Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007222 (cardiovascular disease)
 65,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All records of patients who died of mesothelioma in the Province of Quebec during the period 1969-1972 were collected and reviewed. Asbestos exposure in this group was compared with that in two control groups, one of persons dying of accidental causes and the other of those dying of cardiovascular disease. The mortality rate for mesothelioma was estimated at between 2.3 and 2.8 per million per year. Men were affected twice as frequently as women, this difference being related exclusively to pleural mesothelioma. The incidence in urban regions was much higher than in rural areas, and areas involved in mining showed an incidence in the expected range. Thirty-four percent of the patients with mesothelioma and only 2% of controls had histories of direct exposure to asbestos. This exposure was related to asbestos processing and not its production. No woman gave a history of occupational exposure to asbestos. It appeared that chrysotile may be less related to the production of mesothelioma than other types of asbestos fibers.
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PMID:Mesothelioma and asbestos in the Province of Quebec, 1969-1972. 62 92

Serum lipoprotein (LP) concentrations were determined and LP patterns were classified in 261 middle-aged men, recruited from a health examination survey, with serum lipid values above the 80th percentile of the same population. Individuals with hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) and normolipidaemic controls were characterized also regarding family history of cardiovascular disease, socio-economic factors and clinical and laboratory variables. Subjects with HLP type IV-V and IIB were overweight and showed hyperuricaemia and hyperinsulinaemia compared with normolipidaemic controls and subjects with HLP type IIA. The latter showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In spite of being overweight, subjects with HLP type III showed normal fasting values of insulin and uric acid in serum and normal early insulin response to intravenous glucose. The glucose tolerance did not differ significantly between the groups. Men with HLP types IV-V had predominantly sedentary occupations, in contrast to those with type IIA. There were significantly more smokers in the groups with HLP type IIB and IV-V than in the control group. Thus, individuals with different types of HLP tend to show different metabolic profiles but also different socioeconomic and clinical patterns, suggesting that exogenous factors are of importance in the expression of the LP abnormalities.
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PMID:Detection and characterization of hyperlipoproteinaemia in middle-aged men. 101 65

The association between urinary albumin:creatinine ratio and other cardiovascular risk factors such as age, blood pressure, obesity, glycemic indices, insulin and lipid profile was examined in a population in a Chinese community consisting of 795 men (mean age 35.8 +/- 8.8 yr) and 538 women (mean age 37.9 +/- 8.9 yr) with a normal glucose tolerance defined by WHO criteria. Men with a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio above the 90th percentile had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h glucose after a 75 g oral glucose load, and fasting serum insulin. Women with high urinary albumin:creatinine values had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fasting insulin and triglycerides. Multivariate analysis showed that only systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose in men, and diastolic blood pressure and fasting insulin in women, independently contributed to urinary albumin:creatinine. When the effect of blood pressure was eliminated by excluding subjects with systolic blood pressure > 140 and diastolic > 90 mm Hg, only fasting insulin was associated with urinary albumin:creatinine in women. No associations were found for men. We conclude that microalbuminuria may be a marker for cardiovascular disease only because of its association with blood pressure in men, while in women, there is an additional independent association with fasting serum insulin.
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PMID:Microalbuminuria and other cardiovascular risk factors in nondiabetic subjects. 146 18

The purpose of this study was to determine if the major risk factors for clinical myocardial infarction also predicted coronary artery stenosis as defined by arteriography. Of a cohort of 7,591 men who were free of cardiovascular disease at entry, 357 had arteriographic studies during a 20-year follow-up period. Risk factor levels were therefore known prior to the onset of clinical symptoms and arteriographic studies. Men with arteriograms were divided into groups with and without prior clinical myocardial infarction. High blood pressure, serum cholesterol, obesity, and low alcohol intake predicted both severe coronary stenosis and incident myocardial infarction, thus indicating that these variables were associated with clinical events through the underlying process of atherosclerosis. Dietary intake of cholesterol and serum glucose also had similar but not always statistically significant patterns of association with both coronary stenosis and myocardial infarction. In contrast, serum triglyceride and cigarette smoking predicted clinical myocardial infarction, but not severe coronary stenosis. This suggests that these variables play a stronger role in the precipitation of acute clinical events than in the underlying process of atherosclerosis. The findings were quite different for several risk factors when analyzed in a case-control format using the arteriography series from this same data set. Examination of possible explanations for the differences raises questions concerning the use of arteriography series for etiologic studies of coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Predictors of arteriographically defined coronary stenosis in the Honolulu Heart Program. Comparisons of cohort and arteriography series analyses. 186 96

There seems to be a cluster of potentially atherogenic and diabetogenic abnormalities in subjects with central adiposity (high waist to hip ratio) and insulin resistance. To test whether reversing insulin resistance could lead to decreased vascular and diabetic risks, a trial using a drug to complement life-style modification measures is necessary. BIGPRO trial proposes to examine the efficacy of metformin, along with diet and exercise advice, in reducing over one year the metabolic abnormalities encountered in non-diabetic subjects with central adiposity. BIGPRO is designed as a randomized double blind one-year trial of metformin (2 tabs/d, i.e. 1,700 mg/d) versus matching placebo (2 tabs/d). Men aged 40-55 years, with a waist to hip ratio greater than or equal to 0.95 and women aged 45-65 years with a waist to hip ratio greater than or equal to 0.80, are eligible to enter the trial, unless they have diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, serious illness, or are receiving extensive medical treatment. Between the two treatment groups the changes in the following endpoints will be compared after one year study: waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, fibrinolytic activity. At least 400 subjects are expected to complete the trial. The recruitment and follow-up will be distributed among 33 medical centers from various University Hospitals in France. If metformin proves to be effective in reducing the metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance, it may be a possible candidate for a long term trial for primary prevention of cardiovascular accidents and diabetes.
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PMID:BIGPRO (biguanides and the prevention of the risk of obesity): study design. A randomized trial of metformin versus placebo in the correction of the metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance. 193 85

