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Query: UMLS:C0008325 (cholecystitis)
 3,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of their personal experience (43 observations) the authors are discussing problems of the preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis, immediate and remote results of the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the gallbladder. Early cholecystectomies in patients with "gallbladder block" and in patients with a long-standing acalculous cholecystitis are considered to be a prophylactic measure. The importance of oncological suspicion and dynamic dispensary observation of patients with chronic cholecystitis is emphasized.
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PMID:[Malignant tumors of the gallbladder]. 651 56

As demonstrate investigations of the human gallbladder neural elements, normal (15 persons), after cholecystectomy resulted from dyskinesia (9 cases), diseases of the gallbladder cervix (28 cases), chronic (263 cases) and acute (16 cases) cholecystitis, using Falk--Hillarp--Govyrin, Karnovsky--Roots, Bielshowsky--Gros methods and incubation in 2% glyoxylin acid solution, a rich adrenergic and cholinergic innervation has been demonstrated in the organ studied at the states mentioned and their connection with the pathomorphological changes in the gallbladder wall. The analysis of 2,428 cases of chronic and acute cholecystitis has been performed in order to compare the clinical signs with changes in the central nervous system and the neural elements of the gallbladders removed. The importance of the gallbladder neural elements in the development of dyskinesia, diseases of the gallbladder cervix and chronic cholecystitis is mentioned.
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PMID:[Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the normal human gallbladder and in various diseases]. 671 87

Eighteen cases of carcinoma in situ of the gallbladder collected over a 7-year period at the General Hospital of Mexico City are reported. All patients were females whose ages ranged from 26 to 83 years with a mean of 55. Their symptoms and signs were related to the presence of stones. Grossly, the in situ carcinomas could not be differentiated from chronic cholecystitis. In only one case was the diagnosis suspected on macroscopic examination. Thirteen lesions were located either in the fundus or body of the gallbladder. Histologically there were two types of in situ carcinoma--papillary (two cases) and nonpapillary (16 cases). Hyperplasia of the antral-type glands was associated with 12 cases and cholecystitis follicularis with four. The atypical changes began on the surface epithelium and extended into the epithelial invaginations and later into the antral-type glands. Four carcinomas in situ exhibited limited invasion into the underlying lamina propria or inner part of the muscle layer. In the 15 cases that were examined, immunoperoxidase stains revealed cytoplasmic staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). All patients we were able to follow (those who had only carcinoma in situ) are symptom-free after cholecystectomy. One of the four patients with microinvasion died 7 years after cholecystectomy with clinical evidence of liver metastasis.
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PMID:Carcinoma in situ of the gallbladder. A clinicopathologic study of 18 cases. 673 62

Prostaglandins (PGs) affect smooth-muscle contractility and are also involved in the inflammatory reaction. They may therefore affect gallbladder motility in cholecystitis. The contractile effects of PGs were recorded in organ baths on strips from 63 fresh, surgically removed human gallbladders. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions were reduced or abolished by indomethacin, which inhibits endogenous PG synthesis. In strips with chronic cholecystitis, concentration-dependent contractions were produced by PGF2, PGB2 and PGD2; the responses to PGE1 and PGE2 were sometimes variable but there were concentration-dependent contractions after treatment of the strips with indomethacin. The majority of strips with acute cholecystitis responded poorly to PGs even after pretreatment with indomethacin. We concluded from this preliminary study that PGs could affect gallbladder motility and that indomethacin probably reduces the endogenous production of PGs in the gallbladder.
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PMID:Effects of prostaglandins on motility of gallbladders removed from patients with gallstones. 673 80

The effects of histamine receptor stimulation on the motility of diseased human gallbladder and cystic duct were studied on tissue strips in vitro. Histamine produced concentration-dependent contractions in normal tissues and in tissues from each disease group, but the sensitivity of the strips to histamine as measured by the median effective dose was dependent upon the grade of disease: normal, 90.0 microM; mild chronic cholecystitis, 32.4 microM; advanced chronic cholecystitis, 12.5 microM; and acute cholecystitis, 3.0 microM. There were no differences in histamine sensitivity among different regions (body, neck, and cystic duct) of the biliary system. Studies with receptor-selective agonists and antagonists indicated that the contractile effects were mediated via histamine H1 receptors. Histamine H2 receptor agonists caused only small relaxant responses in about 30% of strips from gallbladder body, but were without effect in gallbladder neck and cystic duct. We conclude that the effects of histamine on the motility of diseased human gallbladder may depend upon the severity of the cholecystitis.
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PMID:Effects of histamine receptor stimulation on diseased gallbladder and cystic duct. 673 72

