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Query: UMLS:C0007131 (non-small cell lung cancer)
 22,601 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combined-modality therapy in lung cancer is a common practice throughout the world. The use of radiochemotherapy appears to be firmly established in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, but the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation remains undecided. Many recommend its use in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer as well, but no facts exist to support this position. Because of poor long-term outcome and high frequency of systemic relapse, integration of chemotherapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is becoming more prevalent. This article discusses methods of integration, the problems of combined- modality toxicity, recent trials, and reports of multimodal therapy in lung cancer. The advantages of certain regimens of chemotherapy and new methods of radiotherapy are also discussed.
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PMID:The integration of platinum and radiotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. 200 31

We thought that nutritional parameters in laboratory data might be able to express quality of life (QOL). Therefore, in 70 patients with malignant chest diseases (NSCLC, 42 patients; SCLC, 15; lung metastasis, 7; others, 6), the correlation between nutritional parameters of total protein (Tp), serum albumin (Alb), and serum (cholinesterase (ChE] and Karnofsky Performance Status scale (KPS) was investigated. Then, in 24 patients with them (NSCLC, 12; SCLC, 6; lung metastasis, 4; others 2), Alb and ChE were compared to the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire and Lung Cancer-Specific Questionnaire Module (QS). Results were as follows: 1) KPS and nutritional parameters correlated (Tp. r = 0.55, p less than 0.001; Alb, r = 0.60, p less than 0.001, ChE, r = 0.60; p less than 0.001). 2) The cores for Functional Status (FS) and Disease and Treatment-related symptoms (Sym) in QS and parameters of Alb and ChE correlate (FS v.s. Alb, p less than 0.01; Sym v.s. Alb, p less than 0.01; FS v.s. ChE, p less than 0.05; and Sym v.s. ChE, p less than 0.05). Moreover, the scores of Psychological Distress in QS and Alb showed a correlation (p less than 0.05). It is considered that nutrition and part of QOL (KPS and FS + Sym in QS, that is to say, "objective" functional activity and "subjective" functional activity and symptoms) correlate, and that nutritional parameters are useful to evaluate QOL.
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PMID:[Quality of life (QOL) and nutrition]. 202 88

A lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assay was used to assess alveolar macrophage (AM) and blood monocyte (BM) function in patients with lung cancer (LC). Ten patients with LC (7-SCLC, 3-NSCLC) and ten matched controls underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, and AMs were subjected to CL with and without stimulation with latex beads. Peak CL was recorded as counts per minute (CPM)/10(3) cells/min. BM activity was similarly assessed in 17 LC patients (13-SCLC) and 17 matched controls. Peak activity of both unstimulated and latex stimulated AMs in the LC group was higher than controls. Similarly, BM activity was enhanced in LC patients compared with controls. There was no correlation between AM CL responses and disease extent, but BM function at diagnosis correlated with subsequent response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Results indicate both local and systemic activation of the monocyte/macrophage system in LC even in patients with limited disease.
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PMID:Alveolar macrophage and blood monocyte function in lung cancer. 203 50

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) may be potentially curable. A correct diagnosis of cancer cell type is important and serum markers are of great value. Although several markers have been suggested, they have been of limited value because of insufficient specificity. To assess the value of serum neuron-specific enolase (S-NSE) as a possible marker of SCLC, the serum levels of 81 patients with SCLC (59 patients with extensive disease and 22 patients with limited disease) were compared with the serum levels of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (N-SCLC) and 93 patients with nonmalignant lung diseases. The S-NSE level also was measured in 104 patients with extensive disease of various other malignancies, including 71 solid tumors and 33 malignant hematologic disorders. From 105 healthy control subjects, the upper limit of the normal range (x + 2 standard deviations [SD]) was determined as 12.3 ng/ml. The S-NSE level was elevated in 78% of patients with SCLC, including 11 of 22 (50%) with limited disease and 52 of 59 (88%) with extensive disease. In contrast, the S-NSE level was raised only in 18% of patients with advanced N-SCLC (nine of 50) and 6% of patients with nonmalignant lung diseases (six of 93). Twelve patients (17%) with other solid malignant tumors and two patients (6%) with malignant hematologic disorders had raised S-NSE levels. Serial N-NSE levels were obtained in 13 patients with SCLC. S-NSE levels fell in all patients responding to chemotherapy and increased again with progression of disease. Our results indicate that S-NSE seems to be specific for SCLC (85%), whereas sensitivity seems to be dependent on the stage of disease. Further, S-NSE may be a useful marker for monitoring treatment and predicting relapse in patients with SCLC.
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PMID:Serum neuron-specific enolase is a useful tumor marker for small cell lung cancer. 215 54

From 1967 to 1988, we operated on 1507 non-small cell lung cancer. Complete data concerning patients at stage III are available for 501 of them. In 73% of cases the histological type was epidermoid, in 22% it was adenocarcinoma and in 5% large cells anaplastic carcinoma. Explorative thoracotomy (E.T.) was performed in 45% of interventions whereas curative resections in 55%. Sixty-two percent of these patients underwent pneumonectomy and thirty-eight percent lobectomy. Exeresis interventions were performed in patients at stage III A in 86% of cases, whereas in patients at stage III B in 14% of cases. Five years survival rate for stage III non small cell lung cancer is 17% whereas in stage II is 33% and in stage I is 52%. The only valuable prognostic factor seems to be the size of parenchymal exeresis. Indeed, survival rate after lobectomy is 24% versus 13% after pneumonectomy. In our experience the different survival between tumours at stage III A and tumours at stage III B are not significant, when the unexpected intraoperative finding of marginal infiltration of mediastinal organ is still compatible with resection. Also the survival rates between the two histological types are not statistically significant.
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PMID:Locally advanced lung cancer treatment: personal experience of 588 stage III operated on patients. 215 86

This article reviews the basic principles and the results with modern adjuvant therapies in resected non-small cell lung cancer, the role of preoperative chemotherapy in locally advanced, inoperable non-small cell lung cancer and the value of surgical resection as an adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. At the time being these therapies are experimental and should not be used outside clinical research.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy of lung cancer. 215 87

The alkylating agent ifosfamide, an analogue of cyclophosphamide, has undergone extensive testing in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma. Available data indicate that ifosfamide as a single agent can effect a 50% objective response rate in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and a 25% response rate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With mesna uroprotection, the primary dose-limiting toxicity is myelosuppression. In combination with other active agents, ifosfamide has yielded high response rates in both SCLC and NSCLC. Results of recent trials indicate that ifosfamide can be used safely in combination chemotherapy. Determination of the precise role of this agent in overall management of bronchogenic carcinoma requires additional study, however.
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PMID:Overview of ifosfamide in small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. 215 87

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been measured in 28 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 90 patients with other forms of lung cancer (NSCLC), i.e., 28 with adenocarcinoma and 62 with squamous cell carcinoma. Increased NSE (greater than 12.0 micrograms/liter) was found in 71.4% of SCLC patients and in 22.2% of NSCLC patients. The predictive value of an increased NSE in identifying SCLC was only 50%, whereas the predictive value of a normal NSE in differentiating SCLC for NSCLC was 91%. Serial studies during chemotherapy of SCLC patients showed that the doubling time of NSE ranged from 7 to 127 days and the mean apparent half-life (AHL) of NSE to be 14 days. AHL values in excess of 20 days suggest that the tumour is not in full remission. We believe that measurement of serum NSE and calculation of the AHL and DT are valuable in identifying the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with SCLC.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase during chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer. 216 May 68

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumor progression can involve partial or complete conversion to a more treatment-resistant non-small cell (NSCLC) phenotype. In a cell culture model of this phenomenon, we have previously demonstrated that insertion of the viral Harvey ras gene (v-Ha-ras) into SCLC cell lines with amplification and overexpression of the c-myc gene induced many NSCLC phenotypic features. We now report that the v-Ha-ras gene can also induce morphologic, biochemical, and growth characteristics consistent with the NSCLC phenotype in an N-myc amplified SCLC cell line, NCI-H249. We show that v-Ha-ras has novel effects on these cells, abrogating an SCLC-specific growth requirement for gastrin-releasing peptide, and inducing mRNA expression of three NSCLC-associated growth factors and receptors, platelet-derived growth factor B chain, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). TGF-alpha secretion and EGF-R also appear, consistent with the induction of an autocrine loop previously shown to be growth stimulatory for NSCLC in culture. These data suggest that N-myc and v-Ha-ras represent functional classes of genes that may complement each other in bringing about the phenotypic alterations seen during SCLC tumor progression, and suggest that such alterations might include the appearance of growth factors and receptors of potential importance for the growth of the tumor and its surrounding stroma.
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PMID:v-rasH induces non-small cell phenotype, with associated growth factors and receptors, in a small cell lung cancer cell line. 216 28

In 678 cases of surgically resected lung cancer, morphological factors influencing prognosis were evaluated, especially in adenocarcinomas (283 cases) and squamous cell carcinomas (270 cases). In adenocarcinoma cases, sex, degree of differentiation, classification by cell type, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, pleural involvement, intrapulmonary metastasis, grade of scarring associated with a tumor, atypia of cells and mitotic index were significantly evaluated. The scoring of these factors will contribute to the clinician's decisions on the necessity and selection of post-adjuvant chemotherapy, especially even in Stage I. In squamous cell carcinoma cases, location of tumor, tumor size, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion and pleural involvement were also significantly evaluated. In 160 patients treated by chemotherapy involving cisplatin, chemotherapeutic response in squamous cell carcinoma (39 cases) was more effective and survived longer these than in adenocarcinoma (107 cases) and large cell carcinoma (14 cases). In 233 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated by chemotherapy, there were 33 cases of long-term survival more than 2 years; that is, 8 cases (3.4%) disease-free and 25 cases (10.7%) alive with cancer. The group which remained disease-free for over 2 years, consisted only of patients with Stage IIIa or IIIb, and PR was achieved with chemotherapy and radiation. Among patients who lived over 2 years, many squamous cell carcinoma cases (5/6) remained disease-free. On the other hand, adenocarcinoma was less responsive to chemotherapy and almost all cases (24/27) were alive with cancer. The relationship between the effectiveness of chemotherapy and prognosis among histological subtypes was examined in small cell lung cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Histology and prognosis in lung cancer treatment]. 216 41


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