Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0007112 (prostatic adenocarcinoma)
2,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prostatic tumor that was excised from a sixty-two-year-old man was found histologically to resemble papillary endometrial carcinoma. A specimen of this prostatic endometrioid carcinoma tested positive for prostate-specific antigen and focally positive for mucin, confirming the prostatic epithelial origin of the tumor. A review of the literature indicates that tumors of this type are best approached as a standard acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
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PMID:Endometrioid carcinoma of prostate. 334 69

A metastatic tumor involving the mandibular condyle presented symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Positive identification of the primary malignant lesion as prostatic adenocarcinoma was accomplished through the use of immunohistochemical stains for prostate-specific antigen and subsequent prostate biopsy. A review of the literature revealed fifteen additional cases of metastatic lesions of the mandibular condyle, seven of which also demonstrated TMJ-related symptoms as the initial manifestation of malignant disease. Such cases represent a diagnostic challenge, both clinically and microscopically. Symptoms of TMJ dysfunction coupled with radiographic evidence of a destructive lesion or pathologic fracture should suggest a possible malignant process indicating the need for biopsy. Subsequent examination of routine sections in combination with the use of selected stains, including immunohistochemistry may be helpful in identification of the primary tumor site.
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PMID:Metastatic tumors of the mandibular condyle. Review of the literature and report of a case. 386 14

Thirteen cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma with endometrioid features were reviewed. The patients were older men (49-81 years) presenting with symptoms of hematuria and urinary obstruction. Each of the tumors displayed exophytic growth into the prostatic urethra, with involvement of the verumontanum. The urethral orifices of the large (primary) prostatic ducts were uniformly involved, and coexistent invasive (acinar) adenocarcinoma was identified in 10 cases (77%). The tumors exhibited a complex glandular pattern strikingly similar to uterine endometrial carcinoma, with prominent papillary formation in six cases. All cases demonstrated intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen in at least part of the tumor. Focal staining for carcinoembryonic antigen was seen in three cases. Five tumors examined ultrastructurally demonstrated typical features of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Follow-up information was available on all 13 patients (6-83 months). Seven patients died of metastatic tumor (9-70 months after diagnosis), and the other six patients exhibited recurrent local or metastatic tumor. The sites of metastases were identical to those seen with invasive "acinar" prostatic adenocarcinoma, including pelvic lymph nodes, bones, and lungs. Crude 5-year survival was 15%, with a mean survival of 37 months. Adjuvant therapy provided palliative relief for many patients, but did not appear to influence survival. These findings indicate that endometrioid carcinoma is a histologically distinct variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma, with a more aggressive clinical behavior than previously thought.
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PMID:Prostatic adenocarcinoma with endometrioid features. Clinical, pathologic, and ultrastructural findings. 409 Nov 89

A series of 60 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 34 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia were examined quantitatively after immunoperoxidase staining for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The tumors were graded I to IV according to the MDAH grading system recently proposed. Fifty-nine of the 60 tumors were positive for PSA and 58 were positive for PSAP. The one PSA and PSAP negative case was CEA negative and weakly EMA positive. Grade I to III tumors stained more tumor cells and more diffusely for PSA and PSAP than grade IV tumors. There was no significant difference in the intensity or extent of staining between grade I and grade II-III tumors for PSA and PSAP. A comparison of PSA and PSAP showed that PSA stained more intensely and more extensively than PSAP. Benign prostatic tissue and low-grade prostatic tumors did not stain for CEA but three of the 20 grade IV tumors and one of the 23 grade II-III tumors did. Staining for EMA was focal and showed no relation to tumor grade. Benign and malignant lesions failed to stain for AFP and HCG.
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PMID:Multiple immunoperoxidase markers in benign hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 619 66

Serial serum prostate tumor markers (acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen-Yang, prostate-specific antigen-Hybritech, lipid-associated sialic acid in plasma, and tissue polypeptide antigen) were obtained every four hours during a twenty-four-hour interval from men with Stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate. No therapeutic or diagnostic manipulations occurred during sample procurement, so that the amount of fluctuation in these serum prostate cancer markers could be determined. The average co-efficient of variation for acid phosphatase 28.8, prostate-specific antigen-Yang 8.85, prostate-specific antigen-Hybritech 7.2, lipid-associated sialic acid in plasma (LASA-P) 6.19, and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) 14.75 indicate that prostate-specific antigen determined by either method fluctuates minimally, indicating stability and, because it is prostate-cancer specific, is the most useful tumor marker tested.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of fluctuation of serum tumor markers in advanced cancer of prostate. 750 49

The prostatic epithelium is composed of three distinct cell populations: secretory luminal, basal, and endocrine-paracrine cells. It is currently unknown whether these basic epithelial cell types are related in a hierarchical pathway of differentiation or are independent and separate entities. In the present study we used double-label techniques for cell-specific markers to search for multidirectional differentiation in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate tissue. In normal and hyperplastic conditions subsets of basal cells revealed synchronous expression of basal cell-specific cytokeratins and the prostate-specific antigen, indicating intermediate differentiation between basal and secretory luminal cell types. Furthermore, endocrine-paracrine cells of the closed type focally showed simultaneous expression of chromogranin A and basal cell-specific cytokeratins. These findings highlight the phenotypic plasticity of the basal cell layer in the human prostate. In prostatic adenocarcinoma co-expression of exocrine (prostate-specific antigen) and endocrine (chromogranin A) markers was detected frequently in subsets of malignant cells. Conversely, this amphicrine phenotype was rarely found in hyperplastic glands. The occurrence of multidirectional differentiation within the prostatic endocrine cell system may indicate that endocrine-paracine cells derive from pluripotent stem cells of endodermal origin. Furthermore, the phenotypic plasticity of basal cells suggests that this epithelial compartment houses stem cell populations that give rise to all epithelial cell lineages encountered in the normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostate.
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PMID:Multidirectional differentiation in the normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostate: simultaneous demonstration of cell-specific epithelial markers. 750 83

