Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007222 (cardiovascular disease)
 65,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Factor VII (FVII) is a plasma vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that plays an important role in the initiation of tissue factor-induced coagulation (extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation). An increase in FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc) has been proposed as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Recently, the coagulation assay using soluble tissue factor(sTF) enables us to measure the plasma levels of the activated form of factor VII(FVIIa) without the effect of the FVII zymogen form. We have developed the fluorogenic assay for FVIIa using sTF and measured the plasma FVIIa in atherosclerotic diseases. The FVIIa level in the Japanese was lower than that reported in Caucasians, suggesting that the incidence of ishemic heart disease is lower in the former. The FVIIa level was higher in the patients with cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease and cerebral infarction), non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus, hypertension with microalbuminuria, and renal failure than in the healthy controls. The FVIIa levels were also increased in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and this FVIIa increase was positively correlated with urinary albumin excretion. Furthermore, FVIIa levels were not correlated with the levels of lipids and the activity of hepatic synthesis, indicating that FVIIa may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:[Activated factor VII as a new cardiovascular risk factor of atherothrombotic disease]. 856 29

Several haemostatic factors have been shown to have a predictive role in cardiovascular disease, although their relationship with prevalent peripheral arterial disease is not well reported. Using a random sample of 1592 men and women aged 55-74 years from Edinburgh, Scotland, we examined the relationship of von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrin D-dimer antigens and factor VII activity to peripheral arterial disease. t-PA antigen and fibrin D-dimer showed significant linear trends of increased levels with increasing severity of disease in both sexes (p < or = 0.01) and vWF showed a similar pattern in men only (p < or = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, fibrin D-dimer was independently related to the risk of intermittent claudication (p < or = 0.01) and, among men, to the extent of arterial narrowing in the lower limb, as measured by the ankle brachial pressure index, (ABPI) (p < or = 0.001). These results are further evidence of a role for intravascular fibrin deposition in the development of peripheral atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Fibrin D-dimer, haemostatic factors and peripheral arterial disease. 857 5

The cross-sectional correlates of three hemostatic factors--fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII--were examined in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based cohort study of 5,201 subjects over age 65 years. Subjects were recruited in 1989-1990 in Forsyth County, North Carolina; Sacramento County, California; Washington County, Maryland; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In multivariate linear regression models, cardiac risk factors significantly associated with fibrinogen were current smoking, race, lipids, and white blood count. In women, alcohol use, obesity, physical activity, and insulin level were also significant, while in men hypertension was correlated. The significant correlates of factor VII were lipids and white blood count in men and estrogen use, alcohol use, race, lipids, insulin level, white blood count, and obesity in women. The independent correlates of factor VIII were insulin, glucose, and race in both sexes; low density lipoprotein cholesterol, white blood count, and diuretic use in men; and alcohol use in women. In multivariate models, factors known to be modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease accounted for more of the population variance of these hemostatic factors in women than in men, especially for factor VII. The hemostatic factors may mediate some effects of risk factors on disease, and this should be considered in longitudinal studies.
 ...
PMID:Association of fibrinogen and coagulation factors VII and VIII with cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiovascular Health Study Investigators. 865 Dec 28

The haemostatic system was examined in 2951 men aged 50 to 61 years, clinically free of cardiovascular disease, who were ranked according to a risk score for fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). Risk was judged from their serum cholesterol concentration, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and smoking habit. The status of the factor VII-tissue factor pathway was estimated from the plasma levels of factor VII coagulant activity, factor VII antigen and activated factor VII. Activation of factor IX was assessed from the plasma concentration of factor IX activation peptide. Activity within the common pathway was measured as the plasma concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and fibrinopeptide A. All 6 markers of haemostatic status were positively and statistically significantly associated with risk, providing further evidence for a hypercoagulable state in men at high risk for fatal CHD. Plasma fibrinogen and serum triglyceride concentrations were also graded positively with risk.
 ...
PMID:Increased activation of the haemostatic system in men at high risk of fatal coronary heart disease. 872 21

Over 200 risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have now been identified. Among these, the three most important are (1) abnormal lipids, including the fact that there are more than 15 types of cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and four different types of triglyceride-rich particles, some of which are very atherogenic, (2) high blood pressure, and (3) cigarette smoking. In addition, many other factors including diabetes, haemostatic factors such as fibrinogen, factor VII, plasminogen activator inhibitors, and new factors such as apolipoprotein E4 and homocysteine, are known to increase the risk of developing clinical CVD. A low risk for CVD requires that these various factors are present in the circulation in the correct proportions. Two simple tests for determining plasma lipid levels can be used to identify those individuals with an atherogenic lipid profile and who are, therefore, at increased risk for CVD. Firstly, the ratio of total cholesterol to high density cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) should be determined, followed by measurement of plasma triglyceride concentrations. This will allow differentiation of whether the low density lipoproteins (LDL), HDL cholesterol or triglyceride-rich particles such as the small dense beta-very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are the major cause for concern. Once identified, those individuals with a high lipid risk profile should be treated before, rather than after, experiencing coronary heart disease (CHD).
 ...
PMID:Lipids, risk factors and ischaemic heart disease. 883 10

