Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0008354 (cholera)
 20,452 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, we compared the activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin against 269 enteropathogenic strains (Campylobacter jejuni, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia enterocolitica) with that of rosoxacin, flumequin, nifuroxazide, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, amikacin, netilmicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. Pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin were always among the most active compounds. Furthermore, resistant strains or strains with elevated MIC values were not found. The MIC90 value for these three compounds was less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l, except for C. jejuni where it was 0.3 mg/l and 1.4 mg/l for pefloxacin and enoxacin, respectively.
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PMID:The comparative activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin and 13 other antimicrobial agents against enteropathogenic microorganisms. 354 45

In this work simple techniques for obtaining polyacrylamide sorbents with magnetic properties are described. These techniques have permitted obtaining block and microgranulated sorbents with the immobilization of antibodies from plague antiserum in the cellular gel structure for the specific sorption of killed and live Yersinia pestis cells and their first fraction; pig brain gangliosides have also been incorporated into the gel structure with a view to the sorption of cholera toxin from the filtrate of Vibrio cholerae culture. The magnetic properties of sorbents, obtained by the copolymerization of powdered magnetic ferric oxides in gel, have made it possible to increase the effectiveness of specific sorption due to mixing and rapid separation in different magnetic fields, as well as to facilitate and accelerate manipulations with the sorbent at all stages. The capacity of different types of sorbents and the time of sorption have been determined.
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PMID:[Preparation and use of magnetic sorbents for studying microorganism antigens]. 391 84

We report a simple diagnostic characteristic useful in the presumptive identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Filter paper disks impregnated with cadmium chloride were placed on streaked agar medium. Zones of growth inhibition for Campylobacter spp. occurred at 1.25 micrograms per disk. Other enteropathogens (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica) were resistant to at least 40 micrograms per disk, with the exception of a strain of Shigella flexneri, which showed first susceptibility at 10 micrograms per disk. Most of the 52 Campylobacter strains, which were isolated from human clinical and animal sources, showed zones of inhibition greater than 10 mm with 2.5 micrograms of cadmium chloride per disk. At 20 micrograms per disk, Campylobacter isolates from clinical sources were significantly (P less than 0.01) more susceptible to cadmium chloride inhibition than were those from meat samples.
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PMID:Cadmium chloride susceptibility, a characteristic of Campylobacter spp. 399 99

The amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin, produced by Vibrio cholerae non-01 and isolated from its culture supernatant, was determined by both Edman degradation of native and reductively carboxymethylated enterotoxin and also a combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and carboxypeptidase Y digestion of native enterotoxin to be as follows: Ile-Asp-Cys-Cys-Glu-Ile-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Phe-Gly-Cys-Leu-Asn. This sequence is very similar, but not identical, to those of heat-stable enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica.
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PMID:Amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae non-01. 406 41

Yersinia enterocolitica serotype IX has been found to stimulate the production of vibriocidal antibody against Vibrio cholerae, particularly in Inaba serotype, in experimental rabbits and infected man to a significant degree. This activity could be absorbed by both Inaba and Yersinia antigens from anti-yersinia sera, but Yersinia antigen could not absorb vibriocidal activity from the anti-cholera sera, indicating a unilateral relation.Vibrio agglutinating antibody, particularly against Ogawa, in anti-yersinia rabbit or human sera was found to be less liable to non-specific stimulation.V. cholerae, while removing vibriocidal antibody, could not absorb the Yersinia agglutinin from anti-yersinia sera, suggesting that there is a different determinant for these two types of antibody activities.The non-specific production of vibriocidal antibody by Y. enterocolitica type IX indicates the need for caution in the interpretation of the results of vibriocidal tests where such organisms are prevalent.
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PMID:Vibriocidal antibodies induced by Yersinia enterocolitica serotype IX. 450 37