The results concerning exercise habits from four Danish health investigations among school pupils in the sixth and eight forms in the Municipality of Frederiksberg, adults aged 20-65 years in the County of Vejle and in Glostrup and the surrounding district and persons aged 70-75 years in the County of Roskilde, respectively, are compared. 70-80% of the Danish population take part in sports in their leisure time. Men of all ages take part in more strenuous exercise than women. The physically most active are those who have the best education and who live in their own houses. In the course of the nineteen eighties, the population has become more aware of the significance of exercise for cardiovascular disease. Similarly, during the same period, the proportion who take part in exercise has apparently increased by approximately 15%. The attitude that exercise is of significance for cardiovascular disease was connected with personal participation in sport. The knowledge that too little exercise constituted a risk factor for cardiovascular disease was increasingly realised although the connection was not definite. The social differences in exercise habits may be an explanation of the corresponding differences which have been observed in several western countries during the past decades in the mortality from cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[Danish exercise habits in the 1980's. Attitude and behavior in relation to prevention of cardiovascular disease]. 204 42

During autumn 1989, 1,330 men and 1,561 women aged 20-65 years residing in Vejle replied to a questionnaire about dietary habits and knowledge concerning prevention of cardio-vascular disease. The majority ate fresh fruit and potatoes and drank coffee daily. More than one third ate vegetables daily and also whole-fat cheese. Over one quarter drank whole milk while less than 10% ate fish or fish spreads, eggs, cakes and sweets. Men ate potatoes and drank whole milk more frequently than women who ate fruit and vegetables more frequently. 75% and 81% stated that they avoided or included several foodstuffs for the sake of their health. The foodstuffs which were most frequently avoided were fat meat while wholemeal bread or vegetables and fruit were the foodstuffs which the majority included. 17% of the men and 29% of the women consumed more than three foodstuffs which were good for the heart daily. In particular, married persons, persons from the higher social classes and non-smokers had dietary habits beneficial to the heart. More than 90% knew that it was of significance in the avoidance of cardiovascular disease to eat less butter and fat and more vegetables and fish. The results show that the population in the County of Vejle are aware of the significance of diet for the risk of cardiovascular disease. A great proportion of the population, therefore, attempt to alter their diets in a healthier direction. A number still exist who have unsuitable diets as regards prevention of cardiovascular disease. In the County of Vejle, continued efforts will be made in the campaign against cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[Food habits and knowledge among adults in the county of Vejle in relation to prevention of cardiovascular disease]. 204 43

We investigated the association of elevated serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, smoking and hypertension with different manifestations of carotid atherosclerosis in a population-based sample of 720 Eastern Finnish men aged 42, 48, 54 or 60 years, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Men who had neither a history nor symptoms of cardiovascular disease with serum LDL cholesterol concentration in the highest tertile (4.17 mM or more) had 3.40-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98-5.84) age-, smoking- and hypertension-adjusted probability of intimal-medial thickening as compared to men in the lowest serum LDL cholesterol tertile. The odds ratio for carotid plaque versus intimal-medial thickening was only 1.03 (95% CI 0.47-2.28). The respective odds ratios for smoking (28 pack-years or more) were 1.62 (95% CI 0.79-3.32) and 3.02 (95% CI 1.41-6.47) and those for hypertension were 1.10 (95% CI 0.70-1.73) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.53-1.84). Our findings suggest that elevated serum LDL cholesterol concentration associates with an increased risk of common carotid arterial wall thickening, whereas smoking is associated more strongly with carotid plaques than intimal-medial thickening. Our cross-sectional data do not support association between hypertension and either manifestation of carotid atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Association of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking and hypertension with different manifestations of atherosclerosis. 208 21

We studied the correlation between the complications after pulmonary resection and the results of exercise testing and others. The exercise testing was performed preoperatively on 64 patients; 44 lobectomies, 6 bilobectomies and 14 pneumonectomies. The results which had the correlation with postoperative complications were RV/BSA (p less than 0.001), RV/TLC (p less than 0.005), VE/VCO2 (p less than 0.001) and VO2/VE (p less than 0.001). Men had more complications than women (p less than 0.001). And the patients with the past histories concerning cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease and/or diabetes had more chances of complications than the patients without those histories (p less than 0.05). Judging from these results we concluded that the patients with one or more of the following results had more chances of postoperative complications. 1. maximum VO2/VE was less than 40 ml/l. 2. VE/VCO2 was more than 4.0 l/ml. 3. RV/BSA was more than 1.5 l/m2. 4. RV/TLC was more than 45%.
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PMID:[Respiratory function on exercise as a predictor of complications after lung resection]. 221 34

Little is known about the relationship between blood pressure and endogenous sex steroid hormones in patients with essential hypertension. Studies in hypertensive men have described decreased androgens. Men with cardiovascular disease may have estrogen levels which are increased or similar to healthy controls. We measured selected sex steroid hormones in 24 medication-free patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90 mmHg) and 24 normotensive subjects. The groups were equally divided by race, gender, age and weight. Hypertensive men had lower levels of both free and total testosterone and androstenedione than controls. The converse was true for hypertensive women. Androgen levels were similar in blacks and whites regardless of gender or blood pressure. Estradiol levels were higher in hypertensive men and women than controls and in blacks than whites. Levels of luteinizing hormone and sex hormone binding globulin were similar in all subjects. The clinical and pathophysiological significance of our findings merits further investigation.
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PMID:Sex steroid hormones are altered in essential hypertension. 252 21


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