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Query: UMLS:C0007222 (cardiovascular disease)
 65,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of daily oral cyclical estrogen therapy on the plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women was determined. Included were 39 women with distressing postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms. Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) .05 mg was given to 20 women and estradiol valerinate (EV) to 19 others. The drugs were given as tablets once daily for 3-week cycles with 1-week intervals. After overnight fasts, blood samples were taken before and during treatment at 1, 3, and 6 months. During EV therapy, the HDL-TC and the HDL-phosphlipid concentrations increased 10-15% after 6 cycles. The net effect on the risk of development of ischemic cardiovascular disease due to the change in plasma lipids induced by EE2 is uncertain. The plasma lipid changes during EV therapy might possibly retard the development of atherosclerosis. However, the lipid metabolism of postmenopausal women may be different from that of fertile women.
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PMID:Metabolic and hormonal effects of post-menopausal oestrogen replacement treatment. II. Plasma lipids. 20 45

1) HDL levels are low in hemodialysis patients. 2) Lipid abnormalities do not correlate with the presence of CVD in hemodialysis patients. 3) Smoking may not effect blood lipid levels in hemodialysis patients. 4) Nandrolone decanoate may not play a role in CVD in hemodialysis patients. 5) Longer time on hemodialysis does not result in a decrease in triglyceride or increase in HDL levels.
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PMID:High density lipoproteins--correlation with cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. 21 68

Epidemiological studies on the relationship of obesity, morbidity and mortality revealed the following results: In life insurance studies, excess mortality of obese people was found with more than 30 percent overweight. Mortality was caused by cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Obesity at issue of the policy in younger age was a greater risk than in the older age group. In prospective studies with long follow-up periods (greater than 16 years) it could be shown that obesity alone was a risk factor for coronary heart disease, the risk being greatest for men and middle aged women. However, the prevalence of accepted risk factors in an obese population is so high that the question whether obesity alone is a risk factor for coronary heart disease is of little interest. The correlations between obesity and risk factors were of minor magnitude; therefore other factors, such as age or HDL-cholesterol, should be considered in the elucidation of the relationship between obesity and coronary heart disease. HDL-cholesterol appears to be a powerful independent protective factor which is diminished in obesity. Despite the fact that studies proving a prolongation of life by treating obesity are not available, the treatment of obesity may be beneficial for the patient by diminishing risk factors.
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PMID:[Obesity and cardiovascular risk]. 64 7

Cholesterol and triglyceride measurements in lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL) separated by preparative ultracentrifugation showed that women aged 20 to 29 using oral hormonal contraceptives had increased LDL triglycerides without significant changes in serum lipids. Among older women (aged 30 to 39), changes induced by hormonal contraception were more pronounced. Triglycerides were increased in VLDL and LDL, with a significant rise in serum triglycerides. The LDL cholesterol was elevated without significant changes in serum cholesterol. None of the women had overt hyperlipoproteinemia. Routine serum cholesterol and triglyceride measurements may not reveal the changes in cholesterol and triglyceride lipoprotein content which may play a role in the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease among women using the "pill".
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PMID:[Influence of hormonal contraception on serum lipoproteins]. 73 26

The role of triglycerides in cardiovascular disease is a controversial subject. Despite differences of opinion, present data allow a certain number of conclusions to be drawn. Hyperchylomicronemia is not associated with atherosclerosis, whereas type III hyperlipidemia is very atherogenic. These two abnormalities are, however, rare, and the majority of hypertriglyceridemias are, in practice, associated with increased very low density lipoproteins. Many epidemiological trials do not identify hypertriglyceridemia as an independent risk factor when the cholesterol and, in particular, the HDL cholesterol levels, are taken into consideration. Nevertheless, these results must be interpreted with caution as hypertriglyceridemia represents a very heterogeneous entity which is closely related to many factors which affect coronary risk (hypertension, insulin resistance, sedentarity, and even tobacco consumption). Therefore, hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-emia may be the result of the same primary abnormality; as the HDL-cholesterol level is more stable, it is the parameter which will be identified as a protective factor in epidemiological trials. The available data is insufficient to affirm that therapeutic lowering of triglycerides is accompanied by a reduced coronary risk because none of the large scale trials were designed to analyse this problem. Despite these epidemiological data, the measurement of serum triglyceride levels remains important in patients with hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:[Role of triglycerides in cardiovascular diseases]. 129 43

There have been few studies designed to evaluate the problem of hypercholesterolaemia in women despite the fact that, like men, cardiovascular disease is their main cause of death. Serum cholesterol is a risk factor in women, but the increased risk appears at much higher values of serum cholesterol than observed in men. In women, low HDL-cholesterol seems to be the best predictive factor for the occurrence of a coronary event, especially if the triglycerides are raised. The absence of therapeutic data on the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in women underlines the need for a specific trial to assess the effects of lipid-lowering drugs in this population. The cardiovascular benefits of hormone substitute therapy at the menopause have been reported in several studies and a large scale randomised trial is under way to confirm these results. The benefit of hypercholesterolaemic therapy in women with mild hypercholesterolaemia has not been proved. When the serum cholesterol level is over 3 g/l (7.77 mmol/l), early treatment is advisable.
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PMID:[Should hypercholesterolemic women be treated?]. 129 48

