Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007112 (prostatic adenocarcinoma)
 2,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostatic blood flow was measured with 15oxygen-water by positron emission tomography using a 1-compartment model. A dynamic study method was applied to 9 normal subjects, 6 with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 11 with advanced stages C to D2 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostatic blood flow was 15.7 +/- 7.5 ml. per minute per 100 gm. in normal controls, 17.7 +/- 5.2 ml. per minute per 100 gm. in BPH patients and 29.4 +/- 7.8 ml. per minute per 100 gm. in prostatic cancer patients. Prostatic blood flow negatively correlated well with age in the normal subjects. Prostatic blood volume was also estimated by the steady state method using 15oxygen-carbon monoxide. Prostatic blood volume was 8.1 +/- 2.6% in normal controls, 8.9 +/- 1.1% in BPH patients and 6.1 +/- 2.1% in prostatic cancer patients. Blood flow in the prostatic cancer tissue was higher than that in the normal (p < 0.001) or BPH (p < 0.01) tissue. A significant difference in prostatic blood volume was also observed between BPH and cancer tissues (p < 0.02).
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PMID:Quantitative measurements of prostatic blood flow and blood volume by positron emission tomography. 127 12

The AMS800 artificial urinary sphincter was placed in 16 men who underwent previous pelvic irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A total of 13 patients had undergone external beam irradiation and 3 had had iridium seed implants. The sphincteric cuff was placed in the bulbar urethra in all patients, with a pressure regulating balloon of 51 to 60 or 61 to 70 cm. water. Overall social continence rate was 87%. Total complication rate was 25% with a rate of erosion and/or infection of 12.5%. We advocate that with meticulous technique, use of a low pressure balloon and delayed primary cuff activation, the artificial urinary sphincter can be placed with a reasonable success rate in post-irradiated men with urinary incontinence.
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PMID:Experiences with the artificial urinary sphincter in the irradiated patient. 153 40

Fresh whole prostate glands were examined systematically in a water bath to look for four sonographic criteria for prostatic carcinoma: well-circumscribed hypoechoic regions, external asymmetry of the gland, increase in anterior-posterior diameter ratio, and irregularity of the prostatic capsule. Whole mount sections were examined to correlate the histopathologic and sonographic findings. Using hypoechogenicity alone, 26 of 43 glands harboring tumor were identified correctly. Using all four criteria, 40 of 43 glands harboring tumor were identified, a statistically significant improvement in sensitivity (P less than 0.05). Specificity of both methods was similar (P greater than 0.1). The three tumors that were missed measured 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm, 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm, and 0.3 x 0.4 x 0.9 cm, and were found at autopsy in patients who died of causes unrelated to the prostate. The authors conclude that systematic examination of the gland with attention to multiple criteria for abnormality can improve case finding in prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Multiple criteria in sonographic diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma allows identification of all glands harboring clinically significant tumor: an in vitro study with histopathologic correlation. 156 May 1

Studies on lymphocyte subsets, mitogen transformation and NK cytotoxicity of blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) were performed in 30 patients who received transrectal microwave hyperthermia (TRHT) of the prostate. Of the 30 patients, 15 had advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate (CAP) and 15 had severely symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Local TRHT was given twice a week for a total of six sessions. The treatments were administered at 2450 MHz or 434 MHz using a water-cooled rectal applicator. Each TRHT session lasted for 30 min at steady-state temperature controlled on the rectal mucosa at 45 degrees C. Studies of immune reactions were performed before TRHT, at the completion of six TRHT sessions, and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months from therapy. Identical studies at the same time-interval were performed in 30 healthy male volunteers. In the 15 CAP patients the results of the immune studies obtained before TRHT, including CD4+/CD8+ ratio, PHA and Con-A transformation indices were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in the 15 BPH patients and in the 30 normal volunteers. The 15 BPH patients and the 30 normal volunteers all had immune parameters within the normal limits. Following the administration of TRHT in the 15 CAP patients, a transient significant (p less than 0.01) stimulation of the tested cell-mediated immune parameters was observed when compared with the pretreatment values. The peak effect of this stimulation was noted at 2 months with a subsequent decrease. In the 15 BPH patients a lesser degree of immune stimulation was noted. As expected there was no substantial change in the measured cell-mediated immune parameters in the 30 normal volunteers. A significant increase of NK cytotoxic activity was noted following TRHT in CAP patients when compared with the pretreatment results. This activity reached 120-130% of the individual initial values, being significant at p less than 0.01. The finding of transient stimulation of cell-mediated immune reaction, following local hyperthermia in patients with CAP, may be of some clinical relevance and of clinical importance. Additional studies are being formulated to confirm these interesting findings.
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PMID:Effects of local prostatic hyperthermia on human NK and T cell function. 172 93

