Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0008325 (cholecystitis)
 3,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective review of the records of 1,507 patients with a diagnosis of cholecystitis was conducted for the five-year period, 1972 to 1977. Of this group of patients, a histopathologic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was established in 154 patients (10.2%). Common duct calculi were detected in 17 of these 154 patients, an incidence of 11%. Preoperative evaluation by means of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels and intravenous cholangiography was unsatisfactory for consistent demonstration of choledocholithiasis in the presence of acute cholecystitis. Intraoperative cholangiography was found to be the most reliable method for detection of common duct calculi and was successfully employed in 14 of 17 patients with choledocholithiasis. The remaining three patients had palpable stones.
 ...
PMID:Choledocholithiasis associated with acute cholecystitis. 46 4

Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and their relation to liver function test values were studied in 29 jaundiced patients with benign extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction and inflammation. During the obstructive and inflammatory phase, 15 (52%) of the patients had CEA levels greater than 2.5 ng/ml. Elevated CEA levels were associated more frequently with common bile duct stones (and cholangitis) than with gallbladder stones (and cholecystitis) alone, although this difference was not statistically significant. The former often had values greater than 5.0 ng/ml. The highest values were found in two patients with liver abscesses. T'HE CEA levels returned to normal following relief of obstruction in seven of ten patients and increased in two patients who had progressive inflammation. Serum alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the patients with elevated CEA levels (p smaller than .05). Serum alkaline phosphatase levels showed a significant positive correlation with CEA levels (p smaller than .02). Patients with obstructive jaundice and elevated CEA levels do not necessarily have cancer.
 ...
PMID:Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels and biliary tract obstruction. 117 45

In the presence of ascites ultrasound is not appropriate to distinguish between gallbladder perforation and acute acalculous cholecystitis. However, the correct and early diagnosis of gallbladder perforation is important for the treatment and prognosis. We report 4 critically ill patients with ascites. All patients had evidence of gallbladder perforation by ultrasound and underwent cholecystectomy: 2 patients had gallbladder perforation, but 2 had acalculous cholecystitis without perforation. Markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase was the only discriminating finding indicating gallbladder perforation.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of gallbladder perforation in acute acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill patients. 143 May 91

Diagnostic importance of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities estimation in bile was demonstrated during inflammation of biliary ducts and gallbladder. Activation of these enzymes in B-bile in cholecystitis and in B- and C-bile--in cholecystocholangitis enabled to perform topical diagnosis. Correlation between the enzymatic activity in bile and blood allowed to diagnose acute viral hepatitis B and its combination with inflammation of biliary cuts.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic significance of determining gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood serum and bile in viral hepatitis B and in bile duct inflammation]. 167 6

Four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed severe abdominal pain and fever due to acute acalculous cholecystitis. In all patients, preoperative laboratory data showed elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels. Endoscopic or intraoperative cholangiography showed signs of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangitis. Cholecystectomy was performed and prompt relief of symptoms was achieved in all patients; no postoperative complication was observed. One patient did not develop any recurrence during an 18-month period of follow-up; two patients died 2 and 3 months after the operation. One patient developed recurrent abdominal pain and cholestasis 4 months after the operation, with dilatation of the common bile duct and papillary stenosis due to progression of cholangitis. These observations suggest that cholangitis is frequently associated with cholecystitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Its pathogenesis is not known.
 ...
PMID:Cholangitis associated with cholecystitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 197 5

Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently develop hepatic dysfunction. Although hepatic injury may indirectly result from malnutrition, hypotension, administered medications, sepsis, or other conditions, the hepatic injury is frequently due to opportunistic hepatic infection, directly related to AIDS. Infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare typically occurs in patients with advanced immunocompromise and with systemic symptoms due to widely disseminated infection. In contrast, hepatic tuberculosis often occurs with less advanced immunocompromise. Cytomegaloviral infection may produce a hepatitis. Cytomegaloviral and cryptosporidial infections have been implicated as causes of acalculous cholecystitis and of a secondary sclerosing cholangitis. About 10-20% of patients with AIDS have chronic hepatitis B infection. These patients tend to develop minimal hepatic inflammation and necrosis. The clinical findings in patients with hepatic cryptococcal infection are usually due to concomitant extrahepatic infection. Hepatic histoplasmosis usually develops as part of a widely disseminated infection with systemic symptoms. Hepatic involvement by Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely documented ante mortem because an unguided liver biopsy is an insensitive diagnostic procedure. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver typically have lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and systemic symptoms. As a pragmatic approach, patients with liver dysfunction and HIV-related disease should have a sonographic or computerized tomographic examination of the liver. Patients with dilated bile ducts should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because opportunistic infection may produce biliary obstruction. Patients with a focal hepatic lesion should be considered for a guided liver biopsy. Patients with a significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level should be considered for a percutaneous liver biopsy. When performed for these indications, liver biopsy will demonstrate a significant disease involving the liver in about 50% of patients with AIDS and in about 25% of patients who are HIV seropositive but who are not known to have AIDS. The clinical impact of a diagnostic biopsy is blunted by a lack of efficacious therapy for many opportunistic infections.
 ...
PMID:Hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 198 33

Blood serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) level was found elevated in the patients suffering from eczema, neurodermatitis, eczema with large skin sites involved, and in those with trophic ulcers of various origins, as against normal subjects and reference patients with sarcoidosis and Kaposi's sarcoma. Elevated level of the enzyme activity is directly related to exacerbation stage and size of the skin site involved; this level reduced after therapy and this reduction was associated with clinical improvement. No concomitant visceral abnormalities (calculous cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, or malignant tumors) were detected in the examinees, that might influence the blood serum AP activity.
 ...
PMID:[The alkaline phosphatase activity of the blood serum as a factor reflecting the chronic inflammatory process in the skin in generalized forms of psoriasis, neurodermatitis, eczema and trophic ulcers]. 209 93

Biliary complications have recently been reported in patients with AIDS. This may take the form of acalculous cholecystitis or more commonly cholangitis, which may or may not be associated with stenosis of the papilla. These conditions must be sought in patients presenting with right hypochondrial pain and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Infection with Cryptosporidium or cytomegalovirus is often associated.
 ...
PMID:[Biliary diseases in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. 219 80

A case of unusual cholecystitis that developed on completion of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy is described. A 62-year-old man was treated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells for disseminated renal cell carcinoma. During the course of the immunotherapy, his serum alkaline phosphatase level increased, as did the peripheral eosinophil count (0.31). Subsequently, clinical and radiologic evidence of acute cholecystitis was noted. The removed gallbladder showed acalculus cholecystitis with extensive diffuse infiltrates of numerous eosinophils and T lymphocytes, but sparse polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The authors name this unusual cholecystitis acalculus lymphoeosinophilic cholecystitis and believe it to be associated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy. The pathogenic relationship is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Acalculus lymphoeosinophilic cholecystitis associated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy. 222 49

Between 1981 and 1987 5434 patients were studied by ERCP in Allgemeines Krankenhaus Hamburg-Barmbeck. 26 (i.e. 0.43%) suffered from Mirizze syndrome with the triad of cholelithiasis, cholecystitis and obstructive biliary disease. They were classified in four different types according to the variable localisation and origin of the biliary obstruction. 16 patients corresponded to the classical type (I and II) with compression, penetration, and obturation by the concrement, five patients matched borderline with infiltration (III) and five patients were classified as variants of this syndrome. A mild elevation of serum bilirubine and alkaline phosphatase indicated more likely the benign etiology of type I to III, however, a marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase in the variants suggested more likely a malignant underlying disease. The diagnosis was ascertained in all cases by ERC and sonography preoperatively and was verified by laparotomy (n = 18) and follow-up (n = 6).
 ...
PMID:[Mirizzi syndrome and its variants]. 239 50


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>