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Query: UMLS:C0007222 (cardiovascular disease)
 65,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to determine normal echocardiographic values for older subjects, we studied 136 adults (78 men and 58 women, 20 to 97 years of age) without evidence of cardiovascular disease. When patients were subdivided into six age groups, progressive changes were found in mean normal values for various parameters. Specifically, when the oldest group (over 70 years) was compared with the youngest group (21-30 years), significant (p less than 0.01) increases in aortic root (22 percent) and left atrial (16 percent) dimensions, in ventricular septal (20 percent) and left ventricular free-wall (18 percent) thicknesses, and in estimated left ventricular mass (15 percent) were noted. In addition, a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in mean mitral E-F slope (43 percent) and slight decreases in mean left ventricular systolic and diastolic internal dimensions (5 and 6 percent, respectively; p less than 0.05) were noted. Left ventricular ejection fraction and percentage fractional shortening were found to be independent of age. These data have been used to derive regression equations that are related to both age and body surface area. The regression equations can be used to calculate mean normal values and 95 percent prediction intervals for echocardiographic measurements in adults.
J Clin Ultrasound 1979 Dec
PMID:Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects: evaluation of an adult population without clinically apparent heart disease. 11 84

Both plasma low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been associated with the genesis of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies with cells grown in culture have suggested a regularory role of these lipoproteins in cellular cholesterol metabolism and pointed at abnormalities resulting from deviations of these regulatory processes. The precise relationship between these observations in vitro and the atherogenic process remains open to investigation.
Ann Clin Lab Sci
PMID:Plasma lipoproteins and coronary heart disease. 20 64

There is much conflicting data and many opinions regarding the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular disease. The best information shows that there is a relationship between multiple factors and cardiac problems. Nurses need to assist patient populations to assess their learning needs and should present material regarding multiple risk according to those needs. Classification of patient status as primary, secondary, or tertiary can assist in this process. Nurses need to help fill the void in proven data in this area by conducting longitudinal research into multiple risk factors and a variety of interventions.
Nurs Clin North Am 1978 Sep
PMID:Nursing interventions with obese cardiac patients. 25 16

The elements Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Mo, Rb, Sb, and Se were determined in platelets from seven normal donors. The results, in ng/g wet weight, for plasma-free platelets follow: "Pure" platelets: Ag = 29 +/- (18), au = 0.22 +/- (0.22), Cd = 6.2 +/- 3.4, Cs = 54.8 +/- 19.2, Cr = 6.1 +/- 2.5, Co = 7.5 +/- (5.0), Mo = 3.4 +/- 1.3, Rb = 10400 +/- 3000, Sb = 18 +/- (26), and Se = 782 +/- 127. "Impure" platelets: Au = 0.23 +/- (0.28), Cd = 6.4 +/- 2.6, Cs = 35.2 +/- 13.8, Cr = 8.2 +/- 2.9, Co = 2.9 +/- (3.0), Mo = 3.2 +/- 0.8, Rb = 8700 +/- 1700, Sb = 13.2 +/- (8.7), and Se = 679 +/- 57. To our knowledge, none of these 10 trace elements has been determined in platelets before. The selenium concentration in platelets exceeds that in other tissues (e.g., liver). We suggest that glutathione peroxidase or other unknown selenoenzymes are particularly important in platelet metabolism. Platelets are crucial for triggering thrombosis, and so may be involved as links between selenium deficiency and the concomitant increased death rate from cardiovascular disease.
Clin Chem 1979 May
PMID:Elemental composition of platelets. Part III. Determination of Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Mo, Rb, Sb, and Se in normal human platelets by neutron activation analysis. 43 38

Twenty-four patients with biguanide-induced lactic acidosis were reported to the Adverse Drug Reaction Register of the Finnish National Board of Health from 1974-1977. Of them, 23 had been treated with phenformin and one with metformin. The mean age of the patients was 71 years, and all but one were more than 65 years of age. The mortality rate was 63%. One patient had cirrhosis of the liver and one was already known tohave had impaired renal function. Fourteen of the patients had a normal serum creatinine concentration either before or after the development of lactic acidosis. Thus, in most patients it had not been possible to prevent development of lactic acidosis by observing the contraindications to biguanide therapy. Most patients had some form of co-existing cardiovascular disease. Tetracycline therapy was a probable precipitating factor in three cases. Based on the statistics of biguanide consumption in Finland, the annual incidence of biguanide-induced lactic acidosis in 1976 and 1977 was between 1/2000 and 1/3000 and that of fatal lactic acidosis was 1/4000.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1979 Jul
PMID:Biguanide-induced lactic acidosis in Finland. 49 89