Continent catheterizable urinary reservoirs and orthotopic bladder substitutes are complex surgical endeavors. The goal is preservation of renal function, reliable continence, and storage intervals acceptable to the patient. The construction requires familiarity with bowel segments and may increase operative time for radical cystoprostatectomy by 30% to 50%. Patients with continent reservoirs have improved body image, work habits, and sexual and interpersonal relationships. Experience with patients with dysfunctional neurogenic bladders previously converted to Bricker urostomies now undiverted to continent reservoirs indicates an overall increase in physical activity and self-satisfaction. These patients are tolerant of reoperations to maintain independence from wet urostomies. Undoubtedly, the expectations of bladder cancer patients will differ from those of young adults with neurogenic bladder, but we have found that when all options are presented patients will seek out therapy that least alters their body image. Therefore, patient selection becomes an important factor in determining the success of continent reservoirs. Patients must have the dexterity and motivation to catheterize the urinary reservoir, irrigate for mucus and, in cases of orthotopic bladder replacement to urethra, accept the need for artificial sphincter placement in 30% to 40% of cases. Management of the neo-bladders requires additional consideration of several practical and theoretic points for both the surgeon and medical oncologist: 1. Patients with diffuse carcinoma in situ or transitional cell carcinoma at the bladder neck or prostatic urethra should undergo simultaneous urethrectomy excluding orthotopic bladder replacement. 2. Ten percent to 40% of patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell cancer will have concomitant underdiagnosed adenocarcinoma of the prostate; patient prognosis will remain defined by the stage and grade of the bladder cancer. 3. Patients may have a tendency toward dehydration because of increased loss of free water through bowel transit. 4. Absorption of chloride, ammonium, and hydrogen ions may cause hyperchloremic acidosis, especially in face of imparied renal function. 5. Because of the potential for drug absorption across reservoir mucosa, patients receiving chemotherapy may require Foley catheterization with irrigation in addition to intravenous hydration. 6. Creatinine clearance is unsuitable for studying the renal function of reservoir patients because urine passes through the intestinal segment where creatinine is absorbed; glomerular filtration is better estimated by nuclear scanning with the reservoir emptied. 7. Most reservoirs will remain colonized with bacteria. 8. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the patient with temporary impairment of immune function during chemotherapy may be necessary. 9. Mucus may entrap bacteria serving as a host defense; its production may diminish with time from construction. All patients should be capable of performing reservoir irrigations to manage mucus obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Neobladders: clinical management and considerations for patients receiving chemotherapy. 221 72