A massive, locally extensive adenocarcinoma of the prostate (2,246 ccm) presenting as constipation and a palpable abdominal mass, was treated with androgen deprivation resulting in a 94 percent reduction in tumor size, and relief of symptoms. Serum prostate-specific antigen was reduced from 4,029 to 0.4 ng/mL, after hormonal therapy was combined with radiation treatments for local disease control.
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PMID:Massive locally extensive prostate cancer. 750 27

Paneth cell-like change (PCLC) of the prostatic epithelium is considered to be a distinct form of neuroendocrine differentiation characterized by isolated cells or small groups of cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. We evaluated 300 serially sectioned radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who had not received prior adjuvant therapy (pathologic stages T2NOMO [177 patients], T3NOMO [100 patients], and TxN1MO [23 patients]). Paneth cell-like change was identified in 30 cases (10%), ranging from 1 to 20 high-power fields/positive case (mean, 4.1 high-power fields/case). There was no correlation of PCLC with prostate volume, prostate weight, Gleason grade, nuclear grade, lymph node metastases, serum prostate-specific antigen levels, cancer volume, area or presence of capsular perforation, seminal vesicle invasion, or glandular mucin (all P > .05), although a positive correlation was seen with cribriform pattern (r = 0.50, P = .0015). Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity within cells of PCLC for chromogranin (seven of seven cases), neuron-specific enolase (seven of seven cases), serotonin (six of seven cases), prostate-specific antigen (five of seven cases), and prostatic acid phosphatase (four of seven cases); lysozyme was negative (seven cases). Our findings indicate that PCLC is more common than previously reported, but that it is not associated with tumor grade, serum PSA levels, or pathologic stage. This study also shows that PCLC represents neuroendocrine differentiation, suggesting that the term "Paneth cell-like change" be deleted from the pathologist's lexicon in relation to prostatic adenocarcinoma; a more appropriate term might be "neuroendocrine cells with large eosinophilic granules."
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PMID:Paneth cell-like change in prostatic adenocarcinoma represents neuroendocrine differentiation: report of 30 cases. 811 11

Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) of the prostatic urethra with involvement of the prostate gland can mimic other small-gland proliferations of the prostate, particularly adenocarcinoma of the prostate. To further characterize this lesion and refine diagnostic criteria we retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical findings of eight cases of NA involving the prostate gland seen at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1987 to 1992. The patients' ages ranged from 44 to 76 years (average age, 65 years). Six patients had lower genitourinary tract operations. Follow-up information was available for six patients (follow-up period, 5 to 38 months); only one patient had clinical evidence of recurrence (5 months after surgery). The remaining patients were alive and well with no evidence of disease. Histologically, NA was characterized by a proliferation of small tubules lined by a single layer of cuboidal or flattened cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were round with fine chromatin and there was no mitotic activity. Nucleoli were generally small, but occasionally prominent. All NA extended into the prostatic parenchyma, raising the possibility that these lesions may represent prostatic small-gland proliferations, particularly prostate adenocarcinoma. However, all cases tested were negative for prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. Our findings indicate that the histologic features and the use of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase immunostains will help to distinguish NA of the urethra involving the prostate from other small-gland proliferations (eg, small-acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate, clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra, sclerosing adenosis, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, florid hyperplasia of mesonephric remnants, simple lobular atrophy, and incomplete basal cell hyperplasia).
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PMID:Nephrogenic adenoma of the prostatic urethra involving the prostate gland: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of eight cases. 751 41

A total of 347 patients with stages A2-C adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with external beam radiotherapy and with pretreatment and 3-month prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were studied to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of the fall in PSA concentration from its baseline (PSAB) to its 3-month (PSA3) level. PSA levels fell in 333 patients (96%). With two exceptions, the patients whose PSA level did not fall had low PSAB and remained without evidence of disease. Since PSA levels fall virtually always, the fact that a fall occurs is of no prognostic value. When the magnitude of the fall relative to baseline was examined, patients with the largest falls had the worst outcomes. This paradoxical result was explained by the relationship between PSAB and PSA3. Regression analysis showed that the fall in PSA level was approximately proportional to the cube root of the baseline value. Thus, patients with high PSAB had high falls, but a high PSAB was an overwhelming predictor for poor outcome. Hence, PSA fall relative to baseline was not a meaningful prognostic factor. The only factor of prognostic value was the absolute PSA3 value. Patients with PSA3 < or = 2 ng/ml fared well at 4 years (freedom from relapse, 91%; incidence of rising PSA profile, 20%); patients with PSA3 > 2, but < or = 10 ng/ml had an intermediate, individually indeterminate outcome (freedom from relapse, 51%; incidence of rising PSA profile, 58%); patients with PSA3 > 10 ng/ml can be said to have failed treatment (freedom from relapse, 50%; incidence of rising PSA profile, 90%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The serum prostate-specific antigen level three months after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: an early indicator of response to treatment. 751 8


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