Seasonal influence on mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is well documented. Understanding the seasonal variations in cardiovascular risk factors can shed light on this phenomenon. Elevation of coagulation factors during cold weather may in part explain the higher mortality from myocardial infarction and stroke in winter. The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Community Study (CVDFACTS) included subjects belonging to 2 cohorts located in northern and southern Taiwan. This study included 2877 subjects aged 18 and above whose blood levels were examined for various coagulating factors. Besides measuring conventional cardiovascular risk factors including: blood pressure, body mass index and total cholesterol, values for blood fibrinogen, factor VII activity, factor VIII activity, plasminogen, antithrombin III, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were determined for all subjects. Of these hemostatic parameters, levels of all, except prothrombin time, were statistically different between days with mean temperature > 20 degrees C and days with temperature < or = 20 degrees C (P < 0.01). In cold weather, a greater tendency to clot in circulatory system was demonstrated in this study, indicating seasonal variations may be demonstrated in this subtropical region.
 ...
PMID:Values of blood coagulating factors vary with ambient temperature: the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Two-Township Study in Taiwan. 890 10

We cross-sectionally measured plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, fibrinogen, factor VII (FVII:C) and VIII (FVIII:C) coagulant activity, and von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) in 162 traditional horticulturalists older than 40 years from the tropical island of Kitava, Papua New Guinea, where the intake of western food is negligible and where stroke and ischaemic heart disease appear to be absent. Identical analyses were made in Swedish subjects of comparable ages. Kitavams had markedly lower PAI-1 activity, with 85% of males and 100% of females having PAI-1 activity < or = 5 U/ml, as compared with 22 and 14% in Swedish males and females (p < 0.0001). Surprisingly, Kitavans also had higher FVII:C. FVIII:C and VWF:Ag. Fibrinogen was 10% lower in Kitavan males while 25% higher in Kitavan females. The very low PAI-1 activity in Kitavans may explain some of their apparent freedom from cardiovascular disease and probably relates to their extreme leanness.
 ...
PMID:Haemostatic variables in Pacific Islanders apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease--the Kitava Study. 903 56

Abundant evidence proves that thrombosis is involved in the acute presentation of coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. However, the role of thrombotic factors in the development of the atherosclerotic lesions themselves has been more difficult to prove. This difficulty has been due, at least in part, to several methodologic issues in the study of hemostatic factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These include the possibility that associations between CVD and hemostatic factors may not be causal but rather due to confounding by other factors, acting as part of an extended causal pathway or requiring interaction with other risk factors or atherosclerotic disease, or may result from disease rather than causing the disease. In addition, several challenges remain in the measurement of hemostatic factors. Nonetheless, a growing number of studies have examined the association of CVD with coagulation factors (fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, and platelet aggregability) and fibrinolytic factors [tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, lipoprotein(a), and plasminogen or global fibrinolytic activity]. Of these, only for fibrinogen is there significant, strong, and consistent evidence of a causal association. Given the preliminary nature of these associations, any association between dietary factors and hemostatic factors other than fibrinogen is difficult to invoke as evidence for a deleterious effect of diet on CVD risk via thrombogenic mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of thrombotic-hemostatic factors and their associations with cardiovascular disease. 912 9

It has been suggested that the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We examined the association of the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids with fibrinogen, factor VII antigen (FVII:Ag), factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C), plasminogen, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in 338 men and 363 women 45 to 64 years old. Palmitic acid, the most abundant saturated fatty acid, was positively associated in univariate analyses with plasminogen, which explained 5.2% of its variance among men (P<.0001) and 5.8% among women (P<.0001). Linoleic acid, which is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid, was negatively associated with plasminogen and fibrinogen. This explained 1.1% of the variance in fibrinogen among men (P=.04) and 3.2% among women (P=.0006) and 4.1% of the variance in plasminogen in both sexes (P<.0001). Dihomogammalinolenic acid was positively associated with FVII:Ag and explained 3.7% of its variance among men (P=.0003) and 4.6% among women (P<.0001). Furthermore, dihomogammalinolenic acid was positively and significantly associated with FVII:C, fibrinogen, and plasminogen among women but not among men. All these associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple potential confounding factors such as age, smoking, serum lipids, and body mass index. In conclusion, our findings suggest that linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and dihomogammalinoleic acid are significant independent determinants of hemostatic profile. It is not clear, however, to what extent these results reflect the effects of fatty acids on coagulation and to what extent they reflect the activity of inflammatory processes in the arteries.
 ...
PMID:Association of the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids with hemostatic factors. 915 41

Clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease related to insulin resistance may account for the increased incidence of vascular disease in these conditions and in non-diabetic subjects. To investigate the relationship between a coding polymorphism in the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, 209 patients with NIDDM and 452 subjects investigated for coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied. In the NIDDM subjects 22 (10.5%) were heterozygous at codon 972 for a polymorphism which codes for a glycine to arginine substitution and 187 (89.5%) were homozygous for the wild type. Patients with the mutation had lower levels of cholesterol compared with wild type (mean, 95% confidence intervals), 5.3 (4.9-5.8) vs 6.0 (5.9-6.2) mmol/l, respectively (P = 0.002), triglyceride 1.7 (1.4-2.1) vs 2.2 (2.0-2.4) mmol/l (P = 0.051), factor VII:C activity 109.5 (85.5-133.5) vs 133.5 (127-140)% (P = 0.057) and PAI-1 antigen, 16.0 (10.5-24.3) vs 22.2 (20.0-24.6) ng/ml (P = 0.054). There were no differences in body mass index, indices of glycaemic control, fasting insulin or the prevalence of hypertension. In patients with CAD, 55 (12.7%) were carriers of the mutation (including three homozygotes) (NIDDM vs CAD, NS). Although similar trends in cholesterol, factor VII, PAI-1 antigen and triglyceride existed between carriers of the mutation and the wild type, none reached statistical significance. The results indicate that the IRS-1 gene is not implicated in the pathogenesis of NIDDM or CAD.
 ...
PMID:Insulin receptor substrate-1 gene polymorphism and cardiovascular risk in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and patients undergoing coronary angiography. 921 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>