Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007112 (prostatic adenocarcinoma)
 2,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the prostate is a rare neoplasm, occurring in adult men. It closely resembles the not uncommon tumor of the female breast and usually behaves in a similar manner. This case of benign cystosarcoma phyllodes of the prostate occurred in a 53-year-old man who presented with increasing abdominal girth and underwent exploratory laparotomy and removal of the 11.2-kg tumor. It was remarkable for its very large size and the presence of foci of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, prostatic acinar type. The glandular epithelium of both the phyllodes tumor and the carcinoma were immunoreactive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, prostate-specific antigen, and prostate-specific acid phosphatase. The presence of typical prostatic type adenocarcinoma and this immunoreactivity pattern strongly supports a prostatic origin for this rare neoplasm.
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PMID:Giant cystosarcoma phyllodes of the prostate associated with adenocarcinoma. 131 Feb 47

Two cases of urethral nephrogenic adenoma involving the prostate are described. A diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma was raised in both cases and was seriously entertained in one of them. The patients, who were 65 and 68 yr old, underwent transurethral resection because of difficulty voiding; both had had a prior similar procedure. Microscopic examination in each case showed small tubules and clusters of cells in the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate. In one case the lesional cells had abundant clear cytoplasm, and in both cases some of the nuclei had prominent nucleoli. In each case a minor component of the cystic pattern of nephrogenic adenoma was also present. Features pointing to a diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma were a morphology that was diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma were a morphology that was focally characteristic of that lesion, an origin from overlying prostatic urethra in both cases, and negative immunohistochemical staining of the lesional cells for prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase. These cases illustrate that nephrogenic adenoma occasionally involves the prostate and in these cases can potentially be confused with prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Nephrogenic adenomas of the urethra involving the prostate gland: a report of two cases of a lesion that may be confused with prostatic adenocarcinoma. 136 96

The potential prognostic significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum concentrations was evaluated in 171 patients with stages A2 to C adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with external beam radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 17 months, 12 patients sustained relapse of disease and PSA levels were found to be prognostically significant in three ways. (a) Pretreatment PSA level: none of 59 patients with a pretreatment PSA level less than or equal to 4 ng/ml relapsed to date and only one developed a subsequently rising PSA profile; 7 of 102 patients (7%) with a pretreatment PSA level in the range 4-40 ng/ml relapsed and 17 (17%) showed a rising PSA profile; 5 of 10 patients (50%) with a pretreatment PSA level greater than or equal to 40 ng/ml relapsed and six (60%) developed rising PSA values. The differences were significant and were maintained when patients were stratified by stage or grade. (b) PSA level at 6 months: for patients with pretreatment PSA levels in the range 4-40 ng/ml, a 6-month value greater than 2 ng/ml predicted a significantly worse outcome than a 6-month value less than 2 ng/ml. (c) Rising post-treatment PSA values: following a radiation-related nadir in PSA levels, 24 patients experienced rising PSA values and 8 (33%) relapsed at a median time of 5 months after onset of the rising values--a significantly higher relapse rate than observed in patients with non-rising PSA values. Whether the majority, or all, of the patients with rising PSA levels relapse, requires further follow-up. In conclusion, serum PSA levels are strong prognostic determinants of outcome following radiotherapy for prostate cancer and appear to add prognostic information independently of tumor stage and grade.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen as a prognostic factor for prostate cancer treated by external beam radiotherapy. 137 65

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has emerged as the most useful marker for management of patients with prostate cancer. The regulation of this glycoprotein in vivo has important clinical implications. Indirect evidence indicates that the PSA glycoprotein might be regulated by androgens, and previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that PSA mRNA is upregulated by androgens. The current work reports a detailed study of PSA glycoprotein expression as influenced by steroid hormones in a human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line, LNCaP. First, we have examined the steroid binding specificity of the androgen receptor in this cell line. In comparison with wild-type rat androgen receptor in prostate, the receptor in LNCaP cells has altered affinity for a number of steroids or analogs such as progesterone (R5020), antiprogesterone (RU486), two antiandrogens (cyperoterone acetate and hydroxyflutamide), and an androgen metabolite (epitestosterone). However, its affinity for androgens (mibolerone, dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone) is not changed. The receptor does not bind to the synthetic glucocorticoids (triaminolone acetonide and dexamethasone) nor to a synthetic estrogen DES (diethylstilbestrol). The change of the steroid binding specificity of the receptor is correlated with a single mutation (A----G at nucleotide #876 relative to the initiation codon) of the steroid binding domain of the receptor. The mutation and alteration of steroid-binding specificity of the androgen receptor is also correlated with PSA glycoprotein expression affected by different ligands tested. We have demonstrated that the PSA glycoprotein is upregulated by androgens and is affected by neither epidermal growth factor nor basic fibroblast growth factor. Moreover, PSA glycoprotein could be induced by R5020, estradiol, and epitestosterone; but neither glucocorticoids nor DES had any effect on PSA induction. Interestingly, although the antiandrogen, cyperotone acetate, had the ability to induce PSA, both RU486 and hydroxyflutamide could block androgen and progesterone induction of PSA glycoprotein. Therefore, we conclude that the PSA glycoprotein expression is influenced predominantly by androgens via its receptor, and the mutation of the receptor can affect the expression of this cellular gene by the steroids other than androgens.
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PMID:Hormonal regulation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) glycoprotein in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line, LNCaP. 137 63