Cyproterone acetate(CA), a well-known competitive antiandrogen, has been used for the treatment of precocious puberty, prostatic adenocarcinoma, hirsutism and hypersexuality. However, there have been some reports of troublesome gynecomastia developing during the use of this drug. It was, therefore, of interest to investigate the effect of CA on peripheral aromatization, since it is the major source of circulating estrogens in men. Our recent studies of aromatase activity in human skin fibroblasts demonstrated that the skin is an important site of extraglandular aromatase activity in men and suggested that these cells might provide a valuable new system in which to study the enzyme. Estrogen formation was assayed by the [3H]H2O technique, after 3h incubation of the cells with androstenedione. The initial experiment was designed to test the effect of CA (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) on baseline aromatase activity during a 12h preincubation in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Baseline aromatase activity was not affected by the presence of CA, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate, a similar synthetic progestogen, induced a 2-fold stimulation of aromatase activity at a concentration of 10(-5) M. In cells preincubated with dexamethasone (DEX) in the presence of FBS, aromatase activity was stimulated markedly. When the cells were preincubated in the medium containing FBS with DEX (2.5 X 10(-7) M) in the presence of CA (10(-7) to 10(-4) M), DEX-stimulated levels of aromatase activity were inhibited by CA in a dose-dependent fashion. A competitive binding assay using [3H]DEX, showed that CA was able to compete with DEX for glucocorticoid receptor and the relative binding affinity of CA was approximately 50 times less than DEX. This suggested that the inhibitory effect of CA was due to competition with DEX for receptor binding. Aromatase activity was also stimulated by (Bu)2cAMP (1mM) in the absence of FBS. The stimulatory effect of (Bu)2 cAMP was maximal after 12-24h of preincubation, and this level was maintained for 60h. Similar to the DEX stimulation, stimulation of aromatase activity by (Bu)2cAMP required both RNA and protein synthesis, since the stimulatory effect of (Bu)2cAMP was abolished by co-preincubation with cycloheximide or actinomycin D. When CA was present during either the 12h preincubation or assay incubation, no difference was found in the (Bu)2cAMP-stimulated levels of aromatase activity. On the other hand, the non-aromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) inhibited the stimulation of aromatase activity by (Bu)2cAMP in a dose-dependent fashion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of cyproterone acetate on aromatase activity in cultured human genital skin fibroblasts: intracellular control of aromatase activity]. 255 46

Prostate cells of human and rat origin produce polyamines in high content, whose apparent functions relate to cellular proliferation and secretory activities. Formation is dependent on the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) which is irreversibly inhibited by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). It has been postulated that pretreatment with DFMO may render cells more susceptible to subsequent chemotherapy. Copenhagen X Fischer F1 rats bearing the Dunning R3327 MAT-LyLu prostatic adenocarcinoma were given DFMO or adriamycin (ADR), alone or in combination. Those receiving DFMO were continuously provided the drug ad libitum, in water (2.5%), for the duration of the experiment, beginning 2 days prior to ADR administration. At intervals, tumor sizes were measured, animal survivals noted and comparisons made to nontreated, tumor-bearing controls. The results indicate that ADR alone or in combination with DFMO significantly reduced tumor progression, but that only combination therapy significantly prolonged survivals. Decreased tumor progression produced by DFMO alone was not statistically significant. Differences produced with combined use were additive and suggest that DFMO may augment ADR chemotherapy.
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PMID:Combination therapy using polyamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine and adriamycin in treatment of rats carrying the Dunning R3327 MAT-LyLu prostatic adenocarcinoma. 311 12

Clinical trials have utilized intermittent diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES) therapy in advanced symptomatic prostatic carcinoma to diminish the morbidity of standard endocrine therapy. To determine the effect of intermittent DES administration on the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma 60 days following tumor implant, 6 groups were randomly assigned: control (N = 8), castrate (N = 10), high dose DES (N = 8, 1.6 micrograms/ml DES continuously in drinking water), low dose DES (N = 10, 0.4 microgram/ml continuously in drinking water), intermittent high dose DES (N = 10, 1.6 micrograms/ml DES in drinking water for 1 week, then off for 3 weeks), and intermittent low dose DES (N = 10, 0.4 microgram/ml DES for 1 week, then off for 3 weeks). Results indicate that low or high dose DES, and intermittent low or intermittent high dose DES during the week of administration were able to reduce serum testosterone to castrate levels (0.1 ng/ml). After withdrawal of intermittent DES, serum testosterone returned toward control levels (1.0 ng/ml). Initial mean tumor burden between control and treatment groups was not significantly different. All DES exposed rats had a tumor volume at death (range, 15.6-18.3 cm3) smaller than control (mean, 25.4 cm3) or castrate (mean, 40.8 cm3) rats. Despite this significant survival advantage from the time of randomization was achieved only in castrate (median survival, 331 days) or high dose DES (median survival, 359 days) groups compared to control (median survival, 225 days). Similarly, significant prolongation in tumor doubling time was achieved only by rats receiving castration or high dose DES. Intermittent DES administration controls tumor volume but does not provide a survival advantage. In this respect, intermittent DES is inferior to castration.
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PMID:Effects of intermittent diethylstilbestrol diphosphate administration on the R3327 rat prostatic carcinoma. 366