Biliary, hepatic, and pancreatic surgery at the Mayo Clinic during 1973 was retrospectively examined. A total of 1,137 operations were performed in the 12-month period, with an overall hospital mortality of 2.6%. The operative mortality for 586 elective cholecystectomies for chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis was 0.3%--for acute cholecystitis 1.5% and for elective common duct exploration 2.9%. The present review is compared with prior reports in which similar methodology permitted comparisons. Improvement in operative mortality was noted in surgery for cholecystitis and pancreatic and hepatic lesions. The figures drawn from this and previous reports represent more than 10,000 operations on the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas performed at the Mayo Clinic.
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PMID:Surgery of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. 676 36

Ten patients had severe intercurrent illness and the gallbladder could not be seen on a hepatobiliary scan. In 4, surgery and pathological examination showed that the gallbladder was normal; 1 had chronic cholecystitis and 5 had acute acalculous cholecystitis. This study indicates that a positive hepatobiliary scan may not be indicative of acute gallbladder disease in the seriously ill patient.
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PMID:Predictive value of an abnormal hepatobiliary scan in patients with severe intercurrent illness. 684 44

Angiographic studies were performed on 60 normal and diseased gallbladders obtained from cholecystectomy specimens and necropsy examinations. The normal macro and microangiographic pattern was confirmed, as was the reduction in the number of blood vessels in chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Histological correlation however showed that the degree of arteriographic change paralleled the degree of histological disease. The microvascular pattern was directly related to the degree of mucosal villous atrophy, a change which may be important in the pathogenesis of some types of gallbladder disease. The most severe angiographic changes occurred in the case of ischaemic cholecystitis, and contrasted with the normal blood vessel pattern in a case of thin walled infarction of the gallbladder.
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PMID:Angiographic findings in normal and diseased gallbladders including ischaemic cholecystitis and infarction of the gallbladder. 695 91

The following protocols should be observed in evaluating a patient with suspected cholecystitis: In evaluating chronic cholecystitis in patients on a diet containing fat, plain films of the abdomen and oral cholecystogram are the procedures of choice. If the gallbladder fails to fill after ingestion of 3 g iopanoic acid, the procedure is repeated with an additional 3 g the following day. Failure of the gallbladder to visualize after a two-day study, equivocal findings, or persistent symptoms despite a normal study should be followed by ultrasound and, if necessary, cholescintigraphy. The latter two studies should be done in a fasting state, and CCK used to demonstrate gallbladder contraction during both tests. In suspected acute cholecystitis, plain radiography, ultrasound, and Tc-99m-imino diacetic acid derivative scanning should be performed. Again CCK should be used during cholescintigraphy to verify nonvisualization and to stimulate gallbladder emptying.
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PMID:Preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder disease. 716 Jan 62

Destructive, inflammatory and sclerotic alterations of the hepatic tissue, increased content of lipid inclusions, lysosomes and microbodies in hepatocytes, vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and depletion of ribosomal granules in it were revealed by morphological examinations of liver samples from the gall bladder bed from patients will rarely, frequently and continuously recurring chronic cholecystitis. A relationship between resorption of lipid structures, content of lysosomes and microbodies, and glycogen accumulation in hepatic cells was found. The destructive morphological changes correlated with reduced capacity of the liver to absorb radioactive label, an increase of alanine transaminase level in the blood, and decreased oxidative processes in the mitochondrial fraction of the liver. The results of the study attest to the involvement of the liver in the pathological process in accord with the rate of cholecystitis recurrency.
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PMID:[Structural and functional changes in the liver in chronic recurrent cholecystitis]. 722 81


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