Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0008370 (cholestasis)
 9,378 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combination of quantitative hepatobiliary imaging techniques was developed to study normal control subjects and patients with 3 categories of hepatobiliary disease: 1) alcoholic cirrhosis; 2) sclerosing cholangitis; and 3) isolated common bile duct obstruction. Scintigraphic images were supplemented by quantitative measurement of hepatic extraction fraction by deconvolutional analysis and liver excretion T 1/2 by a nonlinear least squares method. In diseases confined primarily to the biliary tract (isolated common bile duct obstruction and sclerosing cholangitis), the mean hepatic extraction fraction as measured by deconvolutional analysis was not different from that in normal controls. In severe alcoholic cirrhosis, considered primarily a hepatocyte disease, the hepatic extraction fraction was markedly reduced. The T 1/2 excretion, compared to normal subjects, was prolonged in all three liver disease categories. We conclude that these quantitative parameters were able to detect hepatobiliary disease and to separate severe hepatocyte disease from biliary tract disease.
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PMID:Hepatocyte versus biliary disease: a distinction by deconvolutional analysis of technetium-99m IDA time-activity curves. 337 3

Serum concentrations of fazadinium were measured in eight patients with cirrhosis and eight patients with total biliary obstruction who underwent abdominal surgery. A biexponential decay of the concentration was observed after a single i.v. injection of fazadinium. A two-compartment open model was used in the pharmacokinetic analysis of the data. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with those obtained in 11 normal patients. A 90% increase in both the distribution half-life (T 1/2 alpha), from 10 to 19 min, and in the elimination half-life (T 1/2 beta), from 82 min to 153 min, was observed in patients with cirrhosis. These changes are the consequence of an increase (60%) in the total apparent volume of distribution (V). In contrast, the plasma clearance (Cl) was not modified. Total biliary obstruction was associated with very little change in the pharmacokinetics of fazadinium, T 1/2 beta being slightly prolonged to 103 min. No significant decrease in plasma clearance was observed in patients with cholestasis. These results suggest that biliary excretion of fazadinium does not represent an important supplementary pathway to renal excretion. The relatively rapid decrease of the blood concentration of fazadinium compared with other non-depolarizing relaxants is probably related to another extrarenal pathway of elimination which has not yet been identified.
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PMID:Fazadinium pharmacokinetics in patients with liver disease. 610 98

The plasma clearance of pancuronium in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis was 16% lower than in a control group (1.47 +/- 0.11 ml min-1 kg-1 v. 1.76 +/- 0.21 ml min-1 kg-1), but the difference was not significant. A significant increase in the elimination half-life T 1/2 beta of pancuronium (from 141 to 224 min) and a significant increase in the volume of the peripheral compartment (V2) was found in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis when compared with control patients. There was a significantly lower cumulative biliary excretion of pancuronium (0.3 +/- 0.3% v. 10.9 +/- 3.2% in the controls) during the 48-h period of observation. The biotransformation and cumulative urinary excretion patterns of pancuronium revealed no significant differences between the two groups of patients. The increase of T 1/2 beta pancuronium in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis was mainly a consequence of the increase in the volume of distribution. No significant differences in the plasma clearance, T 1/2 beta or in the volume of distribution were observed with gallamine in the patients with extrahepatic cholestasis when compared with the control group. The cumulative urinary excretion of gallamine during 48 h in both groups of patients was approximately 100%. We concluded that in patients with cholestasis and normal glomerular filtration, gallamine is probably more reliable than pancuronium for neuromuscular blockade.
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PMID:Hepatic and renal disposition of pancuronium and gallamine in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. 722 66