Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007570 (celiac disease)
 13,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) with reperfusion results in a severe form of circulatory shock. To study the possible involvement of adenosine in this shock state, we have examined the effects of adenosine, an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, and their combination in a rat model of SAO shock. Pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were subjected to a 90-min occlusion of both the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries followed by reperfusion. Rats given only the vehicle for adenosine (i.e., 0.9% NaCl) developed severe hypotension following reperfusion, and the survival rate was less than 30% 2 hr after reperfusion. Final plasma free amino-nitrogen concentrations, cathepsin D and myocardial depressant factor (MDF) activities were significantly elevated in rats receiving only the vehicle. Infusion of adenosine (i.e., 30 micrograms/kg/min, i.v.), starting 45 min postocclusion, did not significantly improve the survival rate but did attenuate the accumulation of MDF. Eighty percent (i.e., 4 of 5) rats given KF15372, an adenosine A1-antagonist, 45 min postocclusion (500 micrograms/kg), survived 2 hr. KF15372 also attenuated the increased plasma free amino-nitrogen and MDF. Seventy-five percent (i.e., 6 of 8) rats treated with KF15372 and adenosine survived 2 hr. This combined treatment significantly attenuated the increased plasma levels of free amino-nitrogen, cathepsin D, and MDF. These results suggest that endogenous adenosine plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of shock following SAO and reperfusion, and that blockade of the adenosine A1-receptor could be beneficial in shock states.
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PMID:Effects of adenosine, an adenosine-A1 antagonist, and their combination in splanchnic occlusion shock in rats. 158 7

We studied the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and their combination in cats subjected to splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) with reperfusion. Untreated anesthetized cats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric arteries for 120 min, followed by reperfusion, uniformly died within 120 min after reperfusion. The mean survival time was 75 +/- 8 min. Plasma amino-nitrogen concentrations and cathepsin D and myocardial depressant factor (MDF) activities were markedly elevated following reperfusion. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) rings isolated from cats subjected to SAO with reperfusion exhibited a significant loss of vasorelaxation to the endothelium-dependent dilators acetylcholine and A-23187. Administration of tPA (1 mg/kg) intravenously just before reperfusion did not prolong survival time (81 +/- 10 min) nor did it influence any biochemical or cardiovascular responses following reperfusion or ameliorate the depressed endothelium-dependent relaxation of SMA rings. In contrast, TGF-beta (50 micrograms/cat) ameliorated the SAO postreperfusion state in terms of survival rate and plasma MDF activity, and protected against depressed endothelium-dependent relaxation of SMA rings. TGF-beta alone slightly increased the survival time to 102 +/- 11 min. However, combined treatment with tPA (1 mg/kg) and TGF-beta (50 micrograms/cat) preserved endothelium-dependent relaxation and prevented increases in plasma amino-nitrogen more prominently than TGF-beta given alone and significantly increased the survival time to 118 +/- 3 min (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that TGF-beta exerts beneficial effects in SAO followed by reperfusion in cats, and tPA has an augmenting action on some of the beneficial effects of TGF-beta. These findings suggest that TGF-beta alone or in combination with tPA may be potentially useful therapeutic regimens in splanchnic ischemia shock by preserving splanchnic parenchymal and endothelial cells.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of transforming growth factor-beta and tissue plasminogen activator in splanchnic artery occlusion and reperfusion in cats. 171 97

Prostacyclin (PGI2) and taprostene (CG-4203) were studied in a highly lethal model of splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Total occlusion of the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries for 40 min resulted in a severe shock state often resulting in a fatal outcome within 2 h following release of the occlusion. PGI2 or taprostene was infused at a rate of 100 ng/kg/min commencing at occlusion of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. Taprostene significantly improved survival time and taprostene treated animals maintained post-reperfusion mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) at significantly higher values compared to rats receiving taprostene vehicle (final MABP 96 +/- 3 vs 45 +/- 3.5 mmHg, p less than 0.001, respectively). In addition, taprostene significantly (p less than 0.05) attenuated the rise in hematocrit in SAO shock and the activity of plasma cathepsin D (p less than 0.005 from SAO vehicle). Taprostene also tended to decrease the accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds, but not significantly. In contrast, PGI2 neither improved survival time and the maintenance of post-reperfusion MABP, nor attenuated the rise in hematocrit, the plasma accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds, or plasma cathepsin D activity. These findings suggest that taprostene may possess greater cytoprotective properties than PGI2.
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PMID:Effects of prostacyclin and taprostene in splanchnic artery occlusion shock. 205 56

