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Query: UMLS:C0008325 (cholecystitis)
 3,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of ultrasound in the non-invasive investigation of the biliary tract and pancreas is discussed. Its accuracy in detecting gallstones in the non-acute condition is as accurate as conventional radiography, which is dependent on the excretion of contrast medium by the liver. Ultrasound is not dependent on liver function and has become the best initial investigation in persistent jaundice, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatic disease. In a retrospective study of 75 patients with acute pancreatitis liver function tests were found to be abnormal in 67% and contrast radiography proved to be of limited value. Ultrasonography performed shortly after admission showed an overall accuracy of 82% correct findings. The identification of gallstones in pancreatitis and cholecystitis permits early surgery, which reduces morbidity, improves prognosis, and is now being accepted as the treatment of choice.
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PMID:The clinical value of ultrasound in biliary tract and pancreatic disease. 49 36

In the period from 1963 til 1978 the authors observed 1084 patients with cholecystitis. Operations were performed on 336 patients. Acute cholecystitis was diagnosed in 190 patients, chronic calculous cholecystitis--in 128 patients, chronic acalculous cholecystitis--in 18 cases. In acute cholecystitis the active-temporizing tactics was used. Urgent operations were performed on patients with peritonitis. In other variants the conservative treatment was prescribed. When the patient's condition was stated to improve, the surgical treatment was performed if indicated. Patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis were operated on diagnosing. Chronic acalculous cholecystitis was an indication for surgery in cases of frequent attacks of hepatic colic and inefficiency of the conservative therapy.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis]. 51 74

Three cases of acute emphysematous cholecystitis are reported. Our experience has been that this disease, compared with the occurrence of common acute cholecystitis, is rare. The clinical picture is discussed and emphasis is made concerning the roentgenographic diagnosis and surgical findings, such as obstruction of the cistic duct, which is probable the cause of the histopathologic changes found in the gall bladder. The negative results from the culture of material obtained from the gall bladder was probably due to antibiotic administration prior to surgery. A review of the recent literature and surgical treatment, after correction of metabolic and hydroelectrolito imbalances, is made.
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PMID:[Acute emphysematous cholecystitis. Report of 3 cases]. 61 38

Cholescintigraphy with N-substituted iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) labelled with technetium-99m is a new noninvasive technique for evaluation of the hepatobiliary system. The significance of nonvisualization of the gallbladder by this method in comparison with standard radiologic examinations was studied. In 43 healthy subjects the gallbladder was visualized by the two methods. By contrast, all 27 patients in whom the gallbladder was not visualized by cholescintigraphy had cholecystitis. When visualization failed to occur, a repeat cholescintigraphic study after an injection of cholecystokinin demonstrated the status of the cystic duct. Visualization excludes cystic duct obstruction and acute cholecystitis, whereas persistent nonvisualization indicates cystic duct obstruction.
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PMID:Nonvisualization of the gallbladder by 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy as evidence of cholecystitis. 63 Apr 97

The literature data on acute cholecystitis occuring as a complication after operations on the abdominal organs are analysed. The author presents 3 own observations of cholecystitis in early postoperative period among 28,556 laparotomies. Taking into consideration the rarity of this complication, the author believes that the arguments adduced for simultaneous preventive cholecystectomy in operations for other abdominal organs diseases are dubious, especially in emergent abdominal surgery.
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PMID:[Acute cholecystitis as a postoperative complication]. 63 84

Seven burned patients developed acute cholecystitis within 10-37 days of injury, associated with jaundice in 5. There were 6 males and 1 female, with 5 patients aged 28-40 years, the others being 56 and 69 years. Cholecystectomy was performed in all patients with 1 death. It is suggested that the cause of post-burn cholecystitis is traumatic and septic shock with consequent biliary stasis.
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PMID:Acute non-calculous cholecystitis in burns. 63 46

We reviewed our experience with intravenous cholangiography in the evaluation of 70 patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. Twenty-one of these patients had visualization of the biliary ducts without opacification of the gallbladder, a roentgenographic finding that was considered diagnostic of acute cholecystitis. Twenty of the 21 patients were noted to have acute cholecystitis during exploratory laparotomy. The remaining patient had a normal gallbladder, but was found to have a liver abscess. Opacification of the gallbladder with evidence of gallstones was found in eight patients; all had acute cholecystitis. Visualization of the gallbladder without gallstones was found in 22 patients, revealing no acute cholecystitis in this group. Many of these patients were admitted to the hospital with a primary diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and were spared an unnecessary surgical exploration. Nineteen patients had nonvisualization of the gallbladder and biliary ducts. This roentgenographic finding may be caused by acute intra-abdominal conditions other than cholecystitis and caution is warranted in its interpretation. This test has been found to be a reliable adjunct in the work-up of patients with suspected acute cholecystitis.
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PMID:Intravenous cholangiography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. 64 14

A case of acute postoperative cholecystitis following subtotal gastrectomy for carcinoma has been observed. The combination of temporary intraoperative shock and probably vagal denervation of the gallbladder initiated secondary acute cholecystitis. After an emergency type cholecystectomy the patient recovered.
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PMID:[Secondary acute cholecystitis (author's transl)]. 69 53

A retrospective review of 88 male patients older than 60 years of age with billiary tract disease showed a mortality of 6.8%. More than 40% of the patients (39 of 88) had acute cholecystitis. Medical therapy failed for almost all of the patients (38 of 39) with acute inflammatory disease and they then required an operation during their initial hospitalization. In this acute disease group, 21% had empyema of the gallbladder, 18% had gangrenous cholecystitis or free perforation of the gallbladder, and 15% had subphrenic or liver abscesses. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were obtained from 78% of the bile cultures, and obligate anaerobes were present in 25% of them. A delay in diagnosis and operation occurred in 33% of the patients with acute disease. Factors responsible for this delay included a deceptively benign clinical presentation and the requirement for prolonged resuscitation. Since response to conservative measures is unlikely in the elderly patient with acute cholecystitis, optimal management consists of resuscitation and prompt operation for control of infection.
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PMID:Acute cholecystitis in the elderly: a surgical emergency. 70 35

Cholescintigraphy was performed in 113 patients of whom 38 had normal gallbladders, 37 had acute cholecystitis and 38 had chronic cholecystitis. The radiopharmaceuticals used in the study were either 99mTc-dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid or 99mTc-paraisopropyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid, both of which performed equally well. All patients with non-visualized gallbladders had cholecystitis, but visualization did not exclude disease. The rapidity of obtaining the results (within one hour), the complete absence of untoward reactions to the radiopharmaceuticals, the much lower frequency of subtle or indeterminate results, the ability to render useful information in the presence of moderate jaundice and the lack of interference from overlying intestinal contents establishes these radionuclide agents as superior to both radiographic oral and intravenous cholangiography in the investigation of the acute abdomen.
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PMID:Assessment of the utility of gallbladder imaging with 99mTc-IDA. 72 28


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