Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0008370 (cholestasis)
 9,378 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

An ultrastructural study of liver cells was performed on 4 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and on 3 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). In liver cells of PBC patients large (ad 2-3 mu in diameter) particles were seen, which morphologically resembed autophagic vacuoles or large secondary lysosymes. The morphology, size, location, and quantity of these particles corresponded to the orcein positive material seen in light microscopy of adjacent sections in specimens from PBC patients. These large particles were not seen in liver cells of CAH patients, which also lacked the orcein positive material in light microscopy. The author suggests that the observed particles indicate the activation of lysosomal compartment in liver cells in PBC, and that the orcein positive material (copper-protein complex accumulating in liver cells in chronic cholestasis) is taken into the phagolysosomal metabolism and processing in liver cells, and possibly resembles in this respect the intracellular metabolism of iron-compounds.
 ...
PMID:Orcein positive hepatocellular material in long-standing biliary diseases. II. Ultrastructural studies. 6 83

Liver specimens from 103 patients with various hepatic diseases and from 297 consecutive liver biopsies examined routinely were stained with orcein after oxidation of the tissue sections with potassium permanganate. Orcein-positive dark brown cytoplasmic material could be demonstrated in 27 cases with long-standing cholestasis. These patients had either primary biliary cirrhosis, the cholestatic liver disease of ulcerative colitis or chronic active hepatitis, advanced alcoholic cirrhosis or secondary biliary cirrhosis due to extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Orcein-positive material could not be demonstrated in congenital disorders of bilirubin metabolism or in hemochromatosis. Similarly, it could not be found in acute, toxic, alcoholic or chronic persistent hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:The occurrence of orcein-positive hepatocellular material in various liver diseases. 6 38

Liver biopsies from eight patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, two with chronic active hepatitis of a cholestatic form, three with long-standing alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and one with extrahepatic biliary obstruction were studied. In each case dark brown cytoplasmic material was seen after staining of the tissue sections with Shikata's orcein method. In exactly the same cellular and subcellular locations as the orcein-positive material, and with morphologically equal granules, two different ordinary staining methods for copper (rubeanic acid and Mallory-Parker's haematoxylin) gave positive reactions. The earlier histochemical findings have revealed the protein nature and high sulphydryl content of the orcein-positive material. Its close association with copper in liver sections suggests its copper-binding nature and indicates that a common copper-protein complex accumulates in the cytoplasm of liver cells during longstanding cholestasis in biliary diseases of various pathogenetic origin.
 ...
PMID:Demonstration of an intracellular copper-binding protein by orcein staining in long-standing cholestatic liver diseases. 6 13

CH50 and the concentrations of C3, C4, C1 INH and factor B have been measured in sera from 34 control subjects and 178 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases, including primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), Wilson's disease (WD), large duct biliary obstruction (LDBO) and viral hepatitis (VH). CH50 was decreased in CAH and CC. C3 was increased in PBC, LDBO and VH and decreased in CAH and CC. C4 was decreased in PBC, CAH, ALD and WD. C1 INH was increased in PBC, CAH, ALD, LDBO and VH. Factor B was increased in LDBO and VH and decreased in CC. In none of the patient groups was the mean C4 level increased or the mean C1 INH level decreased. All 5 indices of serum complement were lower in ascitic than nonascitic patients. Data on serum complement were similar in HBsAg positive and negative VH. Discriminant analysis facilitated separation of all the patient groups on the basis of complement data, except PBC and VA. Analysis of data using a within-group correlation matrix revealed a significant negative correlation between C4, the most discriminating variable of serum complement in CAH, and gamma-globulin concentration in CAH. The possible contribution of factors such as activation of complement, impaired hepatic synthesis of complement components, an acute phase response and cholestasis to altered serum complement profiles in different hepatobiliary diseases is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Profiles of serum complement in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. 8 74

