Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007138 (transitional cell carcinoma)
 3,949 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a clinicopathologic study of 115 lacrimal sac neoplasms in adults (mean 52 years). The most common presenting signs and symptoms were epiphora (53%), recurrent dacryocystitis (38%), and/or lacrimal sac mass (36%). The tumors were divided into epithelial (82 cases) and nonepithelial (33 cases) neoplasms. Benign epithelial tumors included squamous and transitional cell papillomas (32), oncocytomas (4), and benign mixed tumors (2). The malignant epithelial neoplasms included squamous cell carcinoma (22), transitional cell carcinoma (5), adenocarcinoma (4), mucoepidermoid (3), adenoid cystic (3), and poorly differentiated carcinoma (1). The nonepithelial tumors consisted of fibrous histiocytoma (13), lymphoid lesions (10), malignant melanoma (6), hemangiopericytoma (1), lipoma (1), granulocytic sarcoma (1), and neurofibroma (1). Review of the literature, including our own series, discloses a 55% malignancy rate for tumors originating in the lacrimal sac. Malignant epithelial neoplasms, especially invasive transitional cell carcinoma, often recur locally and can metastasize and be fatal. Epithelial malignancies tend to grow along the epithelium of the lacrimal drainage system, and thus cure is dependent on a wide surgical excision of the tumor and of the entire lacrimal drainage system (canaliculi, sac, and nasolacrimal duct) combined with a lateral rhinostomy and radiation therapy.
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PMID:Lacrimal sac tumors. 794 44

Specimens from 334 Chinese patients who underwent surgical treatment for bladder tumours over a 6 year period were studied retrospectively. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) accounted for 91.3% of all the bladder tumours. The male to female ratio was 3:1 and the mean age was 69 years. Papillary TCC, which represented 67.5% of all TCC, were more often of a lower grade compared to non-papillary tumours. The staging of tumours was done for the 102 cystectomy specimens with TCC only. Among these, 28% were superficial while 72% were muscle-invasive and the papillary TCC usually presented at an earlier stage. Infiltration into the prostate gland was identified in 11% of male patients while coexisting adenocarcinoma of the prostate was observed in another 4.2%. Other types of carcinoma were uncommon. Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma accounted for 2.7, 1.8 and 0.6% of all bladder tumours, respectively. A rare case of sarcomatoid carcinoma was also found, but no true sarcoma was documented in this series. Benign lesions included five inverted papillomas, three nephrogenic adenomas, two paragangliomas and one haemangioma.
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PMID:Bladder tumours in Chinese: a 6 year study. 804 94

Most patients who present with a large solid renal mass and evidence of advanced malignancy will have primary renal cell carcinoma but a small subset with similar features have different and more treatable malignancies. We identified 7 patients with clinical and radiological findings suggestive of metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were ultimately diagnosed as have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (5), germ cell tumor (1) or transitional cell carcinoma (1). Two of these patients presented with abdominal pain, gross hematuria and a flank mass. Computerized tomography was interpreted as showing renal cell carcinoma in all patients, although lymphoma and sarcoma were included in the differential diagnoses in 2. With the correct diagnosis and appropriate therapy, 4 of the 7 patients are currently disease-free. We emphasize the need for histological documentation in such patients in view of curative therapy available for possible underlying neoplasms simulating renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Renal masses simulating primary renal cell carcinoma in patients with advanced malignancies. 818 57

We report a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter in a 60-year-old woman who presented at our hospital with right flank pain. She had undergone total ovariectomy and radiation therapy for ovarian cancer at the age of 40 years. A diagnosis of ureteral tumor (cTsN0M0) led to radical right nephroureterectomy and partial cystectomy. Microscopic examination showed a tumor that contained areas of both sarcoma and transitional cell carcinoma. The carcinomatous tissues were blended into the sarcomatous areas and there was a transitional zone between the 2 components. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the spindle cells were positive for cytokeratin, so the final diagnosis was sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter. The patient has remained well without any evidence of recurrence for 5 months since the operation. There is no effective adjunctive therapy, so constant careful monitoring will be necessary. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter is a rare tumor and this is only the sixth case reported in Japan.
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PMID:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter: a case report. 947 96

Previous immunohistologic studies have suggested that the antibody to the alpha subunit of inhibin is a sensitive marker of sex cord-stromal differentiation. However, detection has also been reported within both ovarian epithelial and germ cell tumors. To further study the normal tissue distribution of inhibin and the utility of its detection for the differential diagnosis of ovarian sex cord-stromal neoplasms, normal tissues and 225 lesions including sex cord-stromal lesions, ovarian epithelial and stromal cancers, ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors, metastases to the ovary, and non-ovarian cancers were analyzed using semi-automated immunohistochemistry. In normal tissues, immunostaining was found in cell subsets of the ovary, testis, adrenal gland, placenta, and kidney. All sex cord-stromal tumors were inhibin-positive and 37 of 50 (74%) cases exhibited at least moderate to strong immunostaining. Two cases originally diagnosed as adult granulosa cell tumors that were inhibin-negative were reassessed; diagnoses of endometrioid stromal sarcoma and endometrioid carcinoma with sertoliform features were rendered. In other primary or metastatic ovarian lesions or metastases to the ovary, weak to moderate immunostaining was found in only 4 of 84 (4.8%) cases, including ovarian clear cell carcinoma (2/2), uterine clear cell carcinomas metastatic to the ovary (1/3), and serous papillary carcinoma (1/2). Similarly, only 4 of 66 (6.1%) non-ovarian neoplasms exhibited weak immunostaining, including melanoma (1/5), uterine endometrioid carcinoma (1/2), transitional cell carcinoma (1/3), and breast adenocarcinoma (1/8). Only one case of a non-sex cord-stromal tumor had moderate or strong immunostaining. Based on these results, immunohistologic detection of the alpha subunit of inhibin is a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of sex cord-stromal neoplasms.
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PMID:The diagnostic utility of inhibin staining in ovarian neoplasms. 955 4

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein that was initially characterized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E11. PSMA is highly expressed in prostate secretory-acinar epithelium and prostate cancer as well as in several extraprostatic tissues. Recent evidence suggests that PSMA is also expressed in tumor-associated neovasculature. We examined the immunohistochemical characteristics of 7E11 and those of four recently developed anti-PSMA mAbs (J591, J415, and Hybritech PEQ226.5 and PM2J004.5), each of which binds a distinct epitope of PSMA. Using the streptavidin-biotin method, we evaluated these mAbs in viable prostate cancer cell lines and various fresh-frozen benign and malignant tissue specimens. In the latter, we compared the localization of the anti-PSMA mAbs to that of the anti-endothelial cell mAb CD34. With rare exceptions, all five anti-PSMA mAbs reacted strongly with the neovasculature of a wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms: conventional (clear cell) renal carcinoma (11 of 11 cases), transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (6 of 6 cases), testicular embryonal carcinoma (1 of 1 case), colonic adenocarcinoma (5 of 5 cases), neuroendocrine carcinoma (5 of 5 cases), glioblastoma multiforme (1 of 1 cases), malignant melanoma (5 of 5 cases), pancreatic duct carcinoma (4 of 4 cases), non-small cell lung carcinoma (5 of 5 cases), soft tissue sarcoma (5 of 6 cases), breast carcinoma (5 of 6 cases), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (2 of 12 cases). Localization of the anti-PSMA mAbs to tumor-associated neovasculature was confirmed by CD34 immunohistochemistry in sequential tissue sections. Normal vascular endothelium in non-cancer-bearing tissue was consistently PSMA negative. The anti-PSMA mAbs reacted with the neoplastic cells of prostatic adenocarcinoma (12 of 12 cases) but not with the neoplastic cells of any other tumor type, including those of benign and malignant vascular tumors (0 of 3 hemangiomas, 0 of 1 hemangioendothelioma, and 0 of 1 angiosarcoma). The mAbs to the extracellular PSMA domain (J591, J415, and Hybritech PEQ226.5) bound viable prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and PC3-PIP), whereas the mAbs to the intracellular domain (7E11 and Hybritech PM2J004.5) did not. All five anti-PSMA mAbs reacted with fresh-frozen benign prostate secretory-acinar epithelium (28 of 28 cases), duodenal columnar (brush border) epithelium (11 of 11 cases), proximal renal tubular epithelium (5 of 5 cases), colonic ganglion cells (1 of 12 cases), and benign breast epithelium (8 of 8 cases). A subset of skeletal muscle cells was positive with 7E11 (7 of 7 cases) and negative with the other four anti-PSMA mAbs. PSMA was consistently expressed in the neovasculature of a wide variety of malignant neoplasms and may be an effective target for mAb-based antineovasculature therapy.
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PMID:Five different anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibodies confirm PSMA expression in tumor-associated neovasculature. 1039 65

The following is a case report bladder of sarcomatoid carcinoma in a Japanese 65-year old female patient treated with hemodialysis. She developed chronic renal failure due to chronic glomerulonephritis. Fifteen months after the beginning of the hemodialysis, continuous gross hematuria was noticed, and cystoscopy revealed a broad-based bladder tumor spreading from the right lateral wall to the posterior wall. The histopathologic diagnosis of the TUR-Bt specimens was sarcoma. Radical cystectomy was performed under the diagnosis clinical stage III, T3bN0M0. The post-operative histopathologic diagnosis of the tumor was sarcomatoid carcinoma, composed of nests of transitional cell carcinoma (G 3) and predominant areas of spindle cell sarcomatoid transformation. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder in a hemodialysis patient is extremely rare, and to date this may be only the second case in Japanese medical literature.
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PMID:[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a hemodialysis patient: a case report]. 1056 65

The purpose of this study was to determine the PGE2 concentration in naturally-occurring cancer in pet dogs and in canine cancer cell lines in order to identify specific types of canine cancer with high PGE2 production which could serve as preclinical models to evaluate anticancer strategies targeting PGE2. PGE2 concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay in canine melanoma, soft tissue sarcoma, transitional cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and prostatic carcinoma cell lines; in 80 canine tumor tissue samples including oral melanoma (MEL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC), lymphoma (LSA), mammary carcinoma (MCA), osteosarcoma (OSA), prostatic carcinoma (PCA); and in corresponding normal organ tissues. High concentrations of PGE(2)(range 400-3300 pg/10(4)cells) were present in cell culture medium from the transitional cell carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and osteosarcoma cell lines. PGE2 concentrations in tumor tissues were elevated (tumor PGE2 concentration>mean+2X sd PGE(2)concentration of normal organ tissue) in 21/22 TCC, 5/6 PCA, 7/10 SCC, 5/10 MEL, 3/8 MCA, 4/15 OSA, and 0/9 LSA. Results of this study will help guide future investigations of anticancer therapies that target cyclooxygenase and PGE2.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E2 concentrations in naturally occurring canine cancer. 1116 79

Sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma is a rare entity, in which a malignant, overtly epithelial component coexists with areas having a sarcoma-like appearance. Histological distinction of sarcomatoid carcinomas from carcinosarcomas is often difficult and immunohistochemistry is a helpful diagnostic adjunct in the correct diagnosis. In the present report, we describe an uncommon case of sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, associated with giant cell tumor-like features. Immunoperoxidase staining for cytokeratin was positive in spindle cell component, indicating an epithelial origin. The carcinomatous component showed a diffuse membranous reactivity for E-cadherin, whereas the reactivity was sporadic and weaker in the sarcomatoid component, suggesting that the decrease of E-cadherin expression might be associated with the acquisition of sarcomatous morphology. Osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells were positive for CD68 and negative for p53 oncoprotein, suggesting that they represent a non-neoplastic component that is reactively induced in the tumor stroma.
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PMID:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis with giant cell tumor-like features: case report with immunohistochemical findings. 1573 16

The use of immunotherapy to attempt to treat cancer is not new. At the end of the last century, William Coley observed that the tumour of a patient with a sarcoma who developed streptococcal erysipelas regressed. This led Coley to develop a collection of heat-killed bacteria, known as Coley's toxins, which he used to activate the immune system, with some reported tumour regressions. Subsequently, several investigators used BCG to treat solid tumours. When used by intralesional injection, BCG induced regressions of melanoma skin metastases in some patients, but without affecting survival. In 1976, Morales described the use of intravesical BCG to treat superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. The efficacy of intravesical BCG remains the most successful example of cancer immunotherapy to date.
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PMID:The response of urological tumours to immunotherapy. 1735 86


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