Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007222 (cardiovascular disease)
 65,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adiponectin is a secretory protein predominantly expressed by adipocytes and released at a high rate into circulation. The ease with which the levels of adiponectin can be measured owing to its high abundance, small diurnal variation and high stability in plasma have made it a popular target for measurements in many clinical studies. It has emerged as a valuable biomarker for insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular risk and inflammation. However, adiponectin levels have been measured in many additional disease states. Preclinical studies not only have implicated adiponectin as an outstanding biomarker but also have demonstrated direct cardio-protective and insulin-sensitizing properties to be associated with the protein. Adiponectin might, therefore, be a viable protein therapeutic that could be supplied in a recombinant form in the context of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the high abundance, complex tertiary and quaternary structure and rapid turnover might make chronic administration of the protein rather challenging.
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PMID:Adiponectin in health and disease: evaluation of adiponectin-targeted drug development strategies. 1935 49

Adiponectin is thought to exert anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the association of long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet with adiponectin levels, in a sample of cardiovascular disease-free adults. In a random sub-sample of "ATTICA" study, 532 men and women, serum adiponectin was measured. Among several sociodemographic, clinical and biological factors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by a special diet score (MedDietSCore) that incorporated the inherent characteristics of this traditional diet. Unadjusted analysis revealed that participants who were in the highest tertile of the diet score had an average 41% higher adiponectin levels, as compared to those who were in the lowest tertile (P<.001). Multiadjusted data analysis showed that compared to the highest tertile of diet score, participants in the middle or the lowest one had an average 0.99+/-0.22 (P=.001) and 1.05+/-0.27 microg/ml (P=.001) lower adiponectin levels after adjusting for age, sex and various bioclinical factors. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with an increase on adiponectin levels. This finding may partially explain beneficial effects of this traditional healthy diet on the cardiovascular system.
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PMID:The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and adiponectin levels among healthy adults: the ATTICA study. 1936 51

Evaluation of: Kizer JR, Barzilay JI, Kuller LH, Gottdiener JS: Adiponectin and risk of coronary heart disease in older men and women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 3357-3364 (2008). Adiponectin has insulin sensitizing, anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenetic properties. On the basis of this, it is proposed that adiponectin could protect against the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, in a nested case-control population-based study, it was demonstrated that high not low adiponectin is associated with increased CHD risk in older adults, challenging earlier studies and suggesting higher adiponectin to be associated with lower risk of CHD. The increased risk is not explained by renal dysfunction or weight loss, factors that may increase adiponectin and mortality. The reason underlying this paradoxical finding in older adults is unclear. Future epidemiological and clinical studies are required to better address the potential mechanisms underlying the link between elevated adiponectin and CHD risk in older adults, as well as the role of adiponectin in atherosclerosis. Until we unravel this paradox, therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing adiponectin levels for cardiovascular disease prevention in older subjects may be undesirable.
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PMID:Interventions to increase adiponectin may be associated with increased coronary heart disease in older adults. 1859 65

Adiponectin is an adipokine whose biosynthesis is deranged in obesity and diabetes mellitus, predisposing to atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that adiponectin has anti-atherogenic properties by improving endothelial function and having anti-inflammatory effects in the vascular wall. In addition, adiponectin modifies vascular intracellular redox signalling and exerts indirect antioxidant effects on human myocardium. However, its clinical role in cardiovascular disease is obscure. Adiponectin's positive prognostic value in coronary artery disease had been widely supported over the last years, but this view has been questioned recently. High adiponectin levels are paradoxically associated with poorer prognosis in heart failure syndrome. These controversial findings seem surprising as adiponectin has been viewed overall as an anti-atherogenic molecule. Therefore, any certain conclusion about adiponectin's role in cardiovascular disease seems premature. Despite the rapidly accumulating literature on this adipokine, it is still unclear whether adiponectin is a key mediator or a bystander in cardiovascular disease. It is still uncertain whether adiponectin levels have any clinical significance for risk stratification in cardiovascular disease or they just reflect the activation of complex and opposing underlying mechanisms. Circulating adiponectin levels should be interpreted with caution, as they may have completely different prognostic value, depending on the underlying disease state.
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PMID:Adiponectin: from obesity to cardiovascular disease. 1938 61

Adiponectin is widely known as an adipocytokine with therapeutic potential for its markedly protective function in the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders, metabolic syndrome, systemic insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and more recently carcinogenesis. In the present study, we show that adiponectin inhibits adhesion, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Further analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that adiponectin treatment increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and activity as evident by increased phosphorylation of downstream target of AMPK, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and inhibition of p70S6 kinase (S6K). Intriguingly, we discovered that adiponectin treatment increases the expression of tumor suppressor gene LKB1 in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of LKB1 in breast cancer cells further increased adiponectin-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK. Using isogenic LKB1 knockdown cell line pair, we found that LKB1 is required for adiponectin-mediated modulation of AMPK-S6K axis and more importantly, inhibition of adhesion, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Taken together these data present a novel mechanism involving specific upregulation of tumor suppressor gene LKB1 by which adiponectin inhibits adhesion, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Our findings indicate the possibility of using adiponectin analogues to inhibit invasion and migration of breast cancer cells.
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PMID:LKB1 is required for adiponectin-mediated modulation of AMPK-S6K axis and inhibition of migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. 1948 24