Multivitamin preparations are commonly administered to regular dialysis treatment (RDT) patients. Serum Vitamin A was measured in 72 patients on RDT. Elevated serum Vitamin A levels (102.29 +/- 26.95 microgram/dl [3.57 +/- 0.94 mumoles/l]) were found in the dialysis population (normal 40.98 +/- 6.71 microgram/dl [1.43 +/- 0.23 mumoles/l]; P less than 0.0005). Serum Vitamin A levels increased with duration (months) of dialysis but not with frequency of dialysis (twice or thrice weekly). Patients taking a VitaminA-containing multivitamin preparation had higher serum Vitamin A levels than those on a non-Vitamin A supplemented diet. Bilaterally nephrectomized patients had the highest serum Vitamin A levels while patients with obstructive uropathy had the lowest levels. Serum Vitamin A levels did not correlate with symptoms of uremia. Positive correlations were found with serum levels of calcium, cholesterol and triglycerides. Patients receiving a Vitamin A supplement had higher serum cholesterol levels than non-supplemented patients. Vitamin A might be a factor in the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in RDT patients. We therefore advise discontinuing the long-term administration of Vitamin A-containing multivitamin supplements to patients on RDT.
Clin Nephrol 1979 Aug
PMID:Serum vitamin A levels and associated abnormalities in patients on regular dialysis treatment. 52 72

The effect of an intravenous dose of mexiletine, a new anti-arrhythmic agent, on the electrophysiological properties of the intact human heart was studied in ten subjects with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. Mexiletine produced no significant changes in the sinus node recovery time, the corrected sinus node recovery time or in the atrial, atrio-ventricular and ventricular effective refractory periods. In addition mexiletine had no significant effect on proximal atrioventricular conduction. The drug did, however, prolong atrio-ventricular conduction distal to the bundle of His in all ten subjects by an average of 6 msec. This change was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The drug is recommended to be used with caution in patients with conduction disturbances.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1977 Oct
PMID:The effect of mexiletine on the electrophysical properties of the intact human heart. 61 69

Serum total lipids and lipoproteins cholesterol were determined in 33 survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) and in 75 subjects with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Measurements were also made by a quantitative immunological assay of Apoprotein A (Apo A) and B (Apo B). Apo A levels were significantly lower in cases than in controls. In those cases with low levels of Apo A, high density lipoprotein has a higher cholesterol content as compared with controls. A negative correlation between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was found in controls and PVD subjects. The findings suggest that Apo A is associated to MI and PVD and its quantitative determination is predictive of cardiovascular disease.
Clin Chim Acta 1978 Jul 01
PMID:Serum total lipids, lipoproteins cholesterol, apoproteins A and B in cardiovascular disease. 66 34

In the course of the Paris study on risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a large professional group, 7710 active and apparently healthy men aged between 48 and 54 were examined. This study measured the relationship between clinical abnormalities suggesting alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the following blood parameters: white (WBC) and red (RBC) blood cell counts, haematocrit (H), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the former computed as H/RBC ratio. A subsequent analysis was performed on a random sample of 485 subjects without ALD who were questioned on their daily average alcohol consumption. Each subject was classified as ;smoker' or ;non-smoker' according to his daily tobacco consumption for the last five years. Analysis of the data confirmed that smoking and alcohol were related to the blood parameters; but, according to smoking habit, different relationships between alcohol consumption (or ALD) and MCV, RBC, or WBC counts were found: for smokers, RBC count significantly decreased and MCV increased with alcohol consumption (or ALD); for non-smokers, WBC count significantly increased with alcohol consumption (or ALD). So, it would be of interest to consider the relation between alcohol and tobacco in interpreting possible changes in blood parameters and in formulating hypotheses on the mechanisms of their specific action.
J Clin Pathol 1978 Jul
PMID:Blood cells and alcohol consumption with special reference to smoking habits. 67 Apr 20

This chapter has demonstrated the diagnostic capability and feasibility of documenting functional abnormalities during dynamic stress in a pediatric population. The overview confirms that a controlled exercise procedure can be performed routinely in ambulatory children with or without cardiovascular disease and should be included in the clinical evaluation of specific lesions. It now appears that the primary indications for noninvasive exercise testing in the pediatric population include the following disorders: 1. Left ventricular outflow obstructions, a. Subvalvar obstructions, b. Valvar obstructions, c. Supravalvar obstructions, d. Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, e. Coarctation of the aorta; 2. Chronic left or right ventricular volume overload, a. Atrioventricular or semilunar valve incompetence, b. Left-to-right shunts; 3. Rhythm and conduction disturbances, a. Postoperative ventriculotomy, b. Bradytachyarrhythmias, c. Arrhythmias in patients with or without symptoms. The role of the exercise procedure is not yet established in the following areas: 1. Patients with family history of premature atherosclerosis or Type II hyperlipoproteinemia; 2. Patients with elevated blood pressure; 3. The evaluation of syncope, chest pain, or atypical findings on physical examinations (especially in athletes). Consequent upon increased interest and improved technology, the role of this technique will soon be established in the invasive and noninvasive evaluation of pediatric patients with or without overt cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovasc Clin 1978
PMID:Exercise testing in children and young adults: an overview. 70 68


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