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Query: UMLS:C0007222 (cardiovascular disease)
 65,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When diabetes and cardiovascular disease were first classed as possible fibre-deficiency diseases, laboratory and clinical evidence was lacking. Subsequent studies indicated that the gums and viscous types of fibre (e.g., guar and pectin) are more effective than other fibres in slowing carbohydrate absorption and hence in reducing the postprandial rise in blood glucose and serum insulin. This effect has longer term metabolic consequences. In addition, gums and viscous fibres reduce serum cholesterol, possibly by mechanisms other than simply increasing bile-salt loss. If these potential therapeutic effects of fibre are to be exploited, palatable formulations must be developed. The effect of fibre in whole foods should also be determined.
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PMID:Dietary fibre, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia. Progress and prospects. 9 93

Subjects with borderline glucose tolerance are at a higher risk of suffering and dying from cardiovascular disease than subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Our data on the progression to overt diabetes and our data on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality suggests that tolbutamide treatment reduces these risks. In any case, we have no data supporting the theory that tolbutamide promotes cardiovascular damage.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of subjects with borderline glucose tolerance. 11 34

Although the diabetic patient is at high risk for transplantation and the progression of cardiovascular disease continues, results of our experience indicate that kidney transplantation can be performed with only slightly less favorable results than in the nondiabetic patients. We have found that the survival rate achieved by diabetics who receive a kidney graft is superior to that achieved by diabetic patients who receive dialysis. We also believe that some of the secondary complications of diabetes, which are aggravated by uremia, will be improved and that successful vocational rehabilitation is possible in the majority of diabetic patients.
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PMID:Kidney transplantation for the uremic diabetic patient. 19 45

A five-year therapeutic trial of carbohydrate restriction with or without phenformin (50 mg/day) was performed in men with borderline diabetes. The aim of treatment was to diminish the enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease and deterioration of glucose tolerance. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not significantly affected by any form of treatment, alone or in combination. The predominant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for overall mortality was the initial blood pressure level. The baseline plasma cholesterol concentration significantly predicted the onset of intermittent claudication. One implication of the results is that hypotensive treatment, supplemented when necessary with hypolipidaemic treatment, may be more effective in preventing the progression of arterial disease in people with mild to moderate glucose intolerance than conventional antidiabetic therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of borderline diabetes: controlled trial using carbohydrate restriction and phenformin. 33 35

Obesity, a common disorder causing excess mortality due to the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, respiratory illness, and diabetes, is difficult to control by simple dieting techniques. Low calorie foods, which can facilitate newer weight reduction approaches such as behavior modification, often lack adequate palatability due to the absence of carbohydrate or fat. Various low calorie bulking agents that can replace the traditionally used carbohydrates and fats are discussed in terms of caloric value, utility, and regulatory status. Methods of measuring caloric utilization of bulking agents in test animals and humans are evaluated. For fat, no really satisfactory replacement is currently available, although several promising are under development. Dietary fiber sources such as microcrystalline cellulose are receiving considerable attention as flour replacements. While the polyols have many desirable attributes, as sucrose replacements, their caloric utilization values generally prevent a significant caloric reduction when they are used in foods. Several experimental sucrose replacements are described.
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PMID:Low calorie bulking agents. 37 52

The topic of diabetes and contraception should be better investigated. 1 survey of 300 insulin-dependent women showed that the glucose tolerance disturbance caused by OCs (oral contraceptives) is rarely serious. OCs do seem to precipitate or exacerbate cardiovascular disease in a minority of patients. Diabetic women using OCs are advised to have regular medical examinations, to use OCs for as short a period of time as possible, and to examine alternative methods of contraception. IUDs are not a suitable alternative. A high rate of IUD failure, i.e., pregnancy with the device in situ, occurs in diabetic women. It is believed that a metabolic abnormality of the diabetic endometrium may be responsible for this. Counseling of diabetic women and their husbands in the whole area of reproduction and contraception is necessary.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Contraception and diabetes. 51 Jan 12