Recently, Volk, Geiger, and Raz (Cancer Res., 44: 811-824, 1984) addressed the question of whether variations in actin organization in clones of the murine K-1735 melanoma tumor correlated with their metastatic capability. Using immunofluorescence techniques, they found that clones which had a more ordered actin network were less metastatic, whereas clones having a diffuse actin staining pattern were more metastatic. Similarly, we have found that in the Dunning rat R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma tumor system, the non-metastatic (less than 0.1%) H-prostatic tumor cell line has a prominent network of actin filament bundles, whereas the highly metastatic (greater than 90%) MatLyLu cell line has a diffuse actin staining pattern. In the low-metastatic (less than 10%) AT1 cell line an intermediate actin organization between H and MatLyLu was observed. Analysis of cell extracts from H- and MatLyLu-cells revealed differences in the level of activity of cellular proteins which affect actin filament assembly and structure in a manner similar to that of the cytochalasins, fungal metabolites which bind with high affinity to the fast-growing end of actin filaments. Extracts of MatLyLu were significantly more effective than those of H-cells in decreasing the extent of actin filament network formation and in inhibiting the rate of filament assembly by blocking monomer addition onto the fast-growing end. Measurements of spin-lattice nuclear magnetic resonance water proton relaxation times (T1) were made in surgically removed tumor tissue from four sublines (H, AT1, MatLyLu, and MatLu) of the Dunning R3327 tumor system. The highly metastatic cell lines had significantly longer water proton T1 relaxation times than did the lines with low metastatic potential. These differences in T1 may reflect the observed alterations in organization of actin filaments within these various sublines of the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma tumor system.
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PMID:Actin filament organization of the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma system: correlation with metastatic potential. 394 Jun 53

The effectivenss of maltose tetrapalmitate (MTP) as an antitumour immune adjuvant was verified by its comparison with other known immunopotentiators, namely BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, levamisole and pyran copolymer. Copenhagen x Fisher 344/CRBL F1 hybrid male rats inoculated s.c. with the Dunning R3327A prostatic adenocarcinoma were used as the test system. All animals treated with immunoadjuvants showed a delay in tumour appearance and inhibition of early tumour growth. MTP was found to be the most effective, followed by levamisole, BCG, pyran copolymer and C. parvum in order of decreasing efficacy. Intratumoral treatment of small or large s.c. tumours with BCG, MTP and C. parvum was ineffective in our cases. However, this treatment was effective with MTP and BCG if they were used against a differentiated form of R3327 tumour. MTP and levamisole were found to be equally effective when given orally in drinking water. Experiments involving surgical excision of tumours followed by MTP therapy in two s.c. implanted animal tumour models (viz. a poorly immunogenic ascites mammary carcinoma 13762 in Fisher 344/CRBL rats, and an SV40 virus-induced sarcoma of low immunogenicity in Syrian hamster) showed beneficial effects of MTP on local tumour recurrence and tumour growth. Pre- and postoperative MTP treatment was at least as effective as postoperative MTP treatment alone.
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PMID:The antitumour activity of maltose tetrapalmitate compared with other immunoadjuvants, and its effectiveness after tumour surgery. 745 8


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