A histochemical study was carried out on orcein-positive hepatocellular material in 111 cases, 27 of which were stained positively by orcein. Orcein-positive material was very frequently found in protracted viral hepatitis and in chronic active hepatitis, as well as in other liver diseases with or without cholestasis; it was absent in liver cirrhosis. In all the cases considered the orcein-positive material was mainly formed of proteins, rich in amino acids with sulfhydryl and disulphide radicals, tryptophan and, to a lesser extent, of NH2 alpha amino acids. The orcein-positive substance was apparently carbohydrate-free. The presence of copper was also confirmed.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical study of orcein-positive hepatocellular material in paraffin sections of liver biopsy samples in the course of various liver diseases. 9 Nov 88

Significant liver disease developed in 14 patients after renal transplantation. Nine patients had morphologic and functional evidence of chronic active hepatitis. In general, these patients had few symptoms of liver disease, even though the course of chronic active hepatitis was progressive. Despite large doses of prednisone, cirrhosis ultimately developed in five patients. The cause of chronic active hepatitis could not be related to azathioprine or methyldopa therapy because there was no perceptible change in the course of liver disease after treatment with these drugs was stopped. Three patients were persistently positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Isolated instances of granulomatous hepatitis (Mycobacterium kansasii) and of prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis were encountered in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Two patients had acute cytomegalovirus hepatitis. There was one episode each of fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis and severe fatty metamorphosis.
 ...
PMID:Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. 18 93

Grey-scale ultrasound tomography was used to examine the liver and biliary tree of 100 consecutive unselected jaundiced patients in a prospective study. It was successful in differentiating between hepato-cellular and obstructive jaundice in 94%. It precisely localised the site of obstruction in 75% of those patients with enlargement of the head of the pancreas from either carcinoma or gall-stones impacted in the Ampulla of Vater. This figure was reduced to 60% when all cases of obstruction were considered. Cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis were found to be associated with an abnormal pattern of echoes within the liver. These echoes were stronger and more numerous than normal. This association was not apparent with drug-induced cholestasis or acute viral hepatitis. Grey-scale ultrasound tomography is quick, safe and completely non-invasive. It should be the initial investigation of choice in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. When precise localisation of an obstruction is not possible after a repeat attempt, then percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be considered.
 ...
PMID:Ultrasound tomography of the liver: Non-invasive method of choice for the differential diagnosis of jaundice. 28 82

The characterisation of lymphocytes from liver biopsies indicates that 'activated' T lymphocytes are present in the liver in alcohol induced hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis (HBS+ve and -ve), and in primary biliary cirrhosis but not in inactive cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, extrahepatic and drug induced cholestasis. A greater percentage of lymphocytes bear Fc-receptors in chronic active hepatitis than in alcohol induced hepatitis or cholestatic liver disease. The concentration of 'activated' T cells in the peripheral blood in all groups studied was within the normal range, suggesting that the 'activated' T cells found in the liver were reacting to either native or foreign antigens within the liver. The data on Fc-receptor bearing cells are consistent with the involvement of antibody assisted K cell mediated cytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte populations in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic liver disease. 32 39

Primary biliary cirrhosis is a disease characterized by slowly progressive intrahepatic cholestasis, destructive lesions of the septal and larger interlobular bile ducts, and granulomas. It is associated with defects of both humoral and cellular immune function. As part of the detailed evaluation of these defects, the status of the complement system has been evaluated. Striking abnormalities of serum complement levels are found but are difficult to interpret. However, the demonstration of marked hypercatabolism of C3, but not albumin, suggests that the complement system may be in a chronically activated state. Furthermore, an unequivocal defect in the clearance of sensitized erythrocytes by receptors for C3b on Kupffer cells has been found. One possible explanation for this finding would be that a large proportion of these receptors are occupied either by immune complexes containing C3b or excess free C3b that is generated by complement activation. Major defects of C3 catabolism and C3b-receptor-mediated clearance are not found in patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis. These findings suggest a role for the complement system in the pathophysiology of primary biliary cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:NIH conference. Primary biliary cirrhosis and the complement system. 42 Apr 67


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>