Isocratic methods are described for the separation of purine compounds in specimens of jejunal mucosa available by peroral biopsy from patients with coeliac disease. The first mode provided separation of both the ionic nucleoside monophosphates and the non-ionic nitrogen bases and nucleosides. The second mode was applicable to analyses of the nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates only. These chromatographic procedures were carried out with tetrabutylammonium phosphate as an ion-pair modifier and different concentrations of acetonitrile in the mobile phase. The modes are flexible in that they permit the optimization of the separation of these compounds according to the purpose of the investigation. The results of studies on purine metabolite patterns in coeliac mucosa are discussed.
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PMID:Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography of purine compounds in the small intestinal mucosa of children with coeliac disease. 208 90

We studied the effects of nitric oxide (NO) solution and acidified sodium nitrite (NaNO2), which produces NO, in splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in cats. NO is thought to be endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a labile substance having several potentially valuable biological effects. Anesthetized cats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries for 120 min, followed by reperfusion, usually died approximately 60 min after reperfusion. NO infusion significantly improved survival time in SAO-shock cats compared with those receiving vehicle (P less than 0.005). Administration of NO also attenuated the increase in plasma activities of the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D (P less than 0.05), total amino-nitrogen (P less than 0.001), and of the cardiotoxic peptide, myocardial depressant factor (MDF) (P less than 0.001). SAO-shock cats treated with NaNO2 at pH 2.0 also exhibited lower plasma cathepsin D (P less than 0.001), amino-nitrogen (P less than 0.05), and MDF activities (P less than 0.01), and survival time was also significantly improved (P less than 0.02). The same dose of NaNO2 infused at pH 7.4 failed to exert any significant protective effect. These results indicate that NO exerts beneficial effects in SAO shock in cats and suggest that exogenously administered NO may be a potentially useful therapeutic agent in splanchnic ischemic shock, probably via a cytoprotective rather than a vasodilator effect.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of two forms of NO administration in feline splanchnic artery occlusion shock. 230 94

Diets enriched with omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids are associated with decreased hypercholesterolemia and decreased risk of ischemic and atherosclerotic diseases. We studied the acute intravascular effects of some of these unsaturated fatty acids (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) along with omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids, (i.e., linoleic and linolenic acid) in splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in rats. Anesthetized rats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion usually resulted in a fatal outcome 90-120 minutes after releasing the clamps. SAO shock rats treated with the omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid, EPA, exhibited an improved survival time and rate (p less than 0.05 from vehicle) compared to those receiving only vehicle (i.e., 50% ethanol). EPA and DHA treated SAO rats also exhibited lower plasma activities of the lysosomal protease, cathepsin D, free amino-nitrogen compounds, and the cardiotoxic peptide, myocardial depressant factor. These results indicate that omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA, have some acute beneficial effects in SAO shock in rats.
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PMID:Acute effects of unsaturated fatty acids in splanchnic artery occlusion shock. 255 Sep 71

We have used clamping of the aorta above the celiac axis (SC) in 30 of 431 elective resections of infrainguinal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) during the past five years as an alternative to a difficult aortic cuff dissection. The results of SC clamping in these 30 patients are compared with the results of 379 routine aneurysm resections with infrarenal (IR) clamping and 22 additional aneurysm resections where the clamp was placed immediately above the renal arteries. These difficult cuff dissections occurred in 12 patients with inflammatory AAA, in 11 patients with juxtarenal AAA, and in seven patients with recurrent or noninfected false AAA of the proximal cuff. Patients with ruptured or suprarenal aneurysms and those undergoing combined operation for a visceral ischemic syndrome and an aneurysm were excluded from this study. Patients with SC clamping had similar operative mortality rates, comparable renal function, and frequency of cardiac events as patients with IR clamping. Blood loss was slightly higher in the SC group (p = 0.07) and serum aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels were three times higher than in the IR group; however, this was of no clinical significance. In contrast, those 22 patients whose aortas were clamped immediately above the renal arteries (AR) had higher perioperative mortality rates (2% IR, 3% SC vs 32% AR) and a higher incidence of kidney failure requiring dialysis (1% IR, 3% SC vs 23% AR). The mean values of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were also significantly higher in the AR group when compared with both the IR and the SC groups (IR: 25 and 1.5 mg/dl, respectively; SC: 27 and 1.8 mg/dl; AR: 41 and 3.5 mg/dl). The single most important risk factor accounting for the differences between clamping above the celiac artery and clamping above the renal arteries was the presence of atherosclerotic debris in the nonaneurysmal, juxtarenal aortic segment. Clamping the aorta with juxtarenal atherosclerosis caused either atheroembolization to kidneys, legs, and intestine or injury to the aorta, renal arteries, or both; it was the cause of morbidity in all five cases of kidney failure requiring dialysis and accounted for all seven of the deaths in the AR group. SC clamping does not add risk to the patient undergoing resection of an infrarenal AAA and is the preferred method of achieving proximal control of the infrarenal aorta when a a hazardous cuff dissection is likely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Results of supraceliac aortic clamping in the difficult elective resection of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. 291 Nov 32

Malnutrition is a common finding in Pakistan especially in children of low socio-economic class. Impairment of digestion and absorption makes the diet inefficient at fulfilling the requirements of the child and leads to malnutrition. Earlier work from this laboratory has shown that feeding a high-protein diet to children suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) did not improve their condition. In the present study forty-two malnourished children and seventeen control subjects were investigated. They were divided into five groups, i.e. fibrocystic disease of the pancreas (n = 9), coeliac disease (n = 17), lactose intolerance (n = 5), PEM (n = 5) and nonspecific diarrhoea (n = 6) on the basis of history, clinical impression and biochemical findings. They were from 6 months to 12 years of age. The majority of them were suffering from diarrhoea, distension of the abdomen and retardation of growth. All children were physically examined and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Changes in hair in the form of sparseness, dyspigmentation and easy pluckability were observed in all groups. In PEM, 80% of the cases had enlarged livers. All children had reduced weight and height as compared with the control group. Haemoglobin, total protein and serum albumin showed a decrease and the fall was greatest in PEM cases as compared with the control group. The excretion of alpha-amino nitrogen increased in PEM children while hydroxyproline and creatinine levels showed a decrease as compared with the control group. The hydroxyproline index, which signifies the growth rate, was also significantly lower in all groups. Xylose and lactose tolerance tests were performed after an oral dose of xylose or lactose respectively. The xylose concentration after the test dose was reduced with the lowest values in the coeliac disease group as compared with the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies on malabsorption in malnourished Pakistani children. 314 28

Defibrotide stimulates PGI2 production and exerts significant antithrombotic, fibrinolytic and plasminogen-activating activities. We studied its effects in splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in rats. Anesthetized rats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries for 40 minutes developed a severe shock state following reperfusion usually resulting in death 90-120 minutes after releasing the clamps. Defibrotide 910 mg/kg +25 mg/kg/h) treated SAO shock rats maintained higher post-reperfusion mean arterial blood pressure compared to those receiving only the vehicle (0.9% NaCl). SAO shock rats treated with defibrotide exhibited lower plasma activities of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (p less than 0.05 from vehicle) and myocardial depressant factor (p less than 0.02 from vehicle) as well as the plasma accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds (p less than 0.05 from vehicle). All SAO shock rats treated with defibrotide survived the entire 120 post-release period compared with only a 42% survival rate for rats receiving only the vehicle (p less than 0.02). These results suggest a remarkable protective effect of defibrotide in SAO shock.
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PMID:Beneficial mechanisms of action of a prostacyclin enhancing agent in splanchnic artery occlusion shock. 317 28

We studied the effects of human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) in splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. Pentobarbital anesthetized rats subjected to total occlusion of the superior mesenteric and the celiac arteries for 40 min developed a severe shock state usually resulting in a fatal outcome within 20 min after the release of the occlusion. h-SOD (10 mg/kg) was infused intravenously starting at reperfusion and lasting for 10 min. SAO shock rats treated with h-SOD maintained postreperfusion MABP at significantly higher values compared to rats receiving the vehicle (final MABP 84 +/- 6 vs 46 +/- 1 mm Hg, P less than 0.01, respectively). Treatment with h-SOD attenuated the plasma accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds (P less than 0.01 from vehicle) as well as the activity of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (P less than 0.05 from vehicle). Furthermore, the plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor was significantly lower in h-SOD-treated rats than in SAO rats receiving only the vehicle (27 +/- 1 vs 64 +/- 3 U/ml, P less than 0.01). SAO shock rats treated with h-SOD also exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than the SAO shock +/- vehicle group (88% vs 11%, P less than 0.01, respectively). These results support the role of oxygen-derived radicals in the pathophysiology of SAO shock, and indicate that h-SOD effectively ameliorates the deleterious effects of oxygen radicals in this severe model of ischemia and reperfusion.
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PMID:Anti-shock effects of human superoxide dismutase in splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. 339 43


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