An increased incidence of hyperlipidemia places kidney graft recipients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and may contribute to a decline in graft function. A study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lovastatin in these patients. Twelve kidney graft recipients with stable graft function and a cholesterol (chol) level over 250 mg/dl (6.46 mmol/l) were included. The lipid-lowering treatment consisted of 20 mg lovastatin daily, and all patients received immunosuppression with ciclosporin (CS) and prednisolone. Total chol decreased by 27% (300 +/- 56 to 219 +/- 28 mg/dl; 7.76 +/- 1.45 to 5.66 +/- 0.72 mmol/l; p < 0.01), LDL-chol by 35% (220 +/- 38 to 143 +/- 17 mg/dl; 5.69 +/- 0.98 to 3.70 +/- 0.44 mmol/l; p < 0.01) and triglycerides by 33% (207 +/- 127 to 138 +/- 56 mg/dl; 2.36 +/- 1.44 to 1.57 +/- 0.64 mmol/l; p < 0.05). HDL-chol increased by 10% (57 +/- 11 to 63 +/- 13 mg/dl; 1.47 +/- 0.28 to 1.63 +/- 0.34 mmol/l; NS). The ratio of total chol/HDL-chol, a generally accepted risk predictor of atherosclerosis, fell from 5.4 +/- 1.3 to 3.3 +/- 1.2, p < 0.01. Lipoprotein (a) [lp(a)], an independent risk predictor for atherosclerosis, was also evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of lovastatin treatment and showed a decrease of 39% (32.9 +/- 27.6 to 19.9 +/- 22.9 mg/dl; 0.85 +/- 0.71 to 0.51 +/- 0.59 mmol/l; p < 0.05). No adverse side effects were seen at this dosage, and hepatic and renal parameters remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of hyperlipidemic kidney graft recipients with lovastatin: effect on LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). 130 Apr 34

The cross-sectional sample consisted of data for 41 white men and 63 white women, 67-92 years of age who were healthy volunteer participants in the Aging Process Study at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The variables consisted of anthropometric measures of body fatness, blood lipids and blood pressures. Correlations were computed between principal component scores, ratios of body circumferences, W/S2, blood lipid values and blood pressures for each sex. In the men, the significant correlations were of the abdomen/hip and abdomen/thigh ratios with W/S2, and the principal component scores with HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure. In the women, the abdomen/hip ratio had a low negative correlation with HDL cholesterol but a low positive correlation with triglyceride levels. The principal component scores also had low correlations with blood pressure and triglycerides. Multiple regressions were used to determine further associations between risk factors and fat distribution indices. In the men, the relationships of age and levels of body fatness with HDL cholesterol were much stronger and more complex than those with triglyceride or systolic blood pressure. In the women, only HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were associated with abdomen/hip ratio after removing the effects of overall fatness. The present findings indicate that a large abdominal circumference, implying a correspondingly large internal adipose tissue deposit, produces negative health alterations in blood lipid levels in this sample of elderly individuals. In younger adults, these changes are considered to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Fat distribution and blood lipids in a sample of healthy elderly people. 131 27

There is little debate that an elevated plasma cholesterol level, specifically an elevated plasma LDL cholesterol level, increases cardiovascular disease risk. Data from inter- and intrapopulation studies have clearly demonstrated that as total and LDL cholesterol levels increase, cardiovascular disease risk increases. Although this relationship is generally accepted, the specifies of the relationship generate debate. Relevant questions pertain to the actual level of plasma cholesterol at which cardiovascular disease risk is increased, whether the relationship holds true across all age groups and both sexes, and what contributions plasma HDL levels and the plasma LDL/HDL ratio make to cardiovascular disease risk independent of plasma LDL levels. Irrespective of these uncertainties, the evidence that elevated plasma LDL cholesterol levels constitute an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease has been a major component in studying the genetic and environmental factors involved in hypercholesterolemia. Epidemiologic data reveal relationships between a number of dietary elements and elevated plasma cholesterol levels with the strongest relationships between dietary fatty acids, plasma cholesterol levels, and cardiovascular disease incidence. The data from a variety of epidemiologic investigations, both cross-cultural and cross-sectional, indicate that plasma total cholesterol levels are increased by saturated fat intake and obesity. HDL cholesterol levels are decreased by intakes of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets, a high BMI, and lack of activity and increased by intake of dietary fat, alcohol, and physical activity. Controlled clinical trials have provided verification of these epidemiologic observations in practically every case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiologic data linking diet to hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis. 133 74

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been added to the list of independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), whose incidence is greater in obese subjects. There are few data available on the serum Lp(a) concentrations in obese individuals with or without insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We selected 31 obese men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) tests, 15 obese diabetic men, 14 non obese diabetic men and 17 healthy men as controls. We measured serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and Lp(a). The mean Lp(a) levels in NGT obese men were 70.00 +/- 13.40 mg/l, which were similar to those found in normal controls (75.98 +/- 24.70 mg/l); significantly higher mean Lp(a) levels were found in obese diabetic men (168.84 +/- 56.43 mg/l) and in non obese diabetic men (240.85 +/- 63.35 mg/l). No significant correlation between Lp(a) levels and age, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, was found; only a significant positive correlation between Lp(a) levels and glucose could be revealed (P < 0.05). Since higher levels of Lp(a) were found in NIDDM subjects with or without obesity, we conclude that hyperglycemia may influence the levels of serum Lp(a) facilitating its glycosylation in the liver with the consequence of a decline in its catabolic rate.
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PMID:Serum lipoprotein Lp(a) in obesity. 134 6


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