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Query: UMLS:C0007222 (cardiovascular disease)
 65,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To confirm the reported association of body fat distribution with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, blood pressure and serum cholesterol, data from the 1960-62 Health Examination Survey were analyzed. In this sample drawn from the noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 18-79, mean values of two indices of upper versus lower body fat distribution increased steadily with age. Men had higher values than women, and black women had higher values than white women. Higher values of the indices were significantly associated with higher blood pressure, post-load serum glucose and greater prevalence of definite hypertension and definite hypertensive heart disease independent of multiple confounders. Associations with higher serum cholesterol and definite coronary heart disease prevalence were independent of overall ponderosity but not of age and multiple other confounders. Greater abdominal relative to lower body fat deposits were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men and women, blacks and whites.
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PMID:The association of body fat distribution with hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in men and women aged 18-79 years. 349 34

Longitudinal study of 16,936 Harvard alumni, followed for life-style experiences as related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and longevity, identified 572 first coronary heart disease (CHD) attacks, 1962-1972, and 1,413 all-cause deaths, 1962-1978. Men expending 8.4+ MJ (2,000+ kcal) per week in walking, stair-climbing, and sports play were at 39% lower risk of developing CHD than less active classmates. Attributable risk estimates suggested: there might have been 16% fewer CVD deaths in the alumni population if every man had exercised 8.4+ MJ per week; 25% fewer from total cigarette abstinence; 9% fewer from abolition of hypertension; 6% fewer with less obesity; and 11% fewer CVD deaths in the absence of parental CHD. Discounting the influence of blood pressure status, cigarette habit, net weight gain since college, and parental history of early death, the more active alumni (39% of the population) are estimated to have lived on average one and one-quarter years longer than less active men.
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PMID:Physical activity, other life-style patterns, cardiovascular disease and longevity. 353 17

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include atherogenic personal attributes, living habits that promote them, signs of preclinical disease and host susceptibility. Atherogenic traits include the blood lipids, blood pressure and glucose tolerance. An increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol level is positively related, and an increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol level is inversely related, to cardiovascular disease incidence. Hypertension, whether systolic or diastolic, labile or fixed, casual or basal, at any age in either sex contributes greatly. The impact of diabetes is greater for women than men and varies depending on the level of the foregoing risk factors. An atherogenic lifestyle is typified by a diet excessive in calories, fat and salt, sedentary habits, unrestrained weight gain and smoking. Alcohol used in moderation may be beneficial. Oral contraceptives worsen atherogenic traits and, when used for long periods beyond age 35 and in conjunction with cigarettes, predispose to thromboembolism. Type A persons with an overdeveloped sense of time urgency, drive and competitiveness develop an excess of angina pectoris. Men married to more highly educated women are at increased risk as are men married to women in white collar jobs. Preclinical signs of compromised coronary circulation include silent myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram, blocked intraventricular conduction and repolarization abnormalities. An electrocardiogram obtained during exercise may elicit still earlier evidence. Measures of innate susceptibility include a family history, history of premature cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and gout. Optimal prediction of risk requires a quantitative combination of risk factors in multiple logistic risk formulations to identify high risk persons with multiple marginal abnormalities.
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PMID:Status of risk factors and their consideration in antihypertensive therapy. 354 87

Since 1965, the Honolulu Heart Program has followed 8006 men of Japanese ancestry, aged 45-70 yr at study entry, for the development of cardiovascular disease. To investigate the role of glucose concentration 1 h after a 50-g challenge on the risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), 6394 nondiabetic men were followed for 12 yr for the first development of CHD. The rate of fatal CHD increased linearly with amount of glucose. Men in the fourth quintile of postchallenge glucose (157-189 mg/dl) had twice the age-adjusted risk of fatal CHD of those in the lowest quintile (P less than .05). Relative risk increased to threefold among those in the top quintile and remained statistically significant after adjustment for other risk factors including body mass, total cholesterol, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and hematocrit (P less than .001). When glucose was considered as a linear term in the proportional hazards model, a highly significant relation was noted with fatal CHD alone and when combined with nonfatal MI (P less than .001). We conclude that a continuously increasing risk gradient exists between postchallenge glucose and subsequent CHD that is independent of other known risk factors.
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PMID:Postchallenge glucose concentration and coronary heart disease in men of Japanese ancestry. Honolulu Heart Program. 356 69

Total mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity during 10 years of follow-up in relation to systolic blood pressure (SBP) at entry were compared between a random sample of 7455 men, aged 47-54 years at entry, in whom multifactorial risk-factor intervention including intense efforts to detect and treat hypertension had been performed [the Primary Prevention Trial (PPT)], and a similar population (from an observational study) in which intervention, on CVD risk factors was kept to a minimum (the Study of Men Born in 1913). Total mortality, CVD mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke incidence increased with SBP in both populations, but levelled off above the cut-off point for antihypertensive treatment in the population subjected to multifactorial CVD risk factor intervention. In this population total mortality was reduced by 30%, CVD mortality by 37%, CHD morbidity by 13% and stroke morbidity by 30% above the cut-off point for blood pressure intervention compared with the incidence predicted from the observational study. These findings indicate that multifactorial intervention, and especially antihypertensive treatment, have preventive effects in the hypertensive part of the middle-aged male population.
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PMID:Mortality and morbidity in relation to systolic blood pressure in two populations with different management of hypertension: The Study of Men Born in 1913 and the Multifactorial Primary Prevention Trial. 358 64