Recent studies have added important new information to our understanding of the pathogenesis and ethiology of diarrheal disease. Vibrio cholerae produces a heat-labile enterotoxin, affecting cyclic AMP. A very similar heat-labile enterotoxin is produced also by certain strains of Escherichia coli, as well as by Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Aeromonas. E. coli may also produce a heat-stable enterotoxin, stimulating guanylate cyclase activity. In order to produce the pathologic effects, E. coli first attaches to epithelial cells of the intestinal tract by means of pili or surface antigens. Enterotoxin can be demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro tests, but none are yet suitable for routine diagnostic laboratories. A third mechanism whereby E. coli causes diarrheal disease consists of enteroinvasiveness. Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Clostridium difficile have been added to the list of enteric pathogens of man.
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PMID:Enteropathogenicity: recent developments. 612 11

A systematic study of enteropathogenic agents in the stools of children was carried out in a rural area of Kivu Province in Zaire in June, 1979. 84 inpatients and 271 outpatients with diarrhoea were investigated together with 117 inpatient and 203 outpatient controls without diarrhoea. Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequently recovered pathogen in both inpatients (24%) and outpatients (13.7%). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was the next most common among children presenting as outpatients with diarrhoea (10.3%). Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated for the first time in this region. Rotaviruses were found only in outpatients with diarrhoea, and usually in children under two years of age. C. jejuni and Vibrio cholerae could also be isolated from the faeces of domestic animals living in close contact with these village families. Analysis of the clinical features did not lead to the recognition of a pattern typical of any particular pathogen. Salmonella, Shigella, and enteropathogenic E. coli did not play a significant role in the cases studied.
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PMID:Enteropathogenic agents in children with diarrhoea in rural Zaire. 613 Dec 21

The phenol-phase soluble cellular lipopolysaccharide isolated by the phenol/water extraction method from Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 cells was shown by hydrolytic, periodate oxidation, methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance studies to be an S-type lipopolysaccharide with a linear O-antigenic polysaccharide of 1,2-linked 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl units. The serological cross-reactivity between Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9 and the lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae and Brucella species can now be related to the presence of N-acylated 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues in their respective O-antigenic chains.
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PMID:Structure of the O-chain of the phenol-phase soluble cellular lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9. 619 99

A comparison was made of the in vitro activities of norfloxacin and of nine other orally administered antibacterial agents against 180 clinical isolates representing the bacterial species most frequently implicated in infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. The 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations showed norfloxacin to be 4, 15, 4, 17, 17, 17, and 33 times more active than the next best compound tested against Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica, respectively, with an overall 90% minimal inhibitory concentration of less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. Norfloxacin was least active against Clostridium difficile (90% minimal inhibitory concentration, 128 micrograms/ml). These results should encourage further evaluation of norfloxacin as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of enteric bacterial infections for which antibiotic therapy is indicated.
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PMID:In vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin (MK-0366, AM-715) and other agents against gastrointestinal tract pathogens. 621 22

Stool specimen from 994 patients with Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases were processed for bacterial agents known to be responsible for acute diarrhoea. These were from patients seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a 9 month period. The pattern that emerged showed Shigella isolates made up by 36 flexneri; 29 boydii, 21 dysenteriae and 4 sonnei; Salmonella isolates were typhi 3, typhimurium 12, enteritidis 3, Oranienburg 9, others 8; Yersinia enterocolitica 14; Campylobacter species 20; Enterotoxinogenic E. coli 12, Vibrio cholerae 5; Enteropathogenic E. coli 35; Enterotoxinogenic E. coli 12; Enteroinvasive E. coli 5. Shigella was by far the most common with 43.6% of the isolates EPEC with 17% Salmonella 12% Campylobacter species 9.7%. Yersinia enterocolitica 6.7% ETEC 6%, Vibrio cholera 2.5% and EIEC 2.5%. The isolates are discussed in relation to age groups and seasons of the year. Oral glucose-electrolyte therapy was evaluated in 48 infants with acute diarrhoea. Pcv, electrolyte, Blood Urea, gain in body weight and fluid intake were monitored. Acceptability and effectiveness of the ORT in our Community were confirmed. There was no excess gain in body weights or puffiness of face and eyelids in the study subjects.
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PMID:Local pattern of acute enteric bacterial infections in man--Lagos, Nigeria. 634 63


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