies indicate that, if total phosphorus is taken as an estimate of biliary phospholipid concentration, correction for inorganic phosphate is essential under conditions associated with changes in bile secretory function.
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PMID:Role of inorganic phosphate in total biliary phosphorus determination. 404 28

Thirty barrows (average weight 8.4 kg) were used in a 3-wk experiment to determine the effects of the ingestion of vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-contaminated feed on performance and blood chemistry. The barrows were assigned randomly to consume either: 1) a control diet (C), fed ad libitum, 2) a vomitoxin contaminated diet (V; 10.5 ppm), fed ad libitum, or 3) a vomitoxin contaminated pair-fed at levels equal to those consumed by V animals (PF). The V and PF pigs had similar daily gains (.19 vs .20 kg) and feed intakes (.40 and .39 kg), but both of these were lower (P less than .01) than those for the C-fed pigs (.38 kg daily gain and .72 kg feed intake). The V-fed pigs had lower (P less than .05) hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum glucose and serum phosphorus and tended to have lower serum calcium (P less than .06) than C-fed pigs. The V-fed pigs had higher (P less than .05) hemoglobin and tended to have higher (P less than .08) serum phosphorus and lower (P less than .07) serum calcium than PF animals. There was a high total- and free-bilirubin concentration in serum of C- and V-fed pigs in the last sampling period (3-wk), which may be due to fasting and not cholestasis. No differences among treatments were observed in any of the other blood parameters. These results suggest that the differences in animal performance and blood parameters observed between control-and vomitoxin-fed pigs are mainly due to differences in feed intake.
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PMID:The effects of vomitoxin and feed intake on the performance and blood characteristics of young pigs. 407 64

Livers of eight patients with chronic liver diseases were investigated by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. First, three kinds of preparations (osmium-Epon sections, glutaraldehyde-frozen sections, and unfixed-frozen sections) were compared for element detectability at a subcellular level. The glutaraldehyde-frozen sections were satisfactory as far as copper, sulfur, and phosphorus were concerned. Five patients (one patient with Wilson's disease, one chronic cholestasis, one chronic hepatitis, and two asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis) yielded x-ray images of copper and sulfur consistent with hepatocellular lysosomes. Second, the glutaraldehyde-frozen sections were utilized for a study of copper deposits in the patients' livers. There was a significant correlation between copper and sulfur contents in the lysosomes of all patients studied but no correlation in the remainder of the cytoplasm. Zinc was not detected in the lysosomes. Whatever the content of copper in the lysosomes, the ratio of delta copper to phosphorus (weight/weight) to delta sulfur to phosphorus was 0.60. These data indicate that most lysosomal copper binds to a thiol protein, probably metallothionein, in the liver.
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PMID:Electron probe X-ray analysis on human hepatocellular lysosomes with copper deposits: copper binding to a thiol-protein in lysosomes. 649 60

Fourteen premature infants on prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) exhibited radiographic evidence of rickets. All had received supplementary doses of vitamin D that, in retrospect, may have been inadequate. Cholestasis and rickets resolved in the 10 surviving infants after they were started on oral feelings, which corrected their hypophosphatemia. On the assumption that they might be deficient in vitamin D, they were given high doses of it. In retrospect, it appears probable that rickets in such cases is caused by hypophosphatemia, due to inadequate phosphorus intake, and that vitamin D deficiency is of little or no importance.
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PMID:Rickets associated with cholestasis and parenteral nutrition in premature infants. 679 98

The main clinical manifestations of aluminum toxicity include progressive encephalopathy, osteomalacia, microcytic hypochromic anemia, and cholestasis. The premature newborn receiving IV therapy are at high risk of such aluminium intoxication: two conditions predispose them to an aluminum overdose-parenteral exposure and their reduced kidney function. The amount of aluminum present as contaminant was calculated for each of the i.v. solutions used in the preparation of the parenteral nutrition units in pediatrics, along with that for three prepared nutritions. This was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The calcium salts (5.18 +/- 2.88(5)ppm), phosphorus salts (3.96 +/- 3.52(5)ppm) and trace elements (1.52 +/- 0.92(4) ppm) were the most contaminated components, the amount of aluminum being similar to that found by other authors showing bone and liver accumulations. The great variability between the solutions of different manufacturers and of different batches suggests that the contamination takes place during manufacture, so that it could in many cases be prevented by establishing adequate controls.
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PMID:[Aluminum contamination of pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions]. 801 95

We reviewed 15 cases of poisoning from ingestion of yellow phosphorus-containing fireworks and analyzed its associated acute hepatotoxic effects. Two patients (13%) had no clinical or biochemical evidence of hepatic damage, four (27%) had subclinical hepatic injury, five (33%) manifested varying degrees of hepatocellular necrosis and cholestasis, and four (27%) had fulminant hepatic failure. Jaundice was not associated with mortality (p > 0.05), but it appeared to predict the length of hospital confinement. Early elevations in transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, a more than tenfold increase in alanine aminotransferase, and a severe derangement in prothrombin time all indicate poor prognosis. Metabolic acidosis and hypoglycemia were significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The use of intravenous N-acetylcysteine did not significantly alter disease outcome (p > 0.05). Our mortality rate was 27%, confirming that yellow phosphorus is extremely lethal when ingested. Its indiscriminate use in the manufacture of fireworks should be eliminated.
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PMID:Acute hepatotoxicity from ingestion of yellow phosphorus-containing fireworks. 858 80

The significance of the biochemical and nutritional roles of trace elements is widely recognized, since metals are found as constituent components of many metalloproteins and metalloenzymes. Some trace elements such as copper act as cofactors against hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver diseases, particularly in the biosynthesis of collagen. As the disease progress from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis, serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc concentrations decrease, while the copper concentration increases. In the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, serum concentrations of trace elements are similar to those of liver cirrhosis. In the patients with acute hepatitis, serum calcium, magnesium and zinc concentrations decrease, while phosphorus, iron and copper concentrations decrease. These trace element abnormalities may reflect such pathological conditions as liver dysfunction, cholestasis, hepatic fibrosis or liver regeneration.
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PMID:[Liver diseases and essential trace elements]. 858 11


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