Adiponectin is reduced in obesity and has been suggested to play an important role in modulation of atherosclerosis. We studied the relationship between visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue and serum adiponectin concentrations in Japanese men. Participants were 304 randomly selected community-based Japanese men aged 40-49 without a prior history of cardiovascular disease. Participants were grouped according to tertiles of serum adiponectin. In multiple linear regression analysis including age, pack years of smoking, and alcohol intake as covariates, log-transformed adiponectin was inversely associated with both VAT and SAT when these two obesity measures were included separately in the models. However, log-transformed adiponectin was inversely associated with VAT (standardized beta estimate=-0.465; P<0.0001) and positively associated with SAT (standardized beta estimate=1.277; P=0.03), when these were included concomitantly in the model. In conclusion, VAT and SAT had differential associations with serum adiponectin concentrations.
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PMID:Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity and adiponectin in middle-aged Japanese men: the ERA JUMP study. 1958 83

Adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and insulin sensitizing adipokine exists in several isoforms in the circulation. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), circulating levels of total as well as high-molecular-weight adiponectin are elevated. In contrast to initial studies, several recent and larger studies on outcomes do not support a protective effect of high adiponectin on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and overall mortality in CKD patients. Paradoxically, high adiponectin predicts increased overall and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients. This effect seems unrelated to a direct effect of adiponectin, but rather due to a process of protein-energy (PEW) wasting. This review summarizes recent conflicting findings on adiponectin in relation to outcomes and discusses the pathophysiologic roles of adiponectin in PEW, insulin resistance and vascular injuries of CKD patients.
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PMID:Adiponectin in chronic kidney disease has an opposite impact on protein-energy wasting and cardiovascular risk: two sides of the same coin. 1964 Mar 65

N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) is an established biomarker for heart failure in adults, while its plasma concentrations are altered in adult obesity. Plasma adiponectin concentrations are decreased in obesity and low levels are associated with disorders with an increased cardiometabolic risk. A few studies support an association between these two markers in adults with coronary heart disease. Such relations have not been investigated in children with obesity, which is the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Ninety-six children, 24 obese/25 normal BMI boys, and 23 obese/24 normal BMI girls, aged 10-16, were studied. Plasma NT-proBNP was measured using electrochemiluminescence, and adiponectin and other metabolic risk factors, such as glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL, and LDL using standard methodology. The findings were gender dimorphic. In overweight and obese females (mean BMI z-score: 2.65+/-1.69), plasma NT-proBNP concentrations correlated significantly with adiponectin levels (r=0.4, r(2)=0.05, p=0.013), while in those with obesity defined as BMI z-score >2.5 (mean BMI z-score: 3.67+/-1.08, n=20) this association was stronger (r=0.6, r(2)=0.22, p=0.005). Adiponectin also correlated significantly with BMI z-scores, TG, HDL, and insulin levels. In boys, there was no correlation between NT-proBNP and adiponectin. NT-proBNP correlated significantly with HDL, while adiponectin correlated with TG, fasting insulin, and the Homeostasis Assessment Model (HOMA) Index. The positive association between NT-proBNP and adiponectin depends on the severity of obesity and is gender dimorphic. This positive correlation in females might be a potential protective mechanism against atherosclerosis in later life.
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PMID:Associations between circulating N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) and adiponectin concentrations depend on obesity level in female adolescents: gender dimorphic findings. 1967 Jan 55

Adiponectin, a protein secreted by adipocytes, has been recently found to be also secreted by cardiomyocytes. Adiponectin possesses several physiological functions including modulation of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. The interactions between adiponectin and metabolic parameters were found. Studies on aging humans revealed that enhanced adiponectin values are a distinctive feature of centenarians. Thus, this parameter may be considered as a prognostic factor of prolonged survival. However, it has also been demonstrated that high adiponectin levels may predict mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several mechanisms of adiponectin elevation, both in the process of aging and in pathomechanism of CVD, are discussed in this paper.
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PMID:Adiponectin - a predictor of higher mortality in cardiovascular disease or a factor contributing to longer life? 1967 25

Adiponectin, a protein secreted by adipose tissue but present at low levels in obesity, is now widely recognized as a key determinant of insulin sensitivity and of protection against obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. The adiponectin gene is very polymorphic and several of its variants contribute to adiponectin level, function and are associated with metabolic syndrome phenotypes. The results differ ethnically. The association of identified variants with obesity and its consequences, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is reviewed. This data may enable patients at greater risk of the adverse effects of obesity to be identified and, as such, benefit from more targeted therapy and prevention.
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PMID:[Variants of adiponectin gene as risk factors for the metabolic syndrome]. 1973 84


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