The goal of this study was to determine if patients with stage D0-3 prostatic adenocarcinoma have detectable hematogenous micrometastasis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of prostate-specific antigen mRNA, which is exclusively expressed by prostatic epithelial cells, was used to detect circulating prostatic cells. Peripheral venous blood was obtained from 17 control and 12 prostate cancer patients with stage D0-3 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Of the 12 cancer cases, four patients (stage D1-3) tested positive for prostate-specific antigen RNA, indicating the presence of circulating micrometastasis. The 17 negative controls all tested negative. Contrary to a long held hypothesis, these data point to the possibility that hematogenous metastasis may be a relatively early event in the natural history of human prostate cancer. These findings may have an important impact on our understanding and treatment of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Detection of hematogenous micrometastasis in patients with prostate cancer. 138 51

We discuss a 63-year-old man who presented with a metastatic tumor in an inguinal lymph node. By light microscopy, the tumor cells were characterized by a finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. A diagnosis of metastatic oncocytic carcinoma was made based on the results of an ultrastructural examination, which showed the cytoplasm of the tumor cells to be filled with mitochondria. Results of immunocytochemical studies showed positive reactivity for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen. A transurethral resection of the prostate showed an oncocytic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, apparently the first of its kind, which was demonstrated to be the site of origin of the inguinal lymph node metastasis.
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PMID:Metastatic prostatic carcinoma presenting as an oncocytic tumor. 138 66

A mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is rate, and a doubtful diagnosis should be verified to determine that the tumor surely does arise from the prostate, since a mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the gastrointestinal tract is not as rare and often metastasizes to the prostate. We herein report on a case of a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate, the origin of which was proved to be the prostate by immunohistochemical staining for a prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase.
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PMID:[A case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate]. 169 Aug 26

A study carried out in 470 patients with metastasized adenocarcinoma of the prostate confirmed the efficacy of 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate depot given subcutaneously once monthly. Bone pain was rapidly decreased and the general condition of patients and urinary signs improved. Sexual activity was maintained in 50% of patients. After 3 months' treatment, there was no progression in 95% of patients, complete regression in 39% and partial regression in 49%; 17% of cases were stabilized. Improvement in clinical signs was directly related to a decline in amounts of prostate-specific antigen and was associated with a decline in serum testosterone concentrations within 3-4 weeks of starting treatment. Leuprorelin acetate depot was well tolerated and was easy to store and use.
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PMID:Interim report of a large French multicentre study of efficacy and safety of 3.75 mg leuprorelin depot in metastatic prostatic cancer. 169 Nov 13

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were determined in four groups of patients with prostatic carcinoma: 230 untreated patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate after careful clinical staging; in 102 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma who were treated by radical prostatectomy; in 183 patients after radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate; and in 45 antiandrogen-treated patients with documented metastatic disease. Within each treatment modality PSA proved to be a powerful tool in predicting stage and prognosis of each patient. In the untreated group the PSA level was directly proportional to advancing clinical stage and Gleason score. The rate of increase of PSA in clinical stage A and B cancer patients suggested a doubling time of at least 2 years. In the group of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, PSA correlated extremely well with the tumor volume and had a high predictive value for pelvic lymph node metastasis. No patient with pelvic lymph node metastasis achieved an undetectable PSA level following radical prostatectomy without adjunctive therapy. Both anti-androgen and radiation treatment were followed initially by dramatic falls in serum PSA concentrations, but the majority of patients soon experienced a reversal of this initial response, signifying early failure and again providing new information unavailable from any other source.
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PMID:[The role of prostate-specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma]. 169 83

Twelve patients with primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate were included in a clinicopathologic study; criteria included a total tumor volume more than 25% mucinous and single or clustered tumor cells floating in mucin lakes. Patient ages were 57 to 81 years; tumor stages were C (three), D (five), and unknown (four). Bone was the most frequent metastatic site (usually osteoblastic), followed by lymph nodes and lungs. Serum levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen were frequently elevated (five of 10 and three of three measured, respectively). All mucinous adenocarcinomas also contained other histologic patterns: microglandular (four), cribriform (three), comedo (two), solid (two), and hypernephroid (one). Mucinous components composed less than 50% of three tumors, 50% and 75% of six, and more than 75% of three. No tumor contained signet-ring cells. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen. Treatment was radiation, estrogen, orchiectomy, or a combination. In two of four patients, serum prostatic acid phosphatase levels normalized after therapy. Seven patients died of disease (mean follow-up, 56 months), and five patients are alive with disease (mean, 32.2 months). The proportion of mucinous component did not affect prognosis.
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PMID:Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate: histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. 169 91


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