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Query: UMLS:C0008325 (cholecystitis)
 3,686 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

More than a century ago, Courvoisier published his observation on the significance of a palpable gallbladder in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. We have described two patients with newly described conditions--AIDS-associated cholangiopathy and diet-induced cholecystitis--who had a palpable gallbladder and have discussed possible pathogenetic mechanisms.
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PMID:Courvoisier's sign revisited: two patients with palpable gallbladder. 158 10

Ascarids in the biliary tract may cause cholecystitis, pancreatitis and obstruction of the common bile ducts. We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, radiographic findings and surgical treatment of 15 patients. Obstructive jaundice in eight patients (53.3%), acute cholecystitis in five patients (33.3%), and chronic calculous cholecystitis in two patients (13.3%) had been shown in our series. In four of the patients with obstructive jaundice signs of acute cholangitis were observed. Of 15 patients, two had hepatic abscess besides biliary ascariasis and one had hydatid cyst. In our series, all of the patients were operated on. Choledochotomy and primary closure were performed on six patients (40%), choledochoduodenostomy on six patients (40%), T-tube drainage on two patients (13.3%) and only cholecystectomy on one patient (6.6%). No mortality was determined in our patients.
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PMID:Biliary ascariasis in fifteen patients. 164 42

Analysis of the features of calculous cholecystitis in 522 females and 106 males showed that acute cholecystitis takes a course which is more severe and acute in males than in females. Its gangrenous forms were encountered more often in males, which was an indication for more frequent emergency operations. In males the process was complicated by obstructive jaundice more frequently. In females acute cholecystitis was attended more frequently by peritonitis and was often combined with pancreatitis. Chronic cholecystitis also had some distinguishing features. Chronic indurative pancreatitis and hydrops of the gallbladder were encountered more often in females. The mortality in the abnormality was higher among males.
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PMID:[Characteristics of manifestations of calculous cholecystitis in men]. 177 47

Emergency cases are an increasing part of the workload of a general surgical unit. Little accurate quantitative data is presently available on the nature and impact of this workload on a typical district general surgical service. This study reports the results of a prospective one year audit of the emergency cases dealt with by a typical Irish district general surgical service. The general surgical service admitted 2,278 patients acutely, which represented 58% of the total number of admissions to the service. Eighteen patients required immediate transfer for specialist neurosurgical (11), vascular (6) or plastics (1) treatment. Of those cases admitted 1,396 (61.3%) were males and 882 (38.7%) were females. There were 1,786 (78%) adults and 492 (21.6%) paediatric cases. Abdominal pain (48.0%), head injury (23.8%) and urological problems (11.0%) accounted for the majority of the caseload. Within the abdominal pain group, the pre-dominant diagnoses were non-specific abdominal pain (36.0%), appendicitis (19.5%), cholecystitis/obstructive jaundice (10.8%) and peptic ulcer disease (10.0%). There were 456 emergency operations performed, representing 19.5% of all the inpatient general surgical procedures. 328 (72%) of these were performed out of normal working hours. Only 12% of the procedures were major. The commonest operations were appendicectomy (51%), abscess drainage (13%), wound toilet (13%) and laparotomy (11%). The emergency peri-operative mortality was 1.1%. The positive appendicectomy rate was 92%.
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PMID:Surgical emergencies in Ireland. An audit of the emergency surgical caseload of an Irish district general hospital. 181 Aug 93

Twenty-five patients of obstructive jaundice due to choledocholithiasis, were prospectively evaluated by ultrasonography and cholangiography. Ultrasound could demonstrate choledocholithiasis in 10 patients (40%). Choledocholithiasis in non-dilated ducts could be demonstrated only in one patient. All cases were diagnosed by cholangiography. Ultrasound, though an accepted modality of choice for diagnosing cholelithiasis, has a limited role in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. Ultrasonography (USG) is the screening modality of choice to distinguish obstructive from non-obstructive jaundice. It is highly accurate in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis but its role in detection of choledocholithiasis is less clear. Choledocholithiasis complicates 10% of all cases of cholecystitis and occurs in 2-4% of postcholecystectomy patients. The present study deals with the diagnostic value of USG in cases of choledocholithiasis subjected to USG prior to cholangiography and surgery.
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PMID:Ultrasound in choledocholithiasis. 194 Apr 4

This study reviewed the findings from ultrasound reports and medical notes of 303 patients examined by ultrasound between January 1985 and December 1987. It established the accuracy with which ultrasound could diagnose the cause of obstructive jaundice at 49.5%. A correlation was discovered between the actual pathology causing the obstruction and biliary dilatation and the degree to which the common duct became dilated. Further research into this area using a greater number of statistics is required before this can be applied in a clinical situation, but generalisations were formulated and could be used as guidelines to suggest, rather than state, the possible cause of the common duct obstruction. The following mean diameters for seven pathologies were established: duodenal (8.4 mm); cholecystitis (8.7mm); cholecystectomy (9.5mm); lymph nodes (9.5mm); pancreatitis (9.8mm); duct stones (11.0 mm); and pancreatic carcinoma (14 mm).
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PMID:Biliary dilatation--the accuracy of ultrasound in determining the cause. 200 74

We describe a female infant with obstructive jaundice due to inflammatory stenosis of the choledochus. It was surrounded and narrowed by a xanthogranulomatous lesion, extending from xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC). The obstructive jaundice was released by a cholecystectomy, resection of the choledochus, and hepaticojejunostomy. This is the first reported case of infantile XGC associated with obstructive jaundice.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in an infant with obstructive jaundice. 212 91

Findings of dynamic cholangiomanometry with the analysis of the tension curves are overviewed. This technique helped reveal different functional ailments of the bile papilla in major variants of the cholelithiasis course (acute obstructive++ cholecystitis, recurrent pancreatitis, and choledocholythiasis with obstructive jaundice). Parallel radioimmunoassay-based studies of a series of gastrointestinal polypeptides (insulin, glucagon, gastrin, vasoactive peptide, bombesin , and somatostatin) were conducted to determine the importance of these polypeptides in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis complications. The levels of certain polypeptides were found to be related to the clinical manifestations of the disease. The complex assessment of the bile papilla function and gastrointestinal polypeptide concentrations offers a possibility for elaborating the pathogenetically relevant methods of therapy for this group of diseases.
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PMID:[Plasma levels of various gastrointestinal polypeptides in patients with cholelithiasis and different degree of functional disorders of the major duodenal papilla]. 227 84

On the grounds of literature data and their own experience, the authors came to the conclusion that clear-cut identification of the character of the pathological process is of principal importance in deciding on the time of operative intervention for acute cholecystitis. Patients with a pronounced clinical picture of acute cholecystitis and those with signs of peritonitis must be operated on as emergencies, "postponed" operations produce poor results. Indications for an emergency operation in patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by obstructive jaundice and other conditions must be considered individually. An emergency operation is carried out if there are signs of circumscribed peritonitis, in all other cases detoxication therapy is applied for 2-3 days and is followed by operation. Patients with exacerbation of chronic frequently recurring calculous cholecystitis should be operated on in a planned order.
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PMID:[Disputable problems of surgical tactics in acute cholecystitis]. 228 47

Operated on were 165 elderly and 68 young patients for calculous cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis and obstructive jaundice. Drainage through the cystic duct stump is the most effective method for external drainage of the common bile duct in operative interventions on the bile ducts in elderly patients, which permits to reduce considerably the incidence of postoperative complications.
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PMID:[External drainage of the bile ducts via the stump of the cystic duct to prevent postoperative complications in elderly patients]. 259 10


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