This report examines prospectively, in the Framingham cohort, the relation of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance to each of the cardiovascular sequelae, taking into account age, sex, and associated cardiovascular risk factors. The incidence of cardiovascular disease, as well as the levels of cardiovascular risk factors, were found to be higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic men and women. The relative impact of diabetes on coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, or stroke incidence was the same in men and women, but for cardiovascular mortality and cardiac failure the impact is greater for women. Present evidence suggests that alleviation of associated cardiovascular risk factors is the most promising course in reducing cardiovascular sequelae in diabetic patients.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Diabetes and glucose tolerance as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. 52 Jan 14

In the 1966 study of the population of Busselton, Australia, blood sugar and serum insulin levels were measured one hour after an oral glucose load, in addition to the conventional cardiovascular risk factors. The six-year incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the 12-yr mortality from CHD and from all cardiovascular diseases is described in relation to the initial baseline variables measured using the upper 20th percentile values (age-specific and sex-specific) to define the risk ratios. In younger subjects (ages less than 60 yr), elevated blood pressure levels for both sexes (risk ratios from 2.9 to 5.2) and elevated serum cholesterol concentrations for males (risk ratios from 3.0 to 3.3) were strong predictors of cardiovascular risk. In men aged 60 to 69 yr, those with upper range one-hour serum insulin concentrations showed marked associations with the six-year incidence of CHD, the 12-yr mortality from CHD, and the 12-yr mortality from all cardiovascular diseases (risk ratios were 2.0, 2.3, and 2.4, respectively). The relationship of elevated serum insulin and cardiovascular mortality persisted when males of all ages were analyzed, and it appeared to be independent of the other major risk factors. In females, no association between serum insulin and CHD or cardiovascular disease could be found. Although the age and sex specific upper 20th percentile values for one-hour blood sugar concentrations showed a low grade association in patients with subsequent cardiovascular disease end points, more noticeable risk ratios were demonstrated at the higher blood sugar level of 200 mg/100 ml or greater (in the age group 60 yr and over, risk ratios were 2.2 in males and 2.6 in females.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality in Busselton with reference to glucose and insulin concentrations. 52 Jan 19

The efficacy of correlating the L/S ratio in the amniotic fluid with fetal lung maturity has been substantiated in normal pregnancies. In gestations complicated by fetomaternal diseases, however, the assay is less reliable. This study involves 555 pregnancies in which there was a significant maternal, fetal, or placental disorder. The L/S ratio was related to fetal respiratory maturity as measured by Dubowitz criteria and the occurrence of RDS. The results show that pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes (Class D, E, F), significant cardiovascular disease, severe hemoglobinopathies, various congenital anomalies, chronic placental insufficiency, and prolonged ruptured membranes accelerated the L/S ration. Conversely, mild diabetes (Class B, C), intrinsic renal disease, hepatitis, collagen disease, hydrops fetalis, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis were associated with a delay in the L/S ratio. A significant increase in erroneous responses was noted in these patients when the L/S ratio was correlated to infant maturity and to the incidence of RDS. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.
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PMID:The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in cases associated with fetomaternal disease. 57 73

The diagnosis of occlusion of the intradural vertebrobasilar artery (OIDVBA) was made by means of cerebral angiography in 22 patients. The clinical presentation, course and followup were studied in conjunction with the angiographic findings in each case and the following conclusions made. OIDVBA is not rare. It occurs one-fourth as often as occlusion of the carotid artery. The correct diagnosis is not made clinically before angiography in the majority of patients. Complete visualization of the neck and intracranial vasculature is necessary to document the occlusion. Atherosclerotic thrombosis is the most common type of occlusive lesion. The most common predisposing factors are atherosclerosis, hypertensive cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and developmental vertebrobasilar hypoplasia. Most patients with occlusion are in the 7th and 8th decades of life and transient attacks of vertebrobasilar ischemia precede the occlusion in one-half of the cases. Emboli usually lodge in the terminal portion of the basilar artery whereas thrombotic occlusions tend not to be located in a characteristic segment. A majority of patients diagnosed angiographically survive their OIDVBA, but most distal occlusions result in death, often following several weeks of coma. In the surviving majority, disturbance of gait, impairment of vision, and symptoms of transient vertebrobasilar ischemia are the most common sequelae.
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PMID:Occlusion of the intradural vertebrobasilar artery. 63 67


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