Contributors to CHD include atherogenic personal attributes, living habits which promote these, signs of preclinical disease, and host susceptibility to these influences. Atherogenic traits include the blood lipids, blood pressure, and glucose tolerance. High LDL cholesterol is positively and high HDL cholesterol inversely related to CHD incidence. Hypertension, whether systolic or diastolic, labile or fixed, casual or basal, at any age in either sex contributes powerfully to coronary heart disease. The impact of diabetes on CHD is greater for women than for men and varies according to the level of the foregoing risk factors. The faulty life-style is typified by a diet excessive in calories, fat, and salt, a sedentary habit, unrestrained weight gain, and cigarettes. Alcohol used in moderation may be beneficial. Oral contraceptives worsen atherogenic traits and, when used for long periods beyond age 35 in conjunction with cigarettes, predispose to thromboembolism. Type A persons with an overdeveloped sense of time urgency, drive, and competitiveness develop an excess of angina pectoris. Men married to more highly educated women are at increased risk, as are men married to women in white-collar jobs. Preclinical signs of a compromised coronary circulation include silent MI, ECG-LVH, blocked intraventricular conduction, and repolarization abnormalities. Exercise ECG may elicit still earlier evidence. Measures of innate susceptibility include a family history of premature cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and gout. Optimal prediction of CHD requires a quantitative combination of risk factors in multiple logistic risk formulations that identify high-risk persons with multiple marginal abnormalities. Preventive management should also be multifactorial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Psychosocial and other features of coronary heart disease: insights from the Framingham Study. 377 1

There is evidence that low to moderate levels of physical activity can reduce risk of cardiovascular disease, even though they do not produce substantial changes in cardiorespiratory function. In this study of a representative population sample of 5,930 adult men and women, participants in moderate-intensity activities, such as walking and climbing stairs, were compared with nonparticipants. Men and women who reported more moderate activities were less overweight than sedentary peers. Moderate activity was associated with more risk factor benefits in men than in women. The apparent health benefits of moderate-intensity physical activity have implications for public health education.
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PMID:Moderate-intensity physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: the Stanford Five-City Project. 379 88

This study describes the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia among 2,036 volunteers in the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal study of human aging situated in Boston. Men were followed from enrollment in the study (between 1961 and 1970) until their last examination prior to May 15, 1982. Two indications of benign prostatic hyperplasia were considered: 1) a clinical diagnosis made at a uniform physical examination, and 2) surgical treatment. Incidence rates for both a clinical diagnosis and surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia increased through the eighth decade. Life table analysis estimated the lifetime probability of surgical treatment to be 0.29. Known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes as well as marital and socioeconomic status, religion, cigarette smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption were evaluated as risk factors. Controlling for age in proportional hazards models, statistically significant predictors of surgery were prior clinical diagnosis, lower socioeconomic status, Jewish religion, and not currently smoking cigarettes; whereas only body mass index was a significant predictor of a clinical diagnosis. Although a prior clinical diagnosis was an important predictor of surgery (adjusted odds ratio 3.52, 95% confidence interval = 1.93-6.42), this diagnosis is neither sensitive nor specific in its association with surgery.
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PMID:The development of benign prostatic hyperplasia among volunteers in the Normative Aging Study. 396 94

16 202 men, aged 40-49 years, were screened for coronary risk factors, Of these, 1232 healthy, normotensive men at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) were selected for a 5-year randomised trial to show whether lowering of serum lipids and cessation of smoking could reduce the incidence of CHD. Men were admitted to the trial if they had serum cholesterol levels of 7.5-9.8 mmol/l (290-380) mg/dl), coronary risk scores (based on cholesterol levels, smoking habits, and blood pressure) in the upper quartile of the distribution, and systolic blood pressures below 150 mm Hg (mean of two measurements). The men in the intervention group were recommended to lower their blood lipids by change of diet and to stop smoking. Mean serum cholesterol concentrations were approximately 13% lower in the intervention group than in the control group during the trial (based on the difference between the mean of 3 prerandomisation values and the mean of yearly values during the trial). Mean fasting serum triglycerides fell by 20% in the intervention group compared with controls. 80% of the men in both groups smoked tobacco daily at the start of the study. The mean tobacco consumption per man decreased by 45% more in the intervention group than in the control group. However, only 25% of the smokers in the intervention group completely stopped smoking compared with 17% in the control group. Diagnosis of events of cardiovascular disease during the study was made blindly according to predefined criteria by two cardiologists not involved in the study. At the end of the observation period the incidence of myocardial infarction (fatal and non-fatal) and sudden death was 47% lower in the intervention group than in the controls (p = 0.028, two-tailed log rank test). When the incidence of strokes was added, the difference between the groups was still significant. It is concluded that in healthy middle-aged men at high risk of CHD advice to change eating habits and to stop smoking significantly reduced the incidence of the first event of myocardial infarction and sudden death. Statistical analysis, by Cox's proportional hazards model shows that the reduction in incidence in the intervention group is correlated with the reduction in total cholesterol and to a lesser extent with smoking reduction.
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PMID:Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease. Report from the Oslo Study Group of a randomised trial in healthy men. 611 15

As part of the Swiss National Research Program for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, body weight and length of the participants were recorded and eating habits were assessed by the 24-h-recall method and dietary history. The body mass index was found to increase with age, pointing to excessive energy intake. The lower the socioeconomic group, the higher the index. Men eat more meat and meat products but less fruit than women, and drink more alcohol. In the French-speaking part of Switzerland, significantly more cheese and more alcohol, but less meat, brown bread and milk are consumed than in the German-speaking part. The consumption of edible fats and fat-containing food differs as between the two parts of the country. In certain age groups, a low positive correlation is observed between total plasma cholesterol and fat ingestion, and a low inverse correlation between total cholesterol and milk consumption and frequency of meals.
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PMID:[Nutrition behavior, eating habits and mass index of 4 Swiss cities]. 694 71


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