Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007124 (ductal carcinoma in situ)
 3,833 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mammography, and in special cases MRT, allow the detection of DCIS and microcarcinomas. Breast preserving surgery needs intraoperative care for tumor free margins. Decision making under favourable and unfavourable conditions is discussed. Tumor grading is important with respect to locoregional recurrences. Improvements in breast cancer diagnosis are discussed in a separate paper in the same volume. The significance of c-erbB2 in pT1N0M0 stage has been determined in 472 cases. Within the c-erbB family, c-erbB2 has highest significance. p53 should also be evaluated with respect to tumor progress. In a few cases of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes, p53 reaction was found in epithelial and mesenchymal cell systems. These results correspond to the results of Domagala et al (90) which show that vimentin positivity correlates with high proliferation, a high degree of malignancy and c-erbB2 positivity. Finally, the significance of angiogenesis with respect to the ineffective knot-formation for tumor cell transport and detachment of epithelia with apoptosis are discussed. The significance of proteolytic activity of cancer according to the results of Schmitt et al (89) is included in the discussion. Biochemical analysis seems to be much more effective for prediction of metastatic process as compared with immunohistochemical evaluations.
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PMID:Breast preserving surgery decision making. 970 70

Prognostic factors for distant metastases in patients with local recurrence after breast-conserving treatment (BCT) were studied. Fifty-six patients who developed local recurrence after BCT were recruited from 18 key hospitals/institutes in Japan. All 10 patients whose primary tumors were DCIS fared well without evidence of distant failure for a median follow-up period of 57 months (range 41-72) after the local recurrence. Inflammatory local recurrence was observed in 5 patients whose prognosis was grave: 3 with concomitant distant metastases and 1 developing them 7 months later. In the remaining 41 patients with noninflammatory local recurrence, various clinicopathological factors including age, disease-free interval, histology of the primary and recurrent tumors, axillary lymph node status, estrogen and progesterone receptor, immunohistochemical staining of erbB2 and p53 protein were evaluated as prognostic factors. Only the p53 immunostaining status of the primary tumor was found to be a significant prognostic indicator for distant metastases; distant disease-free survival at 5 years after the local recurrence was 92% for patients with p53-negative cancers and 51% for those with p53-positive cancers (p < 0.05).
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PMID:The possible prognostic significance of p53 immunostaining status of the primary tumor in patients developing local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery. 973 24

Papillary carcinoma of the breast is a variant of predominantly intraductal carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern with fibrovascular support. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was evaluated at multiple chromosomal loci (including loci reported to show frequent genetic alterations in breast cancer) to determine the frequency of genetic mutations in these tumors and their precursors. Thirty-three papillary lesions of the breast (6 papillary carcinomas, 12 carcinomas arising in a papilloma, and 15 intraductal papillomas with florid epithelial hyperplasia) were retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Tumor cells and normal tissue were microdissected in each case and screened for LOH at INT-2 and p53 as well as several loci on chromosome 16p13 in the TSC2/PKD1 gene region (D16S423, D16S663, D16S665). LOH on chromosome 16p13 was present in 10 of 16 (63%) informative cases of either papillary carcinoma or carcinoma arising in a papilloma as well as in 6 of 10 (60%) informative cases of intraductal papilloma with florid epithelial hyperplasia (IDH). One case showed simultaneous LOH in both the florid IDH and carcinoma components of a papilloma. LOH was not observed at either INT-2 or p53 in any of the papillary carcinomas or papillomas with florid IDH. In conclusion, a high frequency of LOH at chromosome 16p13 (the TSC2/PKD1 gene region) is in both papillary carcinomas of the breast as well as in papillomas with florid IDH, including a case with LOH present simultaneously in both components. These findings suggest that chromosome 16p contains a tumor suppressor gene that frequently is mutated early in papillary neoplasia.
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PMID:LOH at 16p13 is a novel chromosomal alteration detected in benign and malignant microdissected papillary neoplasms of the breast. 978 50

The proto-oncogene bcl-2, which is implicated in the regulation of cell death by inhibiting apoptosis, is reported to be expressed in breast tissues. The wild-type p53 has been shown to induce apoptosis, which can be inhibited by bcl-2 expression. However, the role of bcl-2 and p53 expression in breast carcinogenesis has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bcl-2 and p53 expression in normal breast epithelia cells, as well as in intraductal and invasive cancerous lesions of breast cancer tissue using an immunohistochemical method and to clarify their role in the development of breast cancer. The nuclear accumulation of p53 was also evaluated by quantitative image analysis. Expression of bcl-2 was found in 79 of 82 (96%) normal ductal epithelial cells, in 50 of 63 (79%) intraductal carcinomas, and in 62 of 137 (45%) invasive carcinomas, respectively. Higher bcl-2 expression was observed in normal epithelial cells than in intraductal and invasive cancerous cells (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, bcl-2 positivity in intraductal lesions was significantly higher than in invasive cancerous lesions (P < 0.05). No p53 nuclear accumulation was observed in normal breast epithelial cells. Fifteen of 63 (23.8%) intraductal cancerous lesions and 41 of 137 (30%) invasive cancerous lesions were positive for p53 expression. An inverse relationship was shown between bcl-2 and p53 expression in invasive carcinomas. We demonstrated that bcl-2 expression exists in most of normal ductal epithelial cells and gradually decreases during the development of breast cancer, i.e. , from a normal epithelium to intraductal carcinoma, and from intraductal to invasive carcinoma, and that p53 expression may occur early in breast cancer development and increases during progression.
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PMID:Correlation between the expression of apoptosis-related bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins and the carcinogenesis and progression of breast carcinomas. 981 31

To reveal any association between the histological type and grade of intraductal breast neoplasms and the manner of accumulation of gene alterations, eight types of gene alterations, i.e., loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomal arms 16p, 16q, 17p, 17q, and 18q, amplification of the c-erbB-2 and hst-1/int-2 genes, and mutation of the p53 gene, were examined by Southern blot analysis or single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis in a total of 60 cases of intraductal breast cancer and 18 nonmalignant proliferative lesions. Among the histological types and three histological grade groups of intraductal carcinomas, the gene alterations which occurred most frequently were LOH on 16q alone in non-comedo type and Grade 1, alterations of c-erbB-2, 17p, and 16q in comedo type and Grade 2, and alterations of 17q and p53 as well as those of 16q, 17p, and c-erbB-2 in Grade 3. LOH on 16q and 18q was frequent in intraductal carcinoma of the intracystic papillary type, whereas LOH on 18q alone was detected in 27% of papillomas. Among intraductal carcinomas, the mean number of gene alterations was largest in comedo type and Grade 3, whereas it was smallest in non-comedo type and Grade 1. It was possible that LOH on 18q and 16q was involved frequently in papillary tumori-genesis and acquisition of malignant phenotype, respectively, whereas most of the other gene alterations were involved in acquisition of aggressive biological properties by intraductal carcinoma cells. It was also possible that the phenotype of breast neoplasms was determined by the combination of gene alterations at a relatively early developmental stage.
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PMID:Pattern of gene alterations in intraductal breast neoplasms associated with histological type and grade. 981 81

Expression of c-erbB3 protein was investigated in 104 primary breast carcinomas comprising nine comedo ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 91 invasive ductal carcinomas and four invasive lobular carcinomas using two monoclonal antibodies, RTJ1 and RTJ2. Of the 91 invasive ductal carcinomas, seven contained the comedo DCIS component adjacent to the invasive component. An immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate the association between expression of c-erbB3 and clinical parameters and tumour markers such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB2, cathepsin-D and p53 in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissues. Our results indicated that RTJ1 and RTJ2 gave identical staining patterns and concordant results. It was found that the overexpression of c-erbB3 protein was observed in 67% (6/9) of comedo DCIS, 52% (44/84) of invasive ductal carcinomas, 71% (5/7) of carcinomas containing both the in situ and invasive lesions and 25% (1/4) of invasive lobular carcinomas. A significant relationship (P < 0.05) was observed between strong immunoreactivity of c-erbB3 protein and histological grade, EGFR and cathepsin-D, but not with expression of c-erbB2, p53, oestrogen receptor status, lymph node metastases or age of patient. However, we noted that a high percentage of oestrogen receptor-negative tumours (59%), lymph node-positive tumours (63%) and c-erbB2 (63%) were strongly positive for c-erbB3 protein. We have also documented that a high percentage of EGFR (67%), c-erbB2 (67%), p53 (75%) and cathepsin-D-positive DCIS (60%) were strongly positive for c-erbB3. These observations suggest that overexpression of c-erbB3 protein could play an important role in tumour progression from non-invasive to invasive and, also, that it may have the potential to be used as a marker for poor prognosis of breast cancer.
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PMID:Expression of c-erbB3 protein in primary breast carcinomas. 982 84

Ninety-eight minimal breast cancers (MBCs) diagnosed between 1975 and 1990, and all originally considered to be invasive were found, on review, to form three groups: (a) 28 predominantly invasive carcinomas < or = 10 mm ('predominant invasive'); (b) 48 predominantly ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions with definite foci of invasion each < or = 10 mm ('predominant DCIS'); and (c) 22 DCIS without evidence of invasion ('pure DCIS'). Tumour histology and immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, c-erbB2, p53, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Bcl-2 were compared. The major finding was the contrasting features in the two invasive groups, with significant differences in their extent of invasion (P < 0.0001), tumour grade (P = 0.03), DCIS type (P = 0.008) and in marker expression. In the predominant invasive group, the infiltrative component was usually greater than 5 mm, low-grade and associated with well-differentiated DCIS. Expression of Ki-67, c-erbB2 and p53 was generally low, and that of ER, PR and Bcl-2 high. The predominant DCIS group in contrast had a much smaller, commonly high-grade, invasive component, usually with poorly differentiated DCIS and the reverse pattern of marker expression. Although not significant, survival of patients in the predominant invasive group was slightly better. These findings suggest that invasive MBCs should perhaps be treated as separate entities, in order to aid more appropriate selection of treatment.
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PMID:Minimal breast cancer: evaluation of histology and biological marker expression. 1040 7

To determine whether the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected mammographically or presenting clinically is the same or differs, pathological and biological (c-erbB-2 and p53 detection) features of 79 cases of pure DCIS, 5 cases with microinvasion and 8 cases with 1 to 2 mm of invasion, all detected by mammography, have been compared with 59 cases of pure DCIS, 8 cases with microinvasion and 7 cases with 1 to 2 mm invasion, all of which presented clinically. Half of the mammographically detected group were smaller than 20 mm, and there was a higher incidence of these being low grade, whereas 30% of the symptomatic cases were smaller than 20 mm, and more of this group were larger than 50 mm. For the pure DCIS, there were less high-grade and more intermediate-grade cases in the mammographically detected group, although the incidence of low grade was similar between the two groups. There were more cases with a micropapillary pattern in the symptomatic group. C-erbB-2 protein was detected in 42% of the mammographically detected cases, whereas 59% of the symptomatic cases had c-erbB-2 reactivity. P53 detection was similar for both groups (33.0% and 37.0%). There were more symptomatic cases with invasion, and these were predominantly high grade, whereas the mammographically detected cases were both high and intermediate grade. Twelve of the 15 symptomatic cases with invasion expressed c-erbB-2, in comparison with 4 of the 13 mammographically detected cases, with half of the high-grade lesions in the latter group being negative. This study has shown that although there is overlap of pathological and biological features between DCIS presenting clinically and that detected mammographically, there can be differences in extent, grade, and invasion. The impact of this, however, can be determined only by clinical follow-up.
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PMID:Comparison of pathological and biological features of symptomatic and mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. 1045 7

Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, zinc-binding protein that may have a function in cellular repair processes, growth and differentiation. Using a monoclonal antibody (E9) to metallothionein, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of MT in routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue from 98 cases of female breast carcinomas. The MT expression was studied in comparison with the expression of the basement membrane (BM) antigens (type IV collagen, laminin), fibronectin, cathepsin D, adhesion molecule CD44, p53 protein, the pRb, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, EGFR, stromelysin-1, proliferation indices (Ki-67, PCNA), steroid receptor content as well as with other conventional clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer. Strong MT expression was observed in the majority of tumour cells in 18.4% of tumours, focal MT positivity in 13.3% and almost complete lack of MT expression in 68.4% of cases (mean value 33.36 +/- 26.36). The MT expression in carcinoma cells was strongly associated with the DCIS component of the tumour (p < 0.0001). High values of MT were correlated with low steroid receptor status (p = 0.08 for ER receptor and p = 0.019 for PgR receptor content). MT positive cases were correlated with stromelysin-1 expression (p = 0.059) and cathepsin D (p = 0.058). These findings suggest that MT expression is characteristic of the early phase of breast carcinogenesis, possibly regulated by hormones, and could be a new potential prognostic marker in breast cancer.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in human breast cancer in comparison with cathepsin D, stromelysin-1, CD44, extracellular matrix components, P53, Rb, C-erbB-2, EGFR, steroid receptor content and proliferation. 1047 Jan 61

Five of 43 patients (11.6%) with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast presented with p53 autoantibodies at diagnosis. Three seropositive patients demonstrated tumour sizes of < or = 5 mm. There was no association of p53 autoantibody status with age, clinical presentation, histological subtype, tumour size, grading, p53 immunohistochemistry or hormone receptor status.
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PMID:Serum p53 autoantibodies in patients with minimal lesions of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